Midterm Flashcards
What is Intersectionality
the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage.
What are some benefits of identity-based politics
sources of strength
community
intellectual development
Cons of identity-based politics
tensions in the dominant conception of social justice
How can we liberate marginalized groups
get rid of them/limit liberation efforts
Intersectionality and Factors of Domination
Structural
Political
Representation
What are the two ways in which Structural Intersectionality is examined
Rape
Battery
What is Structural Intersectionality in the form of Battery
women have a hard time in shelters
discrimination against women who don’t speak English
gender, class, and race work together to oppress women
What are some challenges of Structural Intersectionality in the form of Battery
Intervention strategies only take into account the experiences of women who do not share the same class and race backgrounds (Different women’s categories.
For example, the amendment of 1990 Immigration
and Nationality Act on marriage fraud in the US
worked against women of color).
Lack of knowledge, evidence of abuse, and language barrier, for example, serves as a limitations
What is Structural intersectionality in the form of Rape
rape is based on the standard of white women’s experiences
high rate of counsellor burn out mean very few women receive adequate counseling / treatment
What does political intersectionality look like
women of color are in two subordinated groups with conflicting political agendas
black men and white women dont experience this split
women of color can never be fully empowered until this divide is bridged
true or false: balck men are blamed for their lack of control over black women
true
women of colour experience intersection because of?
racism and patriarchy
Is the rape of black women treated as seriously as white women?
no
How do Race and Class intersect for black women
often seen according to sterotypes as poor, substance abusers, uncooperative, etc
what do cultural images of black women produce
tolerance of violence
4 systems of power
capitalism
heterosexualism
racism
sexism
through interrogation of intersectionality we:
expose interlocking systems that support the mainstream and reproduce the status quo
What is Black Lives Matter
black political movement intended to challenge racism, discrimination, and oppression
What years did Kimberle Crenshaw identify intersectionality
1989/91
What is the Combahee River Collective and what year did it take place?
identified intersectional analysis of power and liberation through shared experiences
revelaed the interdependency of power and inequality (capitalism, heterosexuality, colonization, etc)
fight against interlocking systems because a single axis of power maintains the status quo 1977
What is Sojourner’s Truth Speech (1851)
on slavery, patriarchy, anti-blackness, white supremacy, and capitalism
fight for social justice and equity for African American women
Intersectionality isn’t specific to the experiences of every woman, thus it relies partly on ____?
reflections
What events happened in the 1960s
activities of Civil Rights Movement
emerging social movements
labour movement
What did the Activities of the Civil Rights Movement do?
defined progressive and identity politics amidst conflicts and contradictions of diversity, as well as complexity of collectivity but wanted to be represented using oppression based single social division of power
What did the Activities of the Civil Rights Movement do?
defined progressive and identity politics amidst conflicts and contradictions of diversity, as well as the complexity of collectivity but wanted to be represented using oppression based single social division of power
What events happened in the 1980s
North American and European left (equality and egalitarianism)
focused on socialism and class as a source of social divisions
growth of intersectionality politics
Schools of Thought: Classical liberal and Eurocentric
idea that individuals are separate from social structures challenged
social divisions were no longer relevant for radical social movements
School of Thought: Marxists and Socialists
Class struggles and class relations (material conditions)
School of Thought: Feminists
gender as basis of difference
analysed class and gender seperately
socialist feminists employed intersectional analysisusing class and gender in capitalist production in the 1970/80s
Schools of Thought: US Black Feminists
Analyzed race and class at he same time by building on the emerging theoretical developments in order to articulate their oppression
Strengths of Intersectionality
identification of other axes of oppression
Significance of Intersectionality
emerged from the women’s movement with a goal to demarginalize the oppressed based on experience
a shift from class, gender, and race to imperialism, ethnicity, colonialism, sexuality, religion, language, culture, citizenship, and disability
limitations of intersectionality
trapped in essentialism: gender, race, and class
some people ignore race and focus on nationalism, religion, ethnicity, and culture because race is not important in some places
What is Traditional Patriarchy
male domination and gendered relationship
homogenizes, and totalizes oppression
simplistic
Absolutist Polities in relation to Patriarchy and Social Organization
male authority in the household and monarchy
Absolutist State in relation to Patriarchy and Social Organization
created racialized and sexualized colonial hierarchies
shaped domestic parties
North American Feminists in relation to Patriarchy and Social Organization
neglect of patriarchy and focus on hegemonic gender
thier hegemonic knowledge influenced disciplines
How is Patriarchy unidimensional
-ignores power dimensions and power relations in each group
-ignores the interrelations. and interdependencies of class, race, and gender
How is Patriarchy Universalization (globalist)
Patriarchy is a Western concept and does not exist in other places
how is Patriarchy Tautological
-any explanation on gendered power relations without acknowledging the constitution and reconstitution of patriarchy in the global south
intersectionality replace patriarchy but is also limited to its _______ power
explanatory
What is domestic Intersectionality?
