Midterm Flashcards
Define Vulnerability
states of susceptibility to harm, powerlessness,
and marginality of both physical and social systems
Define Health
the state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing
Micro Level:
personal autonomy, independence, and associated
individual rights.
Macro level:
Norms of reciprocity, trust, and social obligation
acknowledge the webs of interdependence and mutual support and caring
Individual (micro) health assessments:
measure the health status of individual community residents or patients (
Community (macro health assessments
statistical indicators of the rates of prevalence or incidence of morbidity or mortality, such as infant mortality rates,
Relative Risk
The ratio of the risk of poor health among groups
that are exposed to the risk factors versus those that are not.
Risk factors
attributes or exposures (i.e. smoking, drug use, and
lead paint poisoning) that are associated with or lead to increases in the probability of occurrence of health related outcomes.
Social Status
Refers to someone positioning or standing in comparison to others in a society.
Social Capital:
The people and support networks that a person has in their life that act to sustain that person through challenges, difficult and/or tough times. (quantity and quality of interpersonal ