Midterm Flashcards
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grief expressed through cultures
tears anger personal disorganization lamentation depressed affect difficulty w/normal activities
in what situation might death be a relief
bad marriage
abusive relationship
long-term caregiving
in classical psychoanalytic terms (freud)
detachment internalization hypercathexis grief work cathexis decathexis introjection
Lindemanne & Park 5 psychological/somatic symptoms
somatic distress preoccupation guilt hostility loss of usual patterns of behavior
Park (beliefs about grief)
bereaved can work through grief in short amount of time stigma of person- tainted by death deprivation grief is "taking too long" keep busy-get out
Bowlby (attachment/security evidenced by
clinging
crying
angry coercion
grieving
lindemanne/bowlby the grief process
yearning
searching
disorganization
reorganization
confronting negative thoughts
more negative emotions
depression
malfunctioning
little evidence of better outcomes
detachment from grief
better outcomes
distress/depression not universal
humor is therapeutic
failure to experience distress- not pathological
social functional approach (bonano/ketner)
recovery most likely when
emotions focused on pain/negative thoughts minimized
positive emotions enhanced
emotions are ephemeral (short-term)
greif is enduring state (up to 8 years)
social functional approach
focusing on negative
impedes functioning more severe grief health problems disrupted relationships pessimism hoplelessness
social functional approach
positive emotions
improve social relationships
positive responses from others
positive facial expressions
post-modern constructionist
view of grief
bonds w/deceased- enriched functioning
multiplicity of perspectives- different experiences
vacillating between avoiding/engaging in grief work
torill
emotions w/out being engulfed
stop focusing on pain when grief too much
variables of grief
personal family characteristics
concurrent stressors
relationship w/deceased
nature of death
other losses we mourn
relationship dream home job country
post modern social constructionist
acknowledges multiplicity of perspectives
individual struggles their own
vacillating between avoiding/engaging in grief work
meaning
making sense of the loss finding benefits (eg growth)
kubler-ross (five stages of dying)
shock/denial anger/resentment/guilt bargaining depression acceptance
kastenbaum (criticism)
no stages no linear direction description vs one way totality of coping influences
grief tasks model
accepting reality of loss
experience the pain of grief
adjusting to environment without withdrawing from emotional energy from past relationship
growth oriented model (schneider)
awareness
acceptance
reformulation
pining
searching intense psychological pain separation anxiety anger guilt depression
phases of grief
Parkes
protest
despair
realization/reorganization
phases of grief
rando
avoidance
confrontation
accommodation
phases of grief
stroebe
integrative
dual process
phases of grief
rando, stroebe, weiss
process of mourning
researchers agree/phases (bozarth/rando)
avoidance
confrontation
accommodation
integrative theory of bereavement
shock awareness of loss conservation/withdrawal healing renewal
dual process model
Loss
yearn
cry
confront emotions
cling to past
dual process model
restoration
learn new routines
master new activities
create new traditions
fulfill new roles
R Process Model
recognizing reacting to reminiscing relinquish readjusting reinventing
excessive rumination
going over and over negative thoughts
cant get it out of their mind
prolonged distress
ruminators are…
neurotic
less mastery of lives
beset by multiple negative events
3 categories of complicated grief
separation distress
traumatic distress
somatic symptoms
complicated grief associated with conflicted/dependent relationships
angry
ambivalent
abusive
dependent
antecedent variables to complicated grief
prior losses
unaddressed stressors
mental health problems
perceived lack of social support
physical problems of complicated grief
higher mortality appetite changes depression increased substance abuse loss of interest in sex
psychological problems of complicated grief
increased somatic complaints anxiety depression insomnia self-injury
symptoms of complicated grief
intrusive thoughts yearning excessive loneliness purposelessness difficulty acknowledging death shattered worldview excessive irritability symptoms > 6 months
PTSD
recurrent distressing recollection
sense event will happen again
intense dreams of event
intense psychological reactivity
social ghosts
dream of them
hear voices
smell flowers
other evocative senses
adaptive coping strategies
accepting feelings of loss
discovering meaning
reorganizing id
social relationships reinvesting
problem focused coping
manage px distress
little research on effectiveness
3 crisis periods (demi)
numbness/yearning
disorganization
reorganization
deficit model of partner love (stroebe/stroebe)
concurrent negative stressors
gender
age
forewarning of loss
social support
resilience model
background characteristics
adversity
capacities
mental/physical well being
background characteristics
gender age developmental phase ethnicity nature of prior relationship
adversity
accumulation (unresolved prior loss)
capacities
resiliency
background characteristics personal capacities spirituality cultural capacities social environmental capacities family capacities culture/community capacities
personal factors
assertiveness flexibility tenacity optimism distancing ability intelligence group consciousness ability to find meaning
research-finding meaning
reordering priorities reconsider lives letting go of goals/finding new ones value in life storytelling/meaning
well being
physical health social functioning mental health ongoing connections to deceased integration of loss growth
