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Gender in Society > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

Sex

A

Physical differences. Sex is what you are born with

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2
Q

Gender

A

Refers to masculinity and femininity. How you portray yourself

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3
Q

Distinction

A

Describes efforts to distinguish one’s own group from others

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4
Q

Masculinity

A

usually characteristics of men or boys

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5
Q

Femininity

A

Usually characteristics of women or girls

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6
Q

Culture

A

The arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group

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7
Q

Gender binary

A

The idea that there are only two types of people masculine (assigned male at birth) and feminine (assigned female at birth)

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8
Q

Intersex

A

Describes bodies with reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t fit the typical definitions of female or male

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9
Q

Gender identity

A

A subjective sense of one’s own gender

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10
Q

Gender expression

A

How a person publicly expresses or presents their gender

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11
Q

Transgender

A

People whose gender identity is different from the sex they were assigned at birth

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12
Q

Cisgender

A

A person who identifies with the sex given to them at birth

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13
Q

Non-binary

A

A gender category that encompasses people who are either north man and woman or neither

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14
Q

Ungendering

A

Without gender, not gendered

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15
Q

Gender ideologies

A

Widely shared beliefs about how men and women are and should be

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16
Q

Social construct

A

An arbitrary but influential shared interpretation of reality.
Doesnt really exist, but is made through human interaction

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17
Q

Social construction

A

a theory that knowledge and many aspects of the world around us are not real in and of themselves

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18
Q

Gender binary glasses

A

A pair of lenses that separates everything we see into masculine and feminine categories

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19
Q

Associative memory

A

A phenomenon where our cells in the brain that process and transmit information make literal connections between concepts, such that some ideas are associated with other ideas

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20
Q

Stereotypes

A

Fixed oversimplified and distorted ideas about what people are like

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21
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

Degrees of difference in appearance and behavior between males and females of a species

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22
Q

Priming

A

A trick in which study subjects are reminded of a stereotype right before the test

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23
Q

Socialization

A

The process of social influence a person acquires through the subculture or culture of the group, which shapes the personality

