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ITS 101 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

According to Montanari (Food is Culture), what is the sequence from fire to civilization?

A

Fire brought us to cooking, cooking brought us to kitchen, and cuisine to civilization

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2
Q

Who was Brillat Saverin? Why is he important?

A

Brillat Savarin was the first gastronome in Europe.

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3
Q

What are the etymologies of
NATURE, CULTURE and
AGRICULTURE? Why are they
interesting? What do they show us?
(Food is Culture)

A

Nature stems from NATUS + NASCERE
Culture stems from COLERE + Cultura
Agriculture stems from Ager + Cultura

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4
Q

Give at least one example of how
the same food can be considered
NATURE and CULTURE (Montanari
Food is Culture)

A

Banana bread

The banana is the nature & culture is the making into banana bread

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5
Q

According to Montanari: TRADITION is a SUCCESSFUL INNOVATION. Please explain this concept.

What is the position of CULTURE between tradition and innovation?

A

“Tradition is a successful innovation” means, tradition is made up of knowledge techniques & values which were handed down to us.

Culture is the bridge between tradition and innovation.

Jewish bagel or hotdog from Germany

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6
Q

The agricultural revolution.

Briefly reconstruct the agricultural revolution thinking about WHO, WHERE, WHEN, WHY and its CONSEQUENCES.

A

WHO: God -> men -> plants/animals

WHERE: Mesopotamia

WHEN: 10.000 B.C -> Neolithic/agricultural revolution

WHY: Nomadic -> Hunting society to a sedentary production

CONSEQUENCES: modern civilization

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7
Q

From fire to civilization.

Briefly explains the different steps that brought humanity from the discovery of Fire to Civilizations

A

Fire led to cooking, which led to the kitchen and then led to civilization

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8
Q

What are the “grains of civilization”?

A

Sorghum from Africa, Corn from America, Rice from Asia & wheat from Europe

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9
Q

What is the different between BREAD EATERS and LOTUS EATERS?

A

“bread eaters” work on the land and cultivate. refers to the greeks

“lotus eaters” are passive and refers to a people who spends their time indulging in pleasure and luxury rather than dealing with practical concerns

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10
Q

What is the difference between
PANE NERO and PANE BIANCO?
(white and “whole grains” bread)

(Food and culture)

A

PANE NERO is today and PANE BIANCO is the past

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11
Q

What are the 4 reasons most of the healthy eating campaigns and against “junk food” failed?

(Anderson Food and Medicine)

A

First, such campaigns are usually preachy. Young people everywhere hate to be preached to, yet young people are the ones who most need the message.

Second, such campaigns are usually phrased strictly in terms of health—especially the health of old people. They do not address the fact that people choose foods for many other reasons.

Third, the campaigns tend to nest in health and social welfare agencies, not in food markets or shopping areas.

Fourth, the campaigns are rarely very visible in the schools.

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12
Q

What did successful campaign do to reach the public about the
importance of healthy food/”eating well”?

A

they showed the affects that non healthy food had on the body

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13
Q

What are the main association of wine with today’s American and
Italian society?

A

gender circumstance, fancy, geography, different wines = different social status

Italian society to enhance the meal & pair w/ food

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14
Q

What is the ancient journey of the VINE?

What is the first archeological evidence?

A

Zagreb Mountains (Neolithic) -> then greeks -> romans ??

The first evidence was a jar with red residue

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15
Q

Why was wine mainly for the upper classes for the ancient Egyptian civilization?

A

wine was difficult to cultivate and was imported so wine was only for the upper class

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16
Q

Why was the banquet organized by King Ashurnasirpal II of Assyria in the 9 century B.C imported when we study the history of the wine?

A

the inauguration of the new capital, Nimrud

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17
Q

What made wine for some of the ancient civilization mainly for the
Goods and the elites?

A

Wine was a symbol of power, prosperity and privilege

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18
Q

Which ancient civilization started an intensive cultivation of wine?
What were the consequences of it?

A

The Greeks & drinking in moderation

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19
Q

How was wine a symbol of civilization for the ancient Greeks?

