Midterm Flashcards
What are the key themes and principles of Existential Psychotherapy?
- Patient’s subjective experience
- Morality, meaning, freedom, responsibility, anxiety, & aloneness
What are the 6 principles of Existential Psychotherapy?
- We have the capacity for self awareness
- Because we are free beings, we must accept the responsibility that comes with this freedom
- We have a concern to preserve our uniqueness & identity; we come to know ourselves in relation to knowing & interacting with others
- The significance of our existence and the meaning of our life are never fixed once and for all; instead, we recreate ourselves through our projects
- Anxiety is part of the human condition
- Death is part of the human condition, & awareness of it gives significance to living
How is non-being illustrated in Existential Psychotherapy?
In the threat of death, or destructive hostility, severe incapacitating anxiety, or critical sickness.
What is the “I-Am” experience, or the experience of being, known as in Existential Psychotherapy
An ontological experience- it is the “science of being”
What is neurotic anxiety in Existential Psychotherapy?
Anxiety that is seen as not appropriate to the situation, must be repressed, and is destructive
What is anxiety seen as arising from in Existential Psychotherapy?
The need to survive, preserve our being, & assert our being
What are the characteristics of normal anxiety in Existential Psychotherapy?
It is proportional to the situation, does not require repression, and can be used productively/creatively
What is the definition of mental health in Existential Psychotherapy?
Living as much as possible without neurotic anxiety, but with the ability to tolerate the unavoidable existential anxiety of living
How is the experience of guilt viewed in Existential Psychotherapy?
Similarly to anxiety, it can take on both normal & neurotic forms
*Neurotic guilt feelings are seen as arising out of fantasized transgressions
* Normal guilt sensitizes us to ethical aspects of our behavior
According to Yalom, what are the givens of existence?
- Death
- Freedom & responsibility
- Isolation
- Meaninglessness
According to Yalom, what is an existential conflict faced by human beings?
Our desire for continued contact with others and our need to be part of a larger whole in light of our innate awareness of our absolute isolation
In Existential Psychotherapy, what are the three forms of the world?
- Umwelt- meaning “world around,” the biological or natural world (the environment)
- Mitwelt- meaning “with world”, the world of one’s fellow human beings
- Eigenwelt- meaning “own world”, the relationship to oneself
What is Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy (DDP)?
A family-focused form of attachment-focused therapy used for children who have experienced complex trauma with attachment/reactive attachment issues
Who developed DDP?
Hughes and Becker-Weidman
What types of situations might DDP be used in?
- Children in foster care & adoptive families
- Children who have experienced abuse, trauma, &/or neglect
What does DDP hold in high regard?
The parent-child relationship “dyad”
What is the goal of DDP?
Facilitate experiences of safety & security so that a secure attachment can grow
What are the key principles of DDP?
- Therapy must be family focused
- Trauma must be directly addressed
*A comprehensive milieu of safety & security must be created - Therapy is consensual, not coercive
What is PACE parenting?
Playful
Accepting
Curiosity
Empathy
Taught to caregivers in DDP
What are the goals of DDP?
- Reduction in controlling behaviors
- Improved quality in relationship & bond
- Improved ability to cope with stress
*Improved emotional regulation - Improved insight into emotional experiences
- Improved interpersonal relationship skills
- Increased sense of safety & security with caregivers
What is Motivational Interviewing?
A counseling style that is person-centered in guiding to elicit & strengthen personal motivation for change
What are the 2 phases of Motivational Interviewing?
Phase 1- Building intrinsic motivation for change
Phase 2- Strengthening commitment to change
What is the overall goal of Phase 1 of Motivational Interviewing?
Resolve ambivalence and build motivation for change
For what types of patients may Motivational Interviewing be helpful?
Those who are initially resistant to change, such as substance abuse and addiction
Who founded Relational-Cultural Therapy?
Jean Baker Miller
Who are some additional major contributors to Relational-Cultural Therapy?
- Judith V. Jordan
- Janet Surrey
- Irene Stiver
What is the basis for Relational-Cultural Therapy?
Feminist and multicultural movements in psychology- RCT embraces many of the social justice principles of these movements, such as diversity, social action, & workplace change
What are the key themes & principles of Relational-Cultural Therapy?
- People grow through and toward relationships throughout the lifespan
- Movement toward mutuality, rather than movement toward separation, characterizes mature functioning
- Relational differentiation and elaboration characterize growth
- Mutual empathy and mutual empowerment are at the core of growth fostering relationships
- In growth-fostering relationships, all people contribute and grow or benefit; development is not a one-way street
- Therapy relationships are characterized by a special kind of mutuality
- Mutual empathy is the vehicle for change in therapy
- Real engagement and therapeutic authenticity are necessary for the development of mutual empathy
What is a connection in Relational-Cultural Therapy?
A mutually empowering event
What is a disconnection in Relational-Cultural Therapy?
A mutually not empowering event
What happens when a client moves through a disconnection in Relational-Cultural Therapy?
They may experience relational growth or relational resilience
What is relational resilience?
The ability to alter relational images and rebound from disconnection; makes one more able to reconnect to others
What are 5 observable good things that result from growth-fostering relationships?
- Each person feels a greater sense of “zest” (vitality, energy)
- Each person feels more able to act and does act
- Each person has a more accurate picture of her / himself and the other person(s)
- Each person feels a greater sense of worth
- Each person feels more connected to the other person(s) and feels a greater motivation for connections with other people beyond those in the specific relationship
What is the central relational paradox?
While strategies of disconnection are intended to protect individuals from both perceived and real risks of hurt or rejection, they also keep people out of the connection they desire
What are the goals of Relational-Cultural Therapy?
- Focusing on the connection between oneself and others
- Increasing self-knowledge & self-worth
- Increasing desire to build connections with others
- Gaining an understanding that chronic disconnections turn into unhealthy mental and physical consequences
What are the 6 stages of change?
- Pre-contemplation- no intention of changing behavior
- Contemplation- aware a problem exists. No commitment to action
- Preparation- intent upon taking action in the immediate future
- Action- active modification of behavior
- Maintenance- sustained change. New behavior replaces old
- Termination- fall back to old patterns of behavior
What is deep brain stimulation?
A surgical treatment in which a device called a neurostimulator delivers tiny electrical signals to
the areas of the brain that control movement
For which types of patients may deep brain stimulation be utilized?
Those with Parkinson’s Disease, essential tremor, or severe OCD
What are some potential complications of deep brain stimulation?
- Allergic reaction to the implanted device
*Difficulty concentrating - Dizziness
- Infection
- CSF leakage, leading to headache or meningitis
- Loss of balance or coordination
- Shock-like sensations
- Slight loss of movement
- Speech or vision problems
- Temporary pain ,swelling, or tingling following implantation of the device
What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?
A non-invasive way to stimulate nerve cells in certain areas of the brain
What are the indications for TMS?
Auditory hallucinations, MDD, add on to drug therapy, and TREATMENT RESISTANT DEPRESSION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ECT
What are some potential side effects of TMS?
- Headache
- Tingling sensation on the scalp
What does a typical course of TMS look like?
5 treatments a week for 4-6 weeks
What is a potential risk of TMS, particularly for patients with a history of convulsive seizures?
Seizures
