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Bio Psych > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Resting potential

A

Resting potential of a neuron is negative

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2
Q

Membrane potential

A

Membrane potential of a neuron is negative
Hyperpolarization= more negative
Depolarisation= more positive

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3
Q

Action potential

A

Burst of rapid depolarization followed by hyperpolarization that spreads along the axon of the neuron

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4
Q

Ion

A

Charged particle
Cation= positive
Anion= negative

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5
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration

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6
Q

Electrostatic pressure

A

The attractive force of atomic particles charged with opposite signs

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7
Q

K+

A

Potassium ions, mostly inside neuron

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8
Q

A-

A

Organic anions, inside neuron

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9
Q

CI-

A

Chloride ions, mostly outside neuron

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10
Q

Na+

A

Sodium ions, mostly outside neuron

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11
Q

Permeability

A

Number of open ion channels

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12
Q

All or none law

A

Once an action potential is triggered near the soma, it is propagated at the same strength to the end of the axon

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13
Q

Rate law

A

Variations in the intensity of a stimulus being transmitted in an axon

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14
Q

Myelin

A

Wrapped around axons in segments

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15
Q

Modes of ranvier

A

Gaps between the segments

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16
Q

Postsynaptic receptors

A

Special protein molecules which contain binding sites for a neurotransmitter

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17
Q

Iontropic

A

A receptor that contains a binding site for a neurotransmitter and an ion channel that opens up when a molecule of neurotransmitter attaches to the binding site

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18
Q

Metabotropic

A

A receptor that contains a binding site for a neurotransmitter; activated an enzyme that begins a series of events that opens an ion channel elsewhere in the membrane of the cell when the neurotransmitter binding occurs

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19
Q

Sulci

A

Small grooves

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20
Q

Fissures

A

Large grooves

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21
Q

Gyri

A

Bulges in between grooves

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22
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Occipital lobe, sight

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23
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Temporal lobe, sound

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24
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Parietal lobe, pressure, touch and pain

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25
Q

Insular cortex

A

Taste

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26
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Posterior frontal lobe, movement control

27
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Motor association cortex. It helps control the primary motor cortex

28
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Planning and strategy

29
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Nuclei subcritical to the cerebral cortex which forms part of the motor system (control of movement)

30
Q

Limbic system

A

Widespread group of brain nuclei
Includes the amygdala (emotion processing) and the hippocampus (learning and memory processes)

31
Q

Thalamus

A

A relay station, projecting information to different parts of the cerebral cortex

32
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

A

Visual

33
Q

Medial geniculate nucleus

A

Auditory

34
Q

Ventrolateral nucleus

A

Motor

35
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls the automatic nervous system and the endocrine system to help organise survival behaviours

36
Q

Forebrain

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

37
Q

Midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

38
Q

Hindbrain

A

Metencephalon and myelencephalon

39
Q

Tectum

A

The dorsal (back) part of the mesencephalon. Contains the superior colliculi (visual system/visual reflexes) and the inferior colliculi (auditory system)

40
Q

Tegmentun

A

Contains reticular formation (sleep, viral reflexes, muscle tone, etc), the PAG (species typical movements/behvaiour for survival), the red nucleus and substantial nigra (motor system, Parkinson’s disease)

41
Q

Hindbrain

A

Metencephalon and myelencephalon

42
Q

Cerebellum

A

An integrator involved in motor control and smooth, coordinated movement

43
Q

Pons

A

Big lump on brain stem. Contains part of the reticular formation and acts as a relay between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex.

44
Q

Medulla oblingata

A

Contains part of the reticular formation, specifically nuclei that control vital functions such as regulation of the cardiovascular system

45
Q

Dorsal root

A

The spinal root that contains incoming sensory fibres

46
Q

Ventral root

A

The spinal root that contains outgoing motor fibres

47
Q

Generalisation

A

A general conclusion based on many observations of similar phenomena

48
Q

Reduction

A

A phenomenon is described in terms of the more elementary processes that underline it

49
Q

Dualism

A

The belief that the body is physical, but the mind is not

50
Q

Monism

A

The belief that the world consists only of matter and energy and that the mind is a phenomenon produced by the workings of a nervous system

51
Q

Neoteny

A

A slowing if the process of maturation, allowing more time for growth

52
Q

Neurons contain:

A

Soma (cell body), dendrites, axon, terminal buttons

53
Q

Soma

A

Contains the nucleus of the cell and the machinery involved in the life process of the cell

54
Q

Membrane

A

Made of double layer of lipid (fat like) molecules
Protein molecules embedded in membrane

55
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the chromosomes, chromosomes contain dna

56
Q

Dendrites

A

Help individual neurons talk with one another

57
Q

Synapse

A

Neural messages are transmitted from neuron to neuron across the synapse (synaptic cleft)

58
Q

Axoplasmic transport

A

Items are moved around the cell

59
Q

Anterograde transport

A

Movement from cell body to terminal buttons

60
Q

Retrograde transport

A

Movement from the terminal buttons to the cell body

61
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fatty substance that works as an insulator of the action potential

62
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Located at the end of an axon

63
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Secrete a chemical into the synapse

Bio Psych (1 decks)

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