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Bio Psych > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Resting potential

A

Resting potential of a neuron is negative

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2
Q

Membrane potential

A

Membrane potential of a neuron is negative
Hyperpolarization= more negative
Depolarisation= more positive

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3
Q

Action potential

A

Burst of rapid depolarization followed by hyperpolarization that spreads along the axon of the neuron

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4
Q

Ion

A

Charged particle
Cation= positive
Anion= negative

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5
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration

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6
Q

Electrostatic pressure

A

The attractive force of atomic particles charged with opposite signs

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7
Q

K+

A

Potassium ions, mostly inside neuron

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8
Q

A-

A

Organic anions, inside neuron

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9
Q

CI-

A

Chloride ions, mostly outside neuron

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10
Q

Na+

A

Sodium ions, mostly outside neuron

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11
Q

Permeability

A

Number of open ion channels

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12
Q

All or none law

A

Once an action potential is triggered near the soma, it is propagated at the same strength to the end of the axon

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13
Q

Rate law

A

Variations in the intensity of a stimulus being transmitted in an axon

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14
Q

Myelin

A

Wrapped around axons in segments

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15
Q

Modes of ranvier

A

Gaps between the segments

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16
Q

Postsynaptic receptors

A

Special protein molecules which contain binding sites for a neurotransmitter

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17
Q

Iontropic

A

A receptor that contains a binding site for a neurotransmitter and an ion channel that opens up when a molecule of neurotransmitter attaches to the binding site

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18
Q

Metabotropic

A

A receptor that contains a binding site for a neurotransmitter; activated an enzyme that begins a series of events that opens an ion channel elsewhere in the membrane of the cell when the neurotransmitter binding occurs

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19
Q

Sulci

A

Small grooves

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20
Q

Fissures

A

Large grooves

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21
Q

Gyri

A

Bulges in between grooves

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22
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Occipital lobe, sight

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23
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Temporal lobe, sound

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24
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Parietal lobe, pressure, touch and pain

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25
Insular cortex
Taste
26
Primary motor cortex
Posterior frontal lobe, movement control
27
Premotor cortex
Motor association cortex. It helps control the primary motor cortex
28
Prefrontal cortex
Planning and strategy
29
Basal ganglia
Nuclei subcritical to the cerebral cortex which forms part of the motor system (control of movement)
30
Limbic system
Widespread group of brain nuclei Includes the amygdala (emotion processing) and the hippocampus (learning and memory processes)
31
Thalamus
A relay station, projecting information to different parts of the cerebral cortex
32
Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
Visual
33
Medial geniculate nucleus
Auditory
34
Ventrolateral nucleus
Motor
35
Hypothalamus
Controls the automatic nervous system and the endocrine system to help organise survival behaviours
36
Forebrain
Telencephalon and diencephalon
37
Midbrain
Mesencephalon
38
Hindbrain
Metencephalon and myelencephalon
39
Tectum
The dorsal (back) part of the mesencephalon. Contains the superior colliculi (visual system/visual reflexes) and the inferior colliculi (auditory system)
40
Tegmentun
Contains reticular formation (sleep, viral reflexes, muscle tone, etc), the PAG (species typical movements/behvaiour for survival), the red nucleus and substantial nigra (motor system, Parkinson’s disease)
41
Hindbrain
Metencephalon and myelencephalon
42
Cerebellum
An integrator involved in motor control and smooth, coordinated movement
43
Pons
Big lump on brain stem. Contains part of the reticular formation and acts as a relay between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex.
44
Medulla oblingata
Contains part of the reticular formation, specifically nuclei that control vital functions such as regulation of the cardiovascular system
45
Dorsal root
The spinal root that contains incoming sensory fibres
46
Ventral root
The spinal root that contains outgoing motor fibres
47
Generalisation
A general conclusion based on many observations of similar phenomena
48
Reduction
A phenomenon is described in terms of the more elementary processes that underline it
49
Dualism
The belief that the body is physical, but the mind is not
50
Monism
The belief that the world consists only of matter and energy and that the mind is a phenomenon produced by the workings of a nervous system
51
Neoteny
A slowing if the process of maturation, allowing more time for growth
52
Neurons contain:
Soma (cell body), dendrites, axon, terminal buttons
53
Soma
Contains the nucleus of the cell and the machinery involved in the life process of the cell
54
Membrane
Made of double layer of lipid (fat like) molecules Protein molecules embedded in membrane
55
Nucleus
Contains the chromosomes, chromosomes contain dna
56
Dendrites
Help individual neurons talk with one another
57
Synapse
Neural messages are transmitted from neuron to neuron across the synapse (synaptic cleft)
58
Axoplasmic transport
Items are moved around the cell
59
Anterograde transport
Movement from cell body to terminal buttons
60
Retrograde transport
Movement from the terminal buttons to the cell body
61
Myelin sheath
Fatty substance that works as an insulator of the action potential
62
Terminal buttons
Located at the end of an axon
63
Neurotransmitter
Secrete a chemical into the synapse

Bio Psych (1 decks)

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