Midterm Flashcards
Define a weed and list what makes it a weed
causes economic losses or ecological damage
detracts from local aesthetics
creates health problems for humans or animals
List some of the negative impacts of weeds
Decreased quality and quantity of crop
Increased production costs
Human health (allergies)
Decreased land value
Reduced water quality
Recreation value
Livestock poisoning
Decreased biodiversity
Common traits of weeds
Discontinuous germination
Rapid growth
Co-adaptation with crops
Well-adapted to disturbance
What is discontinuous germination?
Germination spread out continuously throughout a year
Define weed management
Prevention, control, eradication practices
What are the steps in a weed management plan?
Description of property
Evaluation of weed problem
Goals and objectives for the property
Priorities for weed management
Management action
Integration of management actions
A monitoring plan
Define and understand EDRR
Early detection and rapid response: method emphasizing control of new, invading weeds while the populations are localized and small.
Define integrated weed management and its strategies
biological, chemical, mechanical, and cultural controls to manage, prevent, eradicate weeds
What is a noxious weed?
Noxious weeds are ones that cause lots of harm economically or to human wellbeing
Define a Class A and Class B noxious weed
A: occurs in small enough infestations to make eradication or containment possible
B: weed of economic importance which is regionally abundant, but which may have limited distribution in some counties
List life forms and describe them
Annual: 1 year long life cycle or less, reproduces quickly.
Biennial: 2 year life cycle. Rosette, then flowers and seed, and they die off.
Perennial: lives 5 yrs or less, or 5+
List the 4 types of reproduction, and their benefits
Outcrossing: incr. Genetic variability, more potential more adaptation
Self pollination: reproductive assurance, preservation of a genotype
Clonal: one plant = multiple though propagation
Mixed mating: combination of any of the 3 breeding systems, most common method in weeds
What is plant competition and when does it occur?
It is when 2 plants seek the same resource, and that resource is limited.
What traits differ in the competitive ability of plants to compete?
Competitive ability
Plant density
duration
Define the Critical Period of weed control
time when weeds must be controlled to prevent yield losses
