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Differential Dx > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Otalgia

A

Pain localizing to the ear

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2
Q

Define: Otorrhea

A

Drainage or discharge from the ear
-mostly related to infection or inflammation of middle or external ear

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3
Q

Microtia

A

Abnormally small pinna

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4
Q

Macrotia

A

Abnormally large pinna

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5
Q

Lop/cup ear

A

deformity of pine where superior edge of helix is folded down

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6
Q

Melotia

A

abnormal positioning of pinna - usually low placed and set forward

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7
Q

Preauricular Sinus/Pit

A

tube or pit located on the ear

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8
Q

Supernumerary Hillocks/Ear Tag

A

growth on the ear

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9
Q

Stenosis

A

narrowing of the ear canal

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10
Q

Audiologic findings of STENOSIS

A

possible conductive hearing loss but hearing is not usually affected
-collapsing EC
- excessive cerumen
-otitis externa

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11
Q

Management of STENOSIS

A

-canaloplasty
-meatoplasty
removal of granulation
BAHA for amplification

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12
Q

Atresia

A

closed or lack of ear canal

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13
Q

Symptoms of ATRESIA

A

-conductive hearing loss

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14
Q

Atresia is commonly seen with ___________.

A

Microtia

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15
Q

Management of ATRESIA

A

-surgical creation of ear canal

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16
Q

Occlusion

A

partial or complete blockage of the ear canal by a foreign body

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17
Q

Keratosis Obturans

A

abnormal collection of skin cells and keratinous debris causing blockage of EAC

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18
Q

Symptoms of KERATOSIS OBTURANS

A

-bilateral
-acute CHL
-otalgia
-thick TM
-widened EC
-otorrhea

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19
Q

Management of KERATOSIS OBTURANS

A

removal of skin cells and debris

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20
Q

Cholesteatoma of EAC

A

abnormal collection of keratinized skin cells invading the EAC and underlying bone

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21
Q

Symptoms of CHOLESTEATOMA

A

-unilateral
-purulent pus
-osteonecrosis

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22
Q

Treatment of CHOLESTEATOMA

A

removal of debris and underlying bone
reconstruction of EAC

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23
Q

What is the difference between cholesteatoma and keratosis obturans

A

-KO is usually bilateral, cholesteatoma is usually unilateral
-pus with cholesteatoma
-cholesteatoma usually affects older populations; KO affects younger populations

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24
Q

Acute Otitis Externa (swimmers ear)
What is it?
Symptoms?
Treatment?

A

bacterial infection of the EAC
-sudden onset, pain and extreme sensitivity, Edema/erythema, heat sensation, drainage, shedding of skin cells, CHL due to swelling
-antibiotics

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25
Q

Chronic Otitis Externa
What is it?
Symptoms?
Treatment?

A

chronic bacterial infection of the external ear/EAC
-bloody discharge, chronic hypertrophy of OE, progressive stenosis, usually bilateral
-remove granulation, no surgery if unilateral, amplification

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26
Q

Malignant Otitis Externa
What is it?
Symptoms?
Treatment?

A

infection of the OE and temporal bone and skull base
-similar to otitis externa in beginning, otorrhea, HL, Otalgia, Facial weakness
-Systemic/IV antibiotics, surgical cleansing

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27
Q

Cauliflower Ear

A

swelling caused by blunt force trauma to the pinna
-possible CHL, headaches/blurred vision, pain, swelling, etc

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28
Q

Furunculosis

A

infected hair follicle in the ear canal

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29
Q

Otomycosis

A

fungal infection of the ear canal

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30
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

new and abnormal growth or tumor on the pinna and ear canal

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31
Q

Exostosis

A

-BENIGN bony growth in ear canal

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32
Q

Osteoma

A

new bone growth in ear canal, identified by pearl-like appearance

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33
Q

What are some differences between Exostosis and Osteoma?

A
  • osteoma is usually unilateral, exostosis is usually bilateral
    -osteoma usually occurs in children, exostosis more common in adults
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34
Q

What is osteomyelitis and what disorder does it occur with?

A

infection of the bone; seen with malignant OE

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35
Q

Exotosis usually occurs on the ______.

A

Annulus of the TM

36
Q

What section of the TM are tubes usually placed?

A

Anterior, inferior portion of TM

37
Q

What are the usually symptoms of absence of ossicles?

A

-mild to moderat conductive HL
-type Ad tymp

38
Q

Which ossicles are usually missing in absence of ossicles?

A

lenticular process of the incus

39
Q

Congenital Ossicular Fixation

A

ossification of ligaments in the soft tissue that holds the ossicles

40
Q

What is Congenital anomaly of TM

A

part or all of TM covered by bony plate

41
Q

Persistent Stapedial Artery

A

pulsatile mass in ME; vascular issue with artery through the stapes

42
Q

symptoms of persistent stapedial artery

A

-tinnitus
-dizziness
-CHL occasionally

43
Q

TM perforation

A

hols in the TM caused by infection with effusion or trauma from blast or penetration

44
Q

What is the treatment for TM perforation?

A

myringoplasty

45
Q

If a TM perf is untreated, there can be a risk of ___________.

A

Cholesteatoma

46
Q

What type of immittance would be expected with TM perf?

A

-flat tymp with high ECV
Type B

47
Q

What is a central perforation? Marginal perforation?

