Midterm Flashcards
Oldest city
Quebec city
1759
British come quest of New France
Battle of the plains of Abraham
Original 4 provinces
Upper canada (Ontario), lower canada (Quebec), New Brunswick, Nova Scotia
When did each province join canada
- UC, LC, NB, NS (1867)
- Manitoba and NT (1870)
- BC (1871)
- PEI (1873)
- Yukon (1898)
- AB, SK (1905)
- NFL and Labrador (1949)
- Nunavut (1999)
2 glacial landscapes
Cirque: half shaped alpine glacier
Arete: jagged spine running down a mountain
Region
A distinctive area of earths surface
Has distinguishing human or natural characteristics that set it apart from other areas
Regionalism
The division of a large area into different parts with varying characteristics
Some countries are more prone to regionalism
e.x. CA, USA, France, UK, Italy, Australia, China, Russia
Why is regionalism so prevalent in canada
Vast geographic size and varied physical geography
Different patterns of historic settlement
Different cultures and languages
Uneven population distribution
Types of regions
- Uniform (named after a characteristic where all locations in the region have similarities in that characteristic)
- Functional (interactions among different areas within the region)
- Cultural (based on a sense of belonging)
Faultlines
Metaphors applied to economic, social, and political ‘cracks’ that divide regions and threaten to destabilize Canada’s integrity as a nation
4 fault lines within Canada
- Centralist/Decentralist
- English/French
- Indigenous/Non-Indigenous
- Newcomers/Oldtimers
Linking Canada’s regions
Transcontinental railways (CP and CN)
Trans-Canada highway
The Great Trail
Trans-Canada highway
Open in 1962
Links all 10 provinces
The Great trail
System of paths, greenways, waterways, and roads linking the 3 ocean coasts
6 regions of canada
- Territorial North
- British Columbia
- Western Canada
- Ontario
- Quebec
- Atlantic Canada
Core/Periphery Theory
aka heartland/hinterland theory
describes interaction among regions that is evident in Canada
Based on idea that capitalist economy’s result isn’t evil ally uneven development
States that both parts are dependent on each other but the core dominates the economic relationship with the periphery
Two contrasting ways core and peripheries interact
- Regional exploitation (core exploits the natural wealth of the periphery leaving it impoverished)
- Modernization (core invests in the periphery and helps it to develop economically)
Characteristics of cores
Receives raw materials from periphery
Manufacturing is a common industry geographically small
Diverse economy
Urban and densely populated
Home to corporate headquarters
Characteristics of peripheries
Purchased manufactured goods from the core
Geographically large
Resource based economy
Rural and sparsely populated
Staples thesis
Harold Innis, early 1930’s
Proposed explanation of how and why Canada’s economy has grown and changed since confederation
Regional economy history of canada was linked to discovery, utilization, and export of staple resources in Canada’s peripheral regions
What is a staple product
A natural resource that can be exploited relatively quickly and cheaply for profit
Progression of Canada’s staples
- Fur
- Lumber
- Fish
- Mining
- Oil
3 economic linkages for growth
- Backward linkage (supplies for staple industry)
- Forward linkage (local processing before export)
- Final demand linkage (servicing the needs of workers and families)
The national policy
1879, contributed to the development of the core of Canada
Created a nationwide market for Canada-made goods through the implementation of tariffs and restrictions of trade on foreign-made goods
