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animal housing > midterm? > Flashcards

midterm? Flashcards

1
Q

1 nutrient for animals

A

air

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2
Q

features of enviro that influences animal biology

A

air, sanitation/hygiene, nutrition, space and social setting, equipment, noise

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3
Q

4 movements that you need to know when designing a facility *

A

animal, people, nutritional, manure movement

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4
Q

stressors

A

climatic, enviro, nutritional, pathological

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5
Q

heat balance equation

A

maintaining constant body temp depends on M+G=L

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6
Q

Heat balance equation meaning of M

A

M = metabolic heat production from body

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7
Q

heat balance equation G

A

heat Gained from enviro - radiation and convection

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8
Q

heat balance equation L

A

heat Lost to environment - radiation, evaporation, conduction, convection

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9
Q

convection heating types

A

free convection - hot air rises
forced convection - pushing air

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10
Q

humidity impact on environment

A

impacts evaporation, higher humidity impacts bacteria

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11
Q

animal thermal insulation layers

A

body core, body shell, cover layer, boundary layer

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12
Q

animal body core

A

visceral organs, can change with nutrition, increased energy density of food

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13
Q

animal body shell

A

muscles, blood vessels, fat and skin

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14
Q

animal cover layer

A

hair or feathers - pelage or plumage

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15
Q

animal boundary layer

A

air - ventilation dependent

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16
Q

how much of thermoregulation is behavioural

A

80%

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17
Q

elixirs of life

A

air, water and light

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18
Q

light and water consumption relationship

A

more light = more water

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19
Q

functions of ventilation

A
  • uniformly distribute fresh air without drafts
  • maintain species specific building temp
  • exhaust respired moisture
  • remove all air contaminants
20
Q

ventilation related problems

A

air quality
temp fluctuations
micro-climates
inlet management

21
Q

negative v positive fan ventilation

A

positive - air in, negative pushing out

22
Q

dew point

A

when internal is lower than air temp - 60% humidity - barn sweats

23
Q

management for air pollutants

A

ventilation/climate
elevated floors - not slats
animal/human activity

24
Q

protein retention in diets according to vern

A

18-40%

25
Q

what is all involves in an animals environment

A

physical, chemical, biological and behavioural elements around the animal

26
Q

what does the environment influence in animals

A

growth, metabolism, reproduction, lactation, disease and behaviour

27
Q

animal features that influence enviro requirements

A

temp requirements, locomotion patterns, social organizations, feeding and drinking patterns, parental behaviour, maintenance behaviour

28
Q

how genetics affect adaptability to diff environments

A

tolerance to heat and cold, coat colour, disease resistance, disease resistance, geology and parasite resistance

29
Q

impacts of stage of production

A

feeding level/system, space allocation and social management, breeding animals may need exposure to opposite sex, some animals may need to be isolated

30
Q

features of the environment that influence animal biology - thermal

A

temp, humidity, air, group v individual, flooring/bedding, constant v fluctuating temps

31
Q

features of the environment that influence animal biology - lighting

A

type (incandescent, fluorescent, natural)
intensity/brightness
schedule (chronobiology)

32
Q

features of the environment that influence animal biology - air quality

A

dust, gasses, pathogens, impacted by:
- ventilation rates/patterns
-flooring/bedding/manure management
- activity patterns of the animals

33
Q

features of the environment that influence animal biology - sanitation/disease hygiene

A

maure management, group v individual, indoor v outdoor

34
Q

features of the environment that influence animal biology - nutrition and enviro interactions

A

energy balance, thermal environment, activity levels, vet/mineral requirements, access to soil and substrate

35
Q

features of the environment that influence animal biology - space and social setting

A

density - space allowance, group size
group composition
size variation

36
Q

features of the environment that influence animal biology - equipment

A

flooring, crate design, feeders and drinkers - all impact:
- feed and water intake
- movement patterns
- injury and lameness

37
Q

features of the environment that influence animal biology - noise

A

from equipment and caretakers - impacts inter animal communication, fear, stress and physical damage to auditory system

38
Q

developmental plasticity

A

genetically based program can be modified in response to changing environmental conditions to shape unique characteristics of each individual

39
Q

9 foundations of a healthy building

A

air quality, thermal health, moisture, dust and pests, safety, water quality, noise
lighting, ventilation

40
Q

features of the environment that influence animal biology

A

thermal environment
lighting
air quality
sanitation/hygiene/disease transfer
nutrition-environmental interactions
space and social setting
equipment
noise

41
Q

is an animal ever independent of the environment?

A

no

42
Q

5 freedoms

A

freedom from hunger and thirst
freedom from discomfort
freedom from pain, injury or disease
freedom to express normal behaviour
freedom from fear and distress

43
Q

responses to adverse enviroments

A

adaptation, acclimatization, habituation

44
Q

stressors

A

climatic, environmental, nutritional, physiological, physical, social, psychological, pathological

45
Q

what is the most potent in releasing a stress response

A

psychological - CRH - initial step in HPA activation - also involved in emotional/behavioural runs to a stressor

46
Q

4 main factors that contribute to accurate sound localization

A
  1. preadator or prey
    type of habitat
    nocturnal or diurnal
    visual capacity

animal housing (1 decks)

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