Midterm Flashcards
Social construction
concept, idea, institution that is created by social agreement for a purpose
Race gender, sexuality, ability, and class are…
- Social constructions
- Socially and historically located
- Organizing principles of society
- Axes of inequality
- Intersecting and interacting frameworks
Disadvantage
- Oppression
- Double bind
- Double standard
what are the Five Faces of oppression
- Exploitation
- Marginalization
- Cultural imperialism
- Powerlessness
- Violence
Exploitation
the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work.
- Using someone for their work
- Ex. sweat shops, working class
Marginalization
treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral
- Creation of poverty
- Ex. disabled peoples, ethnicity, elderly
Powerlessness
being without the power to do something or prevent something from happening
- Do not have a seat at the table where decisions are being made
- Ex. There has never been a woman as president
Cultural Imperialism
the exercise of domination in cultural relationships in which the values, practices, and meanings of a powerful foreign culture are imposed upon one or more native cultures.
- One culture dominates another culture
- Ex. Religion
- Norms vs. Othering (dominate group versus other groups)
Violence
Individuals targeted for their identity, including state violence
- Ex. Hate crimes, gay bashing, death penalty
Collins Three levels/dimensions of inequality
- Institutional
- Individual
- Symbolic
Institutional
arrangement/system that is larger than all parts
- Sui generis – greater than all of its parts
- Arrangements of economy
- Arrangement of political power
Symbolic
non-material culture
- Level of ideas/concepts
- Stereotypes
Individuals
- Impacted by institutional and symbolic stereotypes
- Individuals view institutions through symbolic stereotypes
o “Some people don’t work hard enough”
are collins levels independent or intersectional?
intersectional
What are King’s two ways that a law might be unjust?
- on it’s face
- in it’s application
- On its FACE
you look at the law and think “that’s not right”
a. Is one group disadvantaged to another
- In its application
law looking right on its face, but when you look into it, it’s unjust
ex. death penalty
What are Collin’s three steps toward a new vision?
- Recognition of differences in power and privilege
- Recognition of common causes
- Recognition of each other’s (full) humanity/Building empathy
What are kings four steps toward non-violent justice making?
- Collection of facts
- Negotiation
- Self-purification
a. Wearing suits, looking professionally, be respectable - Direct action
What is Justice?
a goal and a process
what is a dandy?
- “has historically referred to a man who is meticulously dressed and self-consciously uses clothing to claim a social status denied to him because he was born poor or working class”
How does blackness impact be a dandy?
- two aims: to resist the dehumanization of Black people and to redeem Blackness through an autonomous set of social standards
What about being a Black Muslim dandy?
- Dressing like a “grown man” means returning to the styles of the men who preceded them, which includes inspiring figures like fathers and uncles and the “suited and booted” men of the Nation of Islam as well as stylish Black men who are on the other side of the moral spectrum such as pimps and hustlers
Fads v. Fashion
- Fads
o Sudden rise
o Sudden fall
o Unconnected to previous fads
Ex. poison in candy, silly bands - Fashion
o Often slower movement
o Connected to previous fashion
o Driven by distinction (fads not restrictive)
Ex. sweatpants during COVID
Innovations v. Fashion
- Innovations
o Alter social practices in deeper, more long-lasting ways
o Implies improvement
o They tend to “stick around”
Ex. better camera on phone, faster car - Fashion
o Do not progress in a linear way
o Not about improvement
Fashion v. Style
- Style
o A lasting cultural reference
o “punk style”
o “a combination of silhouette, construction, fabric, and details that exists, and which thus can be used, over time” - Fashion
o More specific than style
o Style is not a fashion but may be subject to fashions
Larger umbrella of style - Fashions may go out of style, but style never goes out of fashion
Fashion v. Trends
- Trends
o A general direction - Fashion
o Specific expression of that direction
Diffusion of Fashion
- Elites - > adopt a fashion
- Non elites -> pile on the elites, adopt the elites fashion
o Elites leave onto a new fashion then non elites adapt again
Expressions of the diffusion of fashion
- People must have the chance to make choices (relatively unfeathered from laws) must be capable to enact choices
- Fashion diffuses into collective selection, fashion comes first then distinction and imitation of classes – Blumer (fashion doesn’t always come from elites)
The production of fashion
- Who
o Interplay of art and commerce – Blumer
o Field of work -Bourdieu
o Collective action – Becker - How
o Organization
Fashion magazine, fashion housing, fashion schools, etc.
o Manufacturing
Fashion one of the first to be industrialized, global supply
o Environment
Moral and ethical fashion
cool hunter
someone who predicts the next big trend
The consumption of fashion
- Class and identity
- Economic impact
- The impact of meaning
- Body, gender, and ethnicity
Takeaway toward a theory
- Fashion can be influenced but not imposed
- Fashion depends on distinction
- Fashion is as a process
- Fashion is relational
- Fashion is inclusive and exclusive
- Fashion is public
- Fashion is “an unplanned process of recurrent change against a backdrop of order in the public realm”
Fashion History
- Babies first haircut is scary for them, so parents left it longs
- Babies wore dresses since it was easy to grow into and lasted longer than normal clothing.
- 1927 Some companies though pink for boys and blue for girls
- High heels originally made for men who were high class
- 1970s dual working force homes
o Young girls with carpenter sets
o Young boys with kitchen ware
o Gender neutral clothing - 1980s
o Children’s television
o Nintendo markets for male audience
o Toy allies are separated from girls and boys - Women and men have buttons on different sides since it is assumed that women will dress the men
4 ways of performing gender
o 3 body
Shape
* Preparing the body for a job
Dress
* How you dress to the interview
o Women dress up a lot while men do not
Walk
* Doing the job
o 1 self
Performance
Politics of Respectability
- Came from Black women’s clubs
- Symbolic
- Self-purification
- Racial uplift
- Jezebel – stereotyped
Characteristics of oppression
- Pervasive
- Restrictive
o Restricts choices and restricts ability to enact those choices - Hierarchical
o Groups being advantaged - Internalized
o Difficulties finding something for you
Ex. trans clothing, black band-aids - Intersectional
Three steps toward a new vision’
- Recognition of difference in power and privilege
- Recognition of common causes
- Recognition of each other’s (full) humanity/building empathy