A

Central perforation - smaller hole in TM, most of TM still present/surrounding perf
marginal perforation - most of perf framed by annulus (large hole)

48
Q

Tympanosclerosis

A

calcification of connective tissues on TM or head of ossicles

49
Q

Audiologic findings of tympanosclerosis

A

CHL
Type As tymps due to increased stiffness

50
Q

Myringosclerosis

A

calcification of only the TM caused by long-term OM, repeated PE tubes, and spontaneous healing of perf

51
Q

Otogenic vs. Non-otogenic

A

otogenic pain originates in the ear
non-otogenic originates outside of the ear, usually TMJ

52
Q

If the EAC is partially occluded with cerumen, what would the hearing loss be expected to look like? Fully occluded?

A

partial occlusion = high frequency conductive HL
complete occlusion = flat 40-50 dB HL conductive HL

53
Q

What is the audiogram expected to look like for a patient with collapsing Canal?

A

50-55dB HL conductive hearing loss above 2kHz that varies with movement of headphones

54
Q

What are some ways to help reduce affects of collapsed canal?

A

-insert earphones
-tymp tip in hear
-rolled gauze behind ear

55
Q

Irregularly small middle ear space is common in __________.

A

children with Down syndrome

56
Q

Otic Barotrauma

A

discomfort or damage caused by rapid changes of pressure

57
Q

What are the two classifications of TEMPORAL BONE FRACTURE? How do each affect hearing?

A
  • Otic capsule sparing fracture (inner ear intact): mild to moderate flat CHL
    -Otic capsule disrupting/violating fracture (cochlea and vestibule fractured): SNHL and vertigo
58
Q

Describe audiologic findings of traumatic discontinuity of ossicular chain

A

-CHL or mixed HL with larger ABG in high frequencies
-Ad tymp - hyper mobility, no reflexes, type B tymp is TM rupture

59
Q

Myringitis

A

Inflammation of the TM

60
Q

Define 3 different types of myringitis

A

Acute Myringitis - short-lived caused by otitis externa from canal against TM or OM in ME

Bullous Myringitis - blisters between outer and middle layers of TM
-fluid filled, could be blood

Granulomatous/granular Myringitis - outer layer of TM and skin of ear canal replaced by abnormal tissue

61
Q

What is a myringotomy? When is it used?

A

Surgical incision (cut) in the TM to relieve pressure from fluid

62
Q

Eustachian tube Dysfunction (ETD)

A

ET fails to open or is blocked causing air in ME to be absorbed and create negative pressure

63
Q

What tymps are expected with ETD?

A

Type C, negative pressure in the ear

64
Q

What is OTITIS MEDIA?

A

Inflammation of the middle ear

65
Q

Otitis media is usually preceded by ________ and can be accompanied by ___________.

A

ETD; effusion

66
Q

Describe hearing loss with OM.

A

flat 10-40 dB conductive hL with slight peak at 2kHz
may be LF CHL in beginning

67
Q

What is an example of recurrent OM treatment?

A

Myringotomy with PE tubes

68
Q

Which part of the ossicular chain is usually affected by otosclerosis ?

A

Stapes and oval window

69
Q

Two stages of otosclerosis

A

Otospongiosis - active growth of bone

Otosclerosis - final stage, hardening of new bone growth

70
Q

Schwartz sign

A

reddish glow visible through TM around cochlear promontory due to increased vascularity during otospongiosis

71
Q

Paracusis of Willis

A

Better understanding in noise than normal hearing

72
Q

What is the most common ME tumor?

A

Paraganglioma Tumor or Glomus Tumor

73
Q

Most cases of congenital deafness involve ____________________.

A

Membranous labyrinth of the IE; involving IHCs

74
Q

What are the three classifications of membranous labyrinth malformations?

A
  1. Complete membranous labyrinth dysplasia (Bing-Siebenmann Dysplasia)
  2. Cochlear Basal Turn Dysplasia (Alexander Dysplasia)
  3. Cochleaosaccular Dysplasia (Scheibe Dysplasia)
75
Q

Name and describe the most common membraneous labyrinth malformation?

A

Cochleosaccular dysplasia (Scheibe dysplasia)

Organ of Corti partially or completely missing
scala media collapse
saccule collars

76
Q

What is the most severe IE deformity? Describe.

A

Complete labyrinth aplasia (Michel Aplasia)

no development of IE; IE structures and CN VIII absent

77
Q

Cochlear aplasia

A

complete absence of cochlea resulting in total deafness; vestibule and SCC present but usually deformed

78
Q

cochlear hypoplasia

A

underdevelopment of the cochlea; single turn or less, small cochlear bud protruding from vestibule

79
Q

Type I Incomplete Partition

A

Cystic cochleovestibular malformation

cystic/empty cochlea without partition

80
Q

Type II Incomplete Partition

A

Mondini Dysplasia

cochlea has 1.5 turns and the middle and apical coils form cystic cavity

81
Q

What does TORCH stand for and why is it significant to IE disorders?

A

Toxoplasmosis, Other (Syphilis and HIV), Rubella, CMV, Herpes Simplex Virus

refers to acquired infections that can be contracted by a pregnant person and passed to the baby before or after birth

82
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

SNHL due to normal aging process

83
Q

Another name for complete membranous labyrinth dysplasia

A

Bing-Siebenmann Dysplasia

84
Q

another name for Cochlear basal turn dysplasia

A

Alexander dysplasia

85
Q

another name for cochleosaccular dysplasia

A

Scheibe dysplasia

86
Q

another name for complete labyrinth aplasia

A

Michel Aplasia

Differential Dx (1 decks)

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