Midterm Flashcards
Define Vulnerability
states of susceptibility to harm, powerlessness,
and marginality of both physical and social systems
Define Health
the state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing
Micro Level:
personal autonomy, independence, and associated
individual rights.
Macro level:
Norms of reciprocity, trust, and social obligation
acknowledge the webs of interdependence and mutual support and caring
Individual (micro) health assessments:
measure the health status of individual community residents or patients (
Community (macro health assessments
statistical indicators of the rates of prevalence or incidence of morbidity or mortality, such as infant mortality rates,
Relative Risk
The ratio of the risk of poor health among groups
that are exposed to the risk factors versus those that are not.
Risk factors
attributes or exposures (i.e. smoking, drug use, and
lead paint poisoning) that are associated with or lead to increases in the probability of occurrence of health related outcomes.
Social Status
Refers to someone positioning or standing in comparison to others in a society.
Social Capital:
The people and support networks that a person has in their life that act to sustain that person through challenges, difficult and/or tough times. (quantity and quality of interpersonal ties among people )
Human Capital
The investments that communities make in good jobs, schools, and housing and the corollary payoffs to individuals and families in terms of working,
getting a good education, and having an adequate place to live directly affect vulnerability.
Medical Model
The medical model is a model of health which suggests that disease is detected and identified through a systematic process of:
(a) observation,
(b) description
(c) differentiation
in accordance with standard accepted procedures, such as medical examinations, tests, or a set of symptom descriptions.
There are three major criticisms of the model:
- It supports the false notion of dualism in health, whereby
biological and psychological problems are treated separately - It focuses too heavily on disability and impairment rather than
on individual’s abilities and strengths - It encourages paternalism within medicine rather than patient
empowerment.
What type of approach does the biopsuchosocial model use?
a holistic approach as it aims to treat both the patient and the disease.
Social factors also include
Culture, finances, access to care,
socioeconomic status, and situational stress.
Criticisms of the biopsychosocial Model
Unspecific in its approach
Time consuming
Not cost effective
Biological Domain include
genetics, curent illnesses, history of pregnancy and birth, mediations, relevant previous illnesses, substances
Basic counseling skills
Nursing
* Social work
* The medical profession
* Police and Ambulance service to name a few
* However, the art of listening can be practiced by almost anybody.
What are the main 6 microskills?
- Attending
- Questioning
- Minimal encouragers
- Paraphrases
- Reflections of feeling
- Summarizations
Attending skills
may be defined as the verbal and nonverbal
counseling skills. Examples: eye contact, body language, facial expresions, verval tracking
Closed-ended questions tend to provide
very specific direction to a
client and are thus highly efficient in getting specific information
sought
Open-ended questions
will typically elicit more extensive and
detailed information, which can then be followed up by the counselor,
and clients will tend to do more of the talking
Paraphrases
summarize or reflect the content in a client response, using the counselor’s own words to summarize or rephrase what the counselor has heard the client say
Microskills
serve as the foundation for an effective, therapeutic
relationship with clients
Spirit of Motivational Interviewing
Partnership, Acceotance, Compassion and Evocation
There are four general counseling skills termed the “microskills” that are used strategically within MI.
Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflections, and Summary Statements
Principles of Motivational interviewing
Expressing empathy, developing Discrepancy, Rolling with resistance, supporting self- efficiency
4 language sof motivational interrviewing
Sustain talk, Change talk, discord talk and commitment talk.
4 processes of motivational inteviewing…
engage, focus, evoke, plan
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) concentrates on
finding solutions in the present time and exploring one’s hope for the future to find quicker resolution of one’s problems
SFBT questions
- Scaling questions
- Exception questions
- Miracle questions
- Coping questions
- relationship quetions
Goal Setting (SMART)
S- specific
M- Measurable
A- Attainable
R- Realistic
T- Timely
What is CBT?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy developed by
American psychiatrist Aaron Beck.
- focuses on modifying dysfunctional
emotions, behaviors, and thoughts by interrogating and uprooting negative or
irrational beliefs.
CBT is based on several core believes, including:
-Psychological problems are based, in part, on faulty or unhelpful ways of
thinking.
* Psychological problems are based, in part, on learned patterns of unhelpful
behavior.
* People suffering from psychological problems can learn better ways of coping
with them, thereby relieving their symptoms and becoming more effective in
their lives.
Thinking Process
Trigger -> Automatic Thoughts -> feelings -> Behaviors
Cognitive Distortions
thoughts that cause individuals to perceive reality inaccurately.
Types of Cognitive Distortions
1.Arbitrary Inference
2.Selective Abstraction
3.Overgeneralization
4.Personalization
5.Magnification/ Minimization
6.Dichotomous Thinking
general systems theory
focuses on the transactional patterns between
components of a system and on the transactions between one system and
another.
Family systems theory
is a theory of human behavior that views the family as an emotional unit and examines the bonds and interactions to describe the complex interactions in the unit
Nuclear Family Emotional Process
location in families where problems develop during times of
heightened anxiety.
*Bowen described 4 fundamental problem patterns that occur in
families during times of stress:
* (1) caregiver/spousal conflict;
* (2) dysfunction in one caregiver/spouse;
* (3) impairment in one or more children; and
* (4) emotional distancing.
Vertical stressors, Horizontal stressors and intersections
Vertical stressors: emotional norms and rules transmitted across generations.
Horizontal stressors: refer to predictable (developmental crises) and unpredictable current events
Intersection: family dysfunction is most likely greatest when vertical
and horizontal stressors intersect.
