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Multicultural Psychology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Multicultural Psychology

A

Systematic study of
behavior, cognitions, and
affect in settings where
people of different
backgrounds interact

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2
Q

Culture

A

The values, beliefs, and
practices of a group of people,
shared through symbols, and passed
down from generation to
generation.

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3
Q

Descriptive Culture

A

specific behaviors & activities
associated w/ a culture

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4
Q

Normative Cultureq

A

rules that govern the behavior of a
group

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5
Q

Psychological Culture

A

behavioral processes, learning, &
problem solving

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6
Q

Structural Culture

A

reflects the organizational elements of
a culture

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7
Q

Historical Culture

A

a group’s heritage & traditions

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8
Q

Biological Concept of Race

A

group
of people who share a specific
combination of physical,
genetically inherited
characteristics that distinguish
them from other groups

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9
Q

Sociocultural concept of Race

A

characteristics, values, & behaviors
that have been associated w/
groups of people who share
different physical characteristics
serve the social purpose of
providing a way for outsiders to
view another group & for members
of a group to perceive themselves.

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10
Q

Intersectionality

A

Tmeaningful ways in which
various social statuses (e.g., race,
gender, social class) interact and
result in differing experiences with
oppression and privilege.

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11
Q

Culture Contact

A

ritical incidents in which
people from different cultures come
into social contact with one another
either
(a) by living and working with one
another on a daily basis, or
(b) through visiting other countries on
a temporary basis, such as for
business, tourism, or study.

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12
Q

Equality

A

assumes that everyone is equal,
such as everyone’s vote in an election
counts the same as everyone else’s vote

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13
Q

Equity

A

recognizes differences and
injustices and helps to provide remedies
for these injustices, such as by recognizing
the extra difficulties encountered by
students from poor backgrounds and
providing scholarships for them.

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14
Q

Eugenics

A

A movement that maintains
that only “good genes” should be
passed from generation to
generation and that “undesirable”
groups should be dissuaded from
reproducing.

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15
Q

Worldview

A

A worldview is a
psychological perception
of the world that
determines how we
think, behave, and feel.
It’s how 2 people can
react & interpret the
same situation differently

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16
Q

Etic Perspective

A

an attempt to build theories of human
behavior by examining commonalities across many cultures

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17
Q

Emic Perspective

A

an attempt to derive meaningful concepts
within one culture

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18
Q

Imposed Ethics

A

the imposition of one culture’s worldview on
another culture, assuming that one’s own worldviews are
universal.

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19
Q

Individualism

A

social pattern where individuals are
motivated by their own preferences, needs, & rights
when they come into conflict with those of a group

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20
Q

Collectivism

A

social pattern where individuals are
motivated by the group’s or collective’s preferences,
needs, and rights

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21
Q

Guilt

A

a prominent
negative emotion in
individualistic cultures
that involves an
individual’s sense of
personal regret for
having engaged in a
negative behavior

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22
Q

Shame

A

a prominent negative
emotion in collectivistic cultures
that involves an individual’s sense of
regret for having engaged in a
negative behavior that reflects badly
upon his or her family and/or upbringing.

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23
Q

Stereotype

A

A cognitive categorization
or generalization of people based on
some demographic characteristic.

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24
Q

Attribution Theory

A

A theory that attempts to determine
the cause of a behavior, two
dimensions:
- Internal-external: Who’s fault is it?
- Stable-unstable: How often does it happen

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25
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Tendency to overestimate character (internal,
stable) causes of behaviors and to underestimate
external causes of behaviors
What we “see” is the person, not always the
contextual factors

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26
Q

Ultimate Attribution Error

A

Tendency to ascribe the cause of a behavior to
personality characteristics of the group rather
than to an individual member.

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27
Q

illusory correlation

A

an overestimation of the co-occurrence of two
minority events;
if European Americans and Latinxs have engaged in the same percentage of shoplifting in the past, store managers and workers may feel that Latinxs engage in a greater amount of shoplifting (illusory correlation) because the co-occurrence of the minority group (Latinx) and the minority behavior (shoplifting) in the past had a greater impact on perception

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28
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

mental shortcut whereby the
importance, frequency, or credence of something is
exaggerated because it comes to mind easily

29
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

when two cognitions are in conflict, a person will be motivated to change one of them to reduce the
unsettled feelings caused by the discrepancy; justifying our actions by putting the blame onto someone else

30
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

Fear that one will confirm the negative stereotype of a group to which one belongs, in an area in which the individual excels

31
Q

Prejudice

A

a negative judgment about a group or its members based on their categorization
–Internal

32
Q

Discrimination

A

negative behavior toward a group or its members based upon their categorization
–External

33
Q

Overt Racism

A

those in the majority engage in open, hostile
acts of aggression against racial minorities consciously & unapologetically

34
Q

Covert intentional racism

A

behavior covered up so that one can deny his or her racism

35
Q

Covert unintentional racism

A

unintentional behavior but serves to perpetuate ongoing racist acts

36
Q

Color Blind Racial Ideology

A

An attempt to pretend race and racism will not exist if people ignore race and ethnicity

37
Q

Power Evasion

A

Differences in accomplishment are completely based on individual’s own work, not due to any
advantages of color built into the system

38
Q

Microaggressions

A

A small slight that maybe intentional but is
mostly unintentional & does not harm the target
of the offenses in any major way but can
accumulate to be burdensome over time.

