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Art Appreciation > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

0
Q

Prehistoric

A

Before written history

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1
Q

Henge

A

Stonehenge; from Western Europe; solar calendar; lentil stone

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2
Q

Cuneiform Tablet

A

The invention of writing by Sumerians; “wedge-shaped” marks on clay tablets: Epic of Gilgamesh (example)

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3
Q

Ziggurat

A

ancient Mesopotamian temple tower consisting of a lofty pyramidal structure built in successive stages with outside staircases and a shrine on top; Temple of Uruk & tallest one is in Babylonia (example)

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4
Q

Frieze

A

Used for storytelling; a decorative band on a wall/doorframe/etc; Parthenon Frieze (example)

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5
Q

Stele

A

A carved stone slab erected to commemorate a historical event or to mark a grave.

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6
Q

Lamassu

A

Sumerian; protective deity depicted with bull or lion body, eagle wings, & human head.

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7
Q

Acropolis

A

A settlement/citadel built upon an area of elevated ground; Gr. “City on the extremity”; Acropolis of Athens (example)

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8
Q

Rosetta Stone

A

From 196 BC & found in 1799; key to unlocking hieroglyphics; found in Rosetta, Egypt (originally Memphis)

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9
Q

Ka

A

The spiritual part of the soul that survived after death/find you after death; that’s why it’s important to preserve bodies & mummify; everyone born with Ka

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10
Q

Necropolis

A

Gr. “City of the dead”; large ancient cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments.

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11
Q

Sphinx

A

The Great Sphinx; Lion with human head associated with sun god; largest on near east

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12
Q

Canon

A

The Egyptian Canon; system of proportions to human figure (god/rulers shown bigger)

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13
Q

Mastaba

A

“House for eternity”; ancient Egyptian tomb; flat-roofed, rectangular structure with outward sloping slides.

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14
Q

Hypostyle

A

Hypostyle hall has roof supported by columns; Temple of Amen

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15
Q

Fresco

A

Technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid lime plaster; Thebes

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16
Q

Cycladic Art

A

Marble figures and idols, art of Cycladic civilization around islands of Aegean Sea.

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17
Q

Labyrinth

A

Elaborate maze-like structure; Greek mythology - structure built by King Minis of Crete to hold Minotaur

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18
Q

Clerestory

A

High windows above eye level to bring in outside light; palace of Knossos in Crete.

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19
Q

Krater

A

Bowl used for mixing water & wine.

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20
Q

Meander

A

Decorative border constructed from continuous line; key pattern in Ancient Greek art; Geometric Krater

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21
Q

Amphora

A

2-handled storage jar from Orientalizing period inAncient Greek history.

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22
Q

Siren

A

Half bird, half women.

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23
Q

Kore

A

Type of free-standing sculpture from Ancient Greece of Archaic period made of wood, terra cotta, limestone, or white marble.

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24
Q

Doric

A

Doric order = 1/3 orders of organizational systems of Ancient Greece; oldest & simplest; heavily fluted columns with no base and saucer capitals.

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25
Q

Ionic

A

Columns stand on base which separates shaft of column from the stylobate/platform, circular design on cap.

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26
Q

Corinthian

A

Third order (Doric is first, Ionic is second); slender fluted columns and elaborate caps decorated with leaves/scrolls/etc.

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27
Q

Gorgon

A

In Greek mythology, it is a female creature; gorgon Medusa = a demon with a woman’s body and a bird’s wings.

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28
Q

Caryatid

A

Sculpted columns, typically sculpture of female column.

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29
Q

Gigantomachy

A

In Greek mythology, the symbolic struggle between the cosmic order of the Olympians (led by Zeus) and the nether forces of Chaos (led by Alcyoneus); battle of gods and giants; motif of order of triumph over chaos.

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30
Q

Foreshorten

A

Painted in 3/4 view; appear shorter because it is in the foreground.

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31
Q

Contrapposto

A

Kritos boy; means counterpose in Italian; most of weight on one foot.

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32
Q

Herm

A

Bust on a square pillar.

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33
Q

Tesserae

A

One of the small squares or glass used in making mosaic patterns.