intersectionality that focuses on domestic relations
The Media are:
-A primary institution of socialization, which often operates on mediated interaction
-Made up of many forms of communication and is dependent on the type of ownership, ideological position, and goal
-Very complex (no curriculum) and give contradictory messages
What does consumption do in terms of media
facilitates and reproduces inequality and violence because it objectifies bodies and refines inequalities
How does consumption entrench patriarchal power
Consumption also entrenches patriarchal power and legitimates the existing heteornormative status quo in which women actively participate unknowingly to reproduce the patriarchal power structures
Gender division of labor and consumption of domestic labor
patriarchy determines division of labor and women are a commodity, for example, in marriage and porn
Cultural, feminists, and media studies examine patriarchy as consumption because of it:
-Depicts gender inequality and violence against women
-Shows intimate partner violence as god and reveals normalized dating violence
-Emphasize White women’s purity, which requires protection from men, and projects women’s bodies as disposable
Antonio Gramsci, theoretical framework on gendered consumption
-cultural hegemony and hegemonic discourse
-hegemony is a patriarchal ideology that justifies the political, economic, and the social status quo
-the willingness of consumers to participate
-violence is pervasive and normalized
-interrogation of hegemony will reveal the taken-for-granted nature of consumption and ordinary and as part of everyday life
Pierre Bourdieu and Lois Wacquant, theoretical framework on gendered consumption
hegemony relies on consented coercion in which the actor is complicit
Jean Baudillard, Theoretical Framework on gendered consumption
consumption is controllled by magical thinking and disconnected from the consumer and its meaning in society
-consumption is a language form of discourse
-some groups are valued over others
Zygmunt Bauman, Theoretical Framework on gendered consumption
consumption permeated everyday life through which consumers are seduced
-consumers are disconnected and violence is in masked in neoliberal cultural (re)production
what do western societies rely on for survival
consumerism
Traditional approach to patriarchy (Before 1970)
-Men with authority in the family
-biological differences, the cultural construction of gender, and subordination in women
-reproduction of social-cultural practices
-codification of strict gender roles in the family/society
-male violence against women
Marist approach to Patriarchy
-dual system approach
-economic and political stratification of society on the basis of class and sex-capitalism and racism
do consumers have the freedom to choose?
no, they are regulated in a seemingly democratic market (marxist)
How does gender become dependent on the market
Wage labor erodes women‘s practical skills and creativity, which make them dependent on the consumer market for their social, psychological and material needs.
Anti-essentialist approach to Patriarchy
white women are the standard and control human rights issues that concern gendered violence
Intersectional approach to Patriarchy
variation of patriarchy across multiple levels
women influence power by bargaining with the patriarchy
Treaty bodies, (essentialist) and special procedures (antiessentialist) use patriarchy and patriarchy differently
this info isn’t here, may need to refer to doc and just familiarize self with this
Governor Cuomo’s obervation
structural forces have come together in police killings and violence during the pandemic.
Communities that face police brutality are the hardest hit by the pandemic ( people of color):
inadequate health care infrastructure.
working essential service jobs so continue working in shut-downs.
Disparities in income and wealth.
Gender order
people comply with it, passive
Matrix of domination
intersectionality and feminism exist, people are active wihtn the matric, can bend it to thier will
What is the gender order, in depth
-hegemonic masculinity as its foundation
-single structure and single system of power
-neglects context, history, and collective explanation
Matric of Domination, in depth
-hegemonic femininities with privileges
-strategies for reproducing gender inequality, social location and the reproduction of gender inequality and domination
-hegemonic femininities as complicit, with power in intermediate positions in the matrix of domination
-defers to hegemonic masculinities but dominates others
subordinated masculinities
men can be oppressor and oppressed