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24
Q

Learned differences

A

Those differences that are a result of our familial or sociocultural environment

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25
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism
26
Phenotype
An individual’s observable traits (height, eye color, blood type)
27
Genes
A set of instructions for building and maintaining our bodies
28
Hormones
Messengers in a chemical communication system
29
Biocultural interaction
How our bodies respond to our cultural environment and vice versa
30
Naturalism
The idea that biology affects our behavior independently of our environment
31
Culturalism
The idea that we are “blank slates” that become who we are purely through learning and socialization
32
Intersectionality
A framework for conceptualizing a person, group of people, or social problem as affected by a number of discriminations and disadvantages
33
Normative standard
Rules or expectations that are socially enforced
34
Forager societies
(Hunter-gatherer societies) Contain people who survive by collecting naturally occurring resources and share social and cultural traits
35
King groups
Groups with one person in power
36
Nuclear family
A group of people who are United by ties of partnership and parenthood and consisting of a pair of adults and their socially recognized children
37
Doing gender
A phrase used to describe the ways in which we actively obey and break gender rules
38
Sex category
The assumed biological category, regardless of the individuals gender identification
39
Gender rules
Instructions for how to appear and behave as a man or woman
40
Gender as performance/ display
People learn how to behave in particular ways to fit society’s idea of their gender
41
Cultural traveling
Moving from one culture or subculture context to another and sometimes back
42
Learning model of socialization
A model that suggests that socialization is a lifelong process of learning and relearning gender expectations and how to negotiate them
43
Gender policing
A response to the violation of gender rules aimed at exacting conformity
44
Accountability
An obligation to explain why we don’t follow social rules that other people think we should know and obey
45
Account
An explanation for why a person broke a gender rule that would excuse their behavior
46
Social identities
A culturally available and socially constructed category of people in which we place ourselves or where others place us
47
Privilege
Unequal social and economic advantage based on our location in a social hierarchy
48
Power
An entity or individuals ability to control or direct others
49
Gender strategy
Finding a way of doing gender that works for us a unique individuals who are also shaped by other parts of our identity
50
Race
A socially meaningful set or distinctions based on superficial and imagined biological differences
51
Racism
Social arrangements designed to systematically advantage one race over others
52
Marking
The act of applying a label to highlight an execption
53
Unmarked category
“The normal”
54
Heteronormativity
Designed on the assumption that everyone is heterosexual
55
Homonormativity
A practice of obeying all gender norms except the ones about sexual partners
56
Heterosexism
Individual and institutional bias against sexual minorities
57
Homophobia
A range of negative attitudes and feelings toward homosexuality, or people who are lesbian, gay, or bisexual
58
Sexual orientation
An enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction (or a combination) to the opposite, same gender or sex, both sexes or more than one gender
59
Compulsory heterosexuality
Rule that says the women like men and men like women
60
Xenophobia
Fear or prejudice of something perceived as foreign or other
61
Class
A group of people in society who posses the same socioeconomic status
62
Classism
A form of prejudice against people of lower socioeconomic status
63
Ableism
Individual and institutional biases that deny critical resources to different able bodies
64
Ageism
An institutional preference of the young and cultural association of aging with decreased social value
65
Patriarchy
“Rule of the father” refers to the control of female and younger male family members by select adult men or patriarchs
66
Modified patriarchy
Societies where women have been granted formal gender equality but the patriarchal conflation of power with men remains an essential part of daily life
67
Androcentrism
The granting of higher status, respect, value, reward, and power to masculine compared to feminine
68
Subordination
The placing of women into positions that make them dependent on men
69
Hegemony
State of collective consent to inequality that is secured by the idea that it is inevitably natural or desirable
70
Hegemonic masculinity
A type of masculinity performance, idealized by the majority that functions to justify and naturalize gender inequality
71
Male flight
A phenomenon in which men abandon feminine areas of life
72
Exculpatory chauvinism
A phenomenon where negative characteristics ascribed to men are presented as natural and offered as acceptable justifications of men’s dominance over women
73
Hierarchy of masculinity
A rough ranking of men from most to least masculine with the assumption that more masc. is always better
74
Emasculation
A loss of masculinity
75
Precarious masculinity
The idea that manhood is more difficult to earn and easier to lose than femininity
76
Compensatory masculinity
The idea that men who are insecure about their masculinity will behave in an extremely masculine way as compensation
77
Colorism
A form of discrimination, typically within a racial or ethnic group, favoring people with lighter skin over ppl with darker skin
78
Hypermasculinity
Extreme conformity to the more aggressive rules of masculinity
79
Toxic masculinity
Enactments of masculinities that are harmful both to the men who enact them and to the people around them
80
Patriarchal bargain
The strategies women employ to gain a greater degree of security and autonomy within the bounds of their sex based oppression
81
Hybrid masculinities
The use of aspects of marginalized gender expressions in the gender performance or identity of privileged men
82
Feminine apologetic
When girls and women act and dress in feminine ways while posing for sports to compensate for the masculinity of sport
83
Pariah families
Outsiders in society
84
Benevolent sexism
A subtler form of sexism expressed in a seemingly positive way
85
Hostile sexism
Aims to preserve men’s dominance over women’s by underlining men’s power
86
Aggrieved entitlement
The sense that benefits that you believe you are entitled to get snatched away from you by unforeseen forces larger and more power
87
Misogyny
Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women
88
Victim blaming
When the victim of a crime or accident is held accountable for what happened to them
89
Emphasized feminity
A socially approved model of femininity that positions women as inferior to men
90
Gender equivocation
A phenomenon that explains the tendency of women to switch between emphasized femininity and emphasized sameness when the situation requires one of them
91
Double bind
A dilemma in communication in which an individual (or group) receives from a single source conflicting messages that allow no appropriate response to be made (Ex. Women being told they got married too young or too old)
92
Feminism
The belief that women and men should have equal opportunities in economic, political, and social life
93
Matrix of domination
A theoretical approach that explores the interlocking systems of oppression in terms of race, gender, class, and other social categories faced by marginalized or othered people
94
Black feminism
Centers on the experiences of African American women, Understanding Intersectionality between racism, sexism and classism, as well as other social identities
95
Multicultural feminism
Recognizes the need to include diversity of women’s voices
96
Gaslighting
A type of psychological abuse aimed at making victims, seem or feel crazy, creating a surreal interpersonal environment
97
Intimate partner violence (IPV)
Abuse or aggression that occurs in a romantic relationship

Gender in Society (1 decks)

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