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34
Q

Tholos

A

A beehive shaped stone tomb of Mycenaean Greece, roofed by cornering and usually built into side of hill; circular shrine; first see introduction of interior columns; Corinthian capital; Kallimadres - basket weighed down by tile on root.

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35
Q

Hyphaethral

A

Open to sky; no roof; Temple of Apollo.

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36
Q

Agora

A

6 block area in center of city; gathering place.

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37
Q

Fibula

A

Clasp for holding women’s gowns up at shoulder; Etruscans.

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38
Q

Barrel Vault

A

A vault in the form of a half cylinder.

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39
Q

Forum

A

Geological center of town; center of civic life for any Roman town.

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40
Q

Amphitheater

A

A large building with seats rising in curved rows around a open space on which games & plays take place; part of early empire Roman architecture.

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41
Q

Atmospheric Perspective

A

Also known as aerial perspective; the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as it is viewed from a distance; part of second style of Roman wall painting.

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42
Q

Linear Perspective

A

He apparent size and shape of objects and their position with respect to foreground and background are establishes by actual or suggested lines converging on the horizon.

43
Q

Aqueduct

A

Bridges for conveying/carrying water to city.

44
Q

Coffers

A

A box for holding money or other valuable things.

45
Q

Tempera

A

Pigments mixed with egg yolks used for painting; also used to describe paintings that have used this medium.

46
Q

Tetrarch

A

Rule by 4; Roman Empire = governor of 1/4 divisions of country or province.

47
Q

Mandoria

A

An almond shaped area of light - usually around Christ.

48
Q

Apse

A

Domed or vaulted semicircular or polygonal recess, esp. on east side of church.

49
Q

Orant

A

Praying figures, raising arms in ancient attitude of prayer.

50
Q

Basilica

A

A Roman building, used for public administration, have large rectangular central nave with an aisle on each side and an apse at the end.

51
Q

Nave

A

The central space in a church

52
Q

Icons

A

Images in Greek; a picture, representation; small & portable Byzantine icons.

53
Q

Iconoclasm

A

Deconstruction of sacred images.

54
Q

Minibar

A

Pulpit in mosque where the imam (prayer leader) stands to deliver sermons.

55
Q

Minaret

A

A tall, thin tower of a mosque with a balcony from which people are called to prayer; tallest = Sinan.

56
Q

Mausoleum

A

Monumental tombs.

57
Q

Mihrab

A

A niche or chamber of a mosque which indicates the direction of Mecca.

58
Q

Ewer

A

A type of pitcher or jug shaped like a base a used in the past for holding water.

59
Q

Madrasa

A

A “place of study”; buildings used to teach Islamic theology and religious law - usually has mosque.

60
Q

Cloisonné

A

Technique that is a mix between stained glass and mosaics.

61
Q

Urnes Style

A

Last phase of Scandinavian/Viking period; characterized by slim and stylized animals interwoven into tight patterns.

62
Q

Illuminated Manuscript

A

From Christian Church (essentially NT manuscripts); manuscript where text is highly decorated (initials, boarders, etc).

63
Q

Westwork

A

Carolingian art; monumental western front to church, tower like.

64
Q

Reliquary

A

A container for relics like remains of saints, sacred items, etc.

65
Q

Codex

A

A manuscript book of Scripture, classics, or ancient annals.

66
Q

Baptistery

A

A part of a church or separate building used for baptism.

67
Q

Trumeau

A

A pillar dividing a large doorway in a church.

68
Q

Cloister

A

“Enclosed place”; monks and nuns live; covered path with arches on side of building.

69
Q

Tympanum

A

A vertical recessed triangular space forming the center of a pediment, typically decorated.

70
Q

Flamboyant

A

Denoting style of late French gothic architecture; flamelike tracery and ornate decoration; originally negative term.

71
Q

Hammurabi

A

1st King of Babylonian Empire; took over Mesopotamia; Code of Hammurabi - first written codes of law in history.

72
Q

King Minos

A

Legendary King of Crete; son of Zues.

73
Q

King Agamemnon

A

Greek mythology; King of Mycenae; commanded Greek army into Trojan War.

74
Q

Imhotep

A

Pre-Dynastic Period; First recorded artist & royal builder for King Djoser; built first pyramid.