39
Q

Microassault

A

a blatant verbal, nonverbal, or environmental attack intentionally discriminatory or biased

40
Q

Microinsult

A

an unintentional behavior or verbal comment conveying rudeness or insensitivity

41
Q

Microinvalidation

A

an action that excludes, negates, or dismisses the
perceptions of the target person.

42
Q

Privilege

A

System of unearned advantage granted due to social identity

43
Q

First Socialization

A

Taught on a personal level by parents, family members, teachers, people we love and trust
* They shape our: expectations, norms, values, roles, rules, goals, and dreams

44
Q

Institutional and Cultural Socialization

A

Reinforced with messages from
* Institutions, schools, church
* Media, music
* Legal system
* Mental & medical healthcare
On conscious and unconscious level

45
Q

Enforcement

A

Rewards and privileges for maintaining rules & roles
* Punishments for going against conventional
messages

46
Q

Health

A

a complete state of physical, mental, & social well-being (not merely the absence of disease)

47
Q

Health Behaviors

A

behaviors people do to enhance or maintain their well-being

48
Q

Health Psychology

A

study of psych influences on how people stay healthy, why they become ill, & how they respond
when sick

49
Q

Health Belief Model

A

A set of assumptions that suggests that one’s health behavior is affected by one’s perception of a personal health threat & by how a particular health practice would be effective in reducing the health threat

50
Q

Susceptibility

A

likelihood of acquiring a disease or being impacted by an illness-producing stimulus

51
Q

Severity

A

intensity of negative outcome

52
Q

Benefits

A

advantage gained from a behavior

53
Q

Barriers

A

obstacles that reduce the likelihood of engaging in a new behavior.

54
Q

Taijin Kyofusho

A

Patients with taijin kyofusho (literally “the disorder of fear”) experience extreme self-consciousness regarding their appearance. Patients suffer from intense, disabling fear that their bodies are embarrassing or offensive to others. This culture-bound condition has overlapping features with social phobia and body dysmorphic disorder.

55
Q

Somatization

A

The expression of mental disorders through physical disorders.
- Example: In some Latino and Mediterranean cultures, people may complain of headaches or
stomach aches instead of anxiety or depression.

56
Q

Cultural Competence

A

the ability to interact effectively with
people of different cultures

57
Q

Responding to social inequality

A

Self-regulation of one’s own prejudiced behavior, Contact with members of negatively-stereotyped groups, Integrating the contact and self-regulation
approaches to prejudice reduction,

58
Q

Conformity

A

where an individual sees the dominant culture as better and superior to all groups including one’s own group

59
Q

Dissonance

A

where there is a sudden OR gradual “occurrence” that challenges a person’s belief that the dominant group is superior

60
Q

Resistance and Immersion

A

where one becomes more immersed within his/her own cultural group, rejecting dominant culture with anger, guilt, and shame for his/her initial preference of the dominant culture and rejection of his/her own

61
Q

Introspection

A

where one becomes less angry at/distrustful of the dominant group, less immersed in own group, more appreciating of other cultural groups, and more apt to educate him/herself about own identity, though the process still creates some
inner conflict

62
Q

Integrative awareness

A

where one finds greater balance, appreciates his/her own group & other cultural groups, and becomes aware of him/herself as an individual and a cultural being
- recognizes differences among cultural
groups, both positive & negative

63
Q

Racial Salience

A

The extent to which one’s race is relevant may differ, depending upon a particular time or in a particular situation

64
Q

Ethnicity

A

a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry/history, language, and culture

65
Q

Nationality

A

The nation where you have legal citizenship

66
Q

Race

A

a group of people who share a specific combination of physical, genetically inherited characteristics
that distinguish them from other groups

67
Q

Sociocultural concept of race

A

characteristics, values, & behaviors that have been associated with groups of people who share different physical characteristics serve the social
purpose of providing a way for outsiders to view another group and for members of a group to perceive themselves.

68
Q

Eugenics

A

A movement that maintains that only “good genes”
should be passed from generation to generation and that “undesirable groups” should be dissuaded from reproducing.

Multicultural Psychology (1 decks)

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