Midterm

Question 1

Colonization

Answer 1

Series of actions undertaken as part of a settlement process which imposed cultural, religious, and political values that favoured settlers.

Question 2

Decolonization

Answer 2

Process of deconstructing colonial ideologies of the superiority and privilege of western thought and approaches

Question 3

Indigenization

Answer 3

Addition of indigenous elements going beyond tokenism. Based on inclusionary practices and structures that promote ongoing decolonization

Question 4

5 Hallmarks of Civilization

Answer 4

1. Governance
2. Economics
3. Socialization
4. Education
5. Health

Question 5

First indigenous studies department

Answer 5

1960s Minnesota

Question 6

Vine Deloria, Leroy Little Bear, and David Bogm

Answer 6

Early indigenous scholars who brought western and indigenous knowledge together

Question 7

Indigenous Ways of Knowing

Answer 7

Everything is in motion
Everything is living
Strong relationships are maintained through renewal

Question 8

Indigenous Codes of Conduct

Answer 8

Non-interference
Emotional restraint
Sharing
Right time rather than specific time
Learning by doing or teaching through encouraging observations and participation versus direction

Question 9

First Nations

Answer 9

The “Status Indians” as defined by the Indian Act (excludes metis and Inuit)

Question 10

Settler Colonialism

Answer 10

Deliberate physical occupation of land as a method of asserting ownership over land and its resources

Question 11

Fur Trade Timeline

Answer 11

Started with French in 1600s
Hudson’s Bay Company removes French monopoly 1670
Rupert’s Land 1670
Fall of New France 1760
NWC formed 1770s
HBC and NWC merge 1821
Canada officially a country 1867

Question 12

Conflicts with Indigenous Participation

Answer 12

French Indian (7 Year) War 1756-1763
American Rev. 1775-1783
War of 1812
First and Second World Wars

Question 13

Treaty Timeline/ Types

Answer 13

Robinson Treaty 1850- first major treaty. Gave land in Lakes Huron and Superior
Numbered Treaties 1871-1921
Economic Treaty and Peace/ Friendship Treaty

Question 14

Royal Proclamation of 1763

Answer 14

Did some dirty shit to only allow euros to own land

Question 15

Perspectives on Treaty (Indigenous)

Answer 15

Needed for the changing world around them
Worldview on ownership is different
Almost saw it as the Indigenous people would be half adopting euros

Question 16

Perspectives on Treaty (Euro)

Answer 16

The most economical way of obtaining land
Understood indigenous war proficiency and didn’t want to deal
Treaties allowed a systematic way of controlling indigenous people and thus revolutions

Question 17

Indian Act 1876

Answer 17

Defined and allowed the government to always control 6 major sections framed as benefits.
Status Guidelines
Band Governance
Education
Taxes
Use of Alcohol
Use and Surrender of Land

Question 18

Enfranchisement

Answer 18

The removal of “Indian” status upon completing a degree, participating in military service, and a few other events.

Question 19

Egalitarian Society

Answer 19

Emphasizes equality and equal treatment across gender, religion, economic status, political beliefs, ect.

Question 20

Complementarity Society

Answer 20

Different categories depend upon one another for their distinctiveness in order to create a balance and produce the greatest well being for the whole group

Question 21

Indigenous gender terms

Answer 21

Winkte (MtF)
Berdache (no no word MtF)
Double Woman (FtM)
Two Spirit (NB)

Question 22

Residential Schools

Answer 22

Started 1600s as domestic training centres.
Bad shit started 1880s
150,000 kids attended, 6000 min died
Poor nutrition, abuse, testing, ect
1996 was the final school

Question 23

TRC

Answer 23

Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2008 was founded
Pressured gov and church to release docs around Residential Schools and 60s scoop
2015 main report with 94 calls to action

Question 24

60s Scoop

Answer 24

Late 50s to early 80s
Mfs stealing Indigenous kids after Residential Schools slow down
Made it next to impossible for mom to get custody
Forced sterilizations common as well

Question 25

White paper

Answer 25

General term for government proposed policy changes. More specifically for changing the idea of status (citizens minus)

Question 26

Red paper

Answer 26

Direct response to the White Paper. Proposes status should not be abolished but rather give citizens plus

Question 27

Treaty

Answer 27

Living agreements that have not been upheld and should be updated. Oral promises not respected and cultural values biased the agreements and understandings.

Question 28

Inuit

Answer 28

Sovereignty claims denied
Guides as whaling operations are set up
Decline in resources as seal and whale pop declines
No resources results in HBC Debt