75
Q

Pharaoh Khufu

A

Old (and greatest) Kingdom of Egypt; Built Great Pyramids at Giza.

76
Q

Queen Hatshepsut

A

5th Emperor of New Kingdom of Egypt; Often dressed like a man and regarded as “her majesty”; 8 statues of her @ temple in Thebes (new capital).

77
Q

Ramses II

A

Egypt’s last great warrior pharaoh; ruled for 66 years; 4 pillar statues on facade of temple.

78
Q

Amenhotep

A

Claimed to be the son and sole,prophet of Aton (the god identified with the sun disc); creates Armana style

79
Q

Nefertiti

A

Wife of Amenhotep: name means “the beautiful one is here”

80
Q

King Tutankhamen

A

Ruled during New Kingdom; King Tut; 1922 discovery of his tomb - burial mask.

81
Q

Cleopatra

A

Big nose; last a pharaoh of Ancient Egypt; married to Mark Anthony; from Ptolemy family.

82
Q

Daedalus

A

Greek mythological craftsmen and artisan who created the Labyrinth.

83
Q

Polykleitos

A

Greek sculptor known for bronze and marble statues of athletes; “Spear Bearer”; created the standard of perfection (8:1); ideal correlations among body parts.

84
Q

Pericles

A

In charge of military during Peloponnesian Wars; The Acropolis of Pericles in Athens includes Pantheon, Temple of Athena, etc.

85
Q

Lord Elgin

A

Transported sculptures from Pantheon to Britain (Ottomans allowed him to) from 1799 to 1803.

86
Q

Nike

A

Goddess of Victory; deity of Greek pantheon.

87
Q

Lysippos

A

Greek sculptor, 1/3 great sculptors of Classical Greek Era; personal sculptor to Alexander the Great; example of rejecting stability.

88
Q

Laocoon

A

Trojan priest killed with his sons by two sea servants after warning the Trojans against the wooden horse.

89
Q

Augustus

A

Founder of Roman Empire and first Emperor; start of Pax Romana; sculptures/busts for propaganda.

90
Q

Nero

A

Extravagant life; builds octagonal hall of Domus Aurea (Golden House); persecuted Christians. 64 AD Great Fire of Rome; last emperor in Julio-Claudian dynasty.

91
Q

Vespasian

A

Roman general who built Colosseum; self portrait to contrast Nero.

92
Q

Titus

A

Roman emperor of Flavian Dynasty; Arch of Titus represents triumph over Jerusalem in 70 AD.

93
Q

Trajan

A

Declared by senate as “Optimus princess” (the best ruler); Spanish; popular; successful; built lots of cities.

94
Q

Apollodorus of Damascus

A

Greek engineer, architect, designer, and sculptor from Syria; favorite of Trajan; Forum Trajanum, Trajan’s Column, architect of Pantheon.

95
Q

Hadrian

A

Roman emperor; rebuilt Pantheon (3rd version) & Temple of Venus and Roma; built Hadrian’s Wall

96
Q

Diocletian

A

One of biggest Christian persecutors of Late Empire; appointed tetrarchy.

97
Q

Constantine

A

First Christian Roman emperor; edict of Milan - ends Christian persecution; called First Council of Nicaea; Arch of Constantine; built new imperial residence in Byzantine called New Rome - eventually called Constantinople.

98
Q

Muhammad

A

Native of Mecca; final prophet; founder of Islam

99
Q

Empower Justinian

A

Byzantine Emperor; hoped to restore Empire; last emperor to speak Latin - considered “Last Roman”.

100
Q

Charlemagne

A

Founded Carolingian Empire; Pope Leo III crowned him Holy Roman Emperor of Europe.

101
Q

Otto III

A

Son of Otto II and Byzantine princess; Holy Roman Emporer.

102
Q

William the Conquerer

A

First Norman King of England; conquered England.

103
Q

Hildegard

A

German writer, composer, philosopher; picture of her receiving vision & dictating to scribe and secretary;

104
Q

Gerard of Cologne

A

Cologne Cathedral; window - composed of multi-colored glass pieces.

105
Q

Nicholas of Verdun

A

French artist/leading figure in Romanesque art; shrine of Three Kings (relic containing bones of 3 wise men) at Cologne Cathedral.

Art Appreciation (1 decks)

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