A

wine everyone

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20
Q

What did it mean to drink as a greek?

A

Symbol of civilization that united the Greeks

[ moderation, symposium, & wine was like power: you need to know how to use it ]

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21
Q

Briefly reconstruct a SYMPOSIUM for the Greeks

A

A symposium is a ritualized drinking event in ancient Greece. Its name, “symposium,” literally refers to a “drinking together,” a hint forthe defining activity shared by participants of the symposium: the consumption of wine.

22
Q

Why formerly expensive foods (like white bread or sugar) changed their STATUS today?

(Anderson Food and Medicine)

A

because the industrial processing techniques have tricked people into thinking one type or food that is harder to process is bad for you compared to the food they want you to buy.

Today, with the brown forms more expensive, the nutritional beliefs have shifted; brown is good. In fact, white is less rich in nutrients but is more digestible. When white was expensive, digestibility counted for much Today, with brown more expensive, vitamin content gets featured.

23
Q

Why are formerly very cheap foods now very expensive or totally unavailable?

A

because of environmental devastation

24
Q

When did the reaction against processed food start in Europe and the in USA?

What was the “health food movement” manly committed to?

A

the late 18th century to the early 19th century
&
the “health food movement” manly committed to whole grains and vegetarianism

25
Q

Why did Sylvester Graham- inventor of the graham cracker (19 century) in the States - invent them?

What is ironic about the same Graham cracker today?

A

He taught that people should live largely on Graham flour: the whole wheat grain, bran and all, ground into meal. This and pure water were close to an adequate diet.

Ironically, Graham invented the graham cracker to go against processed foods like white flour and sugar.

26
Q

What are the two factors behind
the rise of the so called “Junk food” according to Anderson?

A

First, it is seen as AMERICAN.

Second, it is CHEAP to make and store.

27
Q

What does/did giant food corporation do in the food market in order for the “junk food” industry to grow?

A

Price, convenience and lobbyism that made sure that “junk food” wasn’t banned

28
Q

What was the problem with”
Incarparina”, the nutritional
Guatemal supplement? And what
happened to it when it was
promoted as an “elite food”?

A

Incarparina was sold or given away as a food for the poor. Once it was promoted as elite food it was super successful

29
Q

What is the perfectly balanced
and temperate food? Can you give some examples?

A

the perfectly balanced and temperate food is cooked grain, around five hundred calories per pound.

30
Q

For how long did the
Ippocrate/Galenic system last in
Europe?

A

eighteen hundred years

???

31
Q

What is the country/cuisine today
that still follow more closely the
hot/cold theories of
Ippocrate/Galeno and their Near
Eastern scholars who followed
them?

A

china

32
Q

What was for Ippocrate, “the great cure of all”?

A

food was the great cure for all, but specifically thin barley broth

33
Q

What is the meaning of DIET
looking at its original usage and
etymology?

A

Diet comes from the word, Dietetic, which is the science behind dieting.

Dieta, greek word, means a way of life

34
Q

Can you give some examples of
food that respected the logic of
EQUILIBRIUM for food in ancient
times?

A

equalibrium means that combining foods of different conditions for balance.

Figs are “wet” & prosciutto is “dry” to keep the balance of equilibrium with food

35
Q

What is the connection between
the HUMORS of Galeno and modern psychology?

A

Galeno saw the humors as an indicator of personality. He believed there was a physical reason for mental disorders, and that it relates to humors

36
Q

What is the connection between
the four principles/elements of the world of the ancient philosophers and HEALTH?

What are the 4 CONDITIONS?

define HUMORS.

A

the 4 elements of the world are water, fire, earth and air

conditions:
HOT (fire)
COLD (air)
DRY (earth)
WET (water)

Their interaction produces four body fluids, called “humors.”

humors :
hot & dry = blood
Hot & wet = phlegm
Cold & wet = bile
Cold & dry = black bile.

37
Q

Who were Ippocrate and Galeno?

Why food and medicine where
connected in the past?

What did Ipoocarate mean
when he said: “Let’s food be your
medicine”?

A

Galeno was the creator of galenic medicine. Ippocrate was a philosopher who preached do no harm

Food and medicine were connected in the past when you think about the humors and how a balance was needed to maintain health, and illnesses could relate back to needing
of a humor or another to bring holistic health

Ippocrate believed it was a way alleviates illnesses was to eat food that was good for what was ailing you.

38
Q

Define CUISINE and ANTICUISINE. Please give the Montanari definition of CUISINE and of ANTI-CUISINE

A

Anticuisine : “the rejection of cuisine represents a challenge to these values and has the same
meaning as the rejection of domesticated agriculture in the practice of food production.”

[ Cultural choice of no eating something. CULTURAL reason, not JUST personal ]

ex: no pork for Hebrews, can’t eat beef because of ideal reasons, allergies

CUISINE
Montanari’s definition: “ Cooking is the human activity par excellence: it is the act that transforms a product “from nature” into something profoundly different.”

cuisine comes from the Italian word cucina

cuisine: is the collection of different ingredients used for cooking in a culture

39
Q

CULINARY PREPARATIONS. Are
culinary preparation IDEOLOGICALLY NEURAL?

A

No because each culture will use different tools, traditions, and customs during cooking
food.

For example, Italians would prefer culinary preparation to be done in private to givefood. For example, Italians would prefer culinary preparation to be done in private to give a cook complete control, while Americans have open concept kitchens so cooking food isa cook complete control, while Americans have open concept kitchens so cooking food is an open social affair. Depending on the culture of food as well the food could havean open social affair. Depending on the culture of food as well the food could have
varying degrees of healthiness when it comes to ingredient usage.varying degrees of healthiness when it comes to ingredient

ex: melon + ham, cheese + pears, prosciutto + figs

40
Q

What is the title of Brillat Savarin
book? Why is the title significant?

A

The physiology of taste (1825)

Idk why the title is significant???

41
Q

What is substance and what is
circumstance (related to food)?

A

substance is nourishment

circumstance is defined in a fashion so autonomous as to conflict with the nutritive substance of the food in question.

42
Q

explain the galenic system

A

Galen created a full system which involves four conditions: hot, cold, wet, and dry.

Each is associated with the four elements of classic Greek science: fire, air, water, and earth.

43
Q

Donna Gabaccia: We are what we
eat. Please write a brief
summery/main points of the intro and conclusion of Donna Gabaccia book.

A

history as a spiral, exchange, identity, fear & curiosity

44
Q

Donna Gabaccia says that “if we are what we eat, Americans are______________________?

A

not a multi-ethnic nation but a nation of multi-ethnics

45
Q

What are consequences of the mass production of a food?

A

poor quality of food

46
Q

Why are FEAR and CURIOSITY two
important traits of human beings?

A

food fuels ways of curiosity

47
Q

Igiaba Scebo; Sausages. Please
summarized the story underlining
the main points and the connection
with Food and Identity (Scebo,
Sausages and class lectures)

A

Anyone can eat food but what do they choose to eat it when they do, he was a Muslim
man, living in Rome who decided he wanted to go buy sausages- the lady noticed heman, living in Rome who decided he wanted to go buy sausages- the lady noticed he
may have converted. Food is related to identity in the sense of what you do not eat may have converted. Food is related to identity in the sense of what you do not eat

48
Q

Everyone eats, Anderson. Who
developed our staple foods?

A

Great inventors, mostly unknown

49
Q

Are there any limits for possibile
dietary regimes? If so, which ones?

A

yes
* Biology
* Economics
* Psychology

50
Q

Why should we be worried about
understanding food ways?

A

So you understand the food system (Production, distribution, consumption) & Human Biology/culture

51
Q

What is it important to study in
order to understand food ways?

What is the FOOD SYSTEM?

A

FOOD WAYS :
870 million of people does
not have enough to eat!
&&
1 out of 7 people in the world
don’t have enough food.

FOOD SYSTEM is looking at production, distribution, and consumption as part of a single process.

ITS 101 (1 decks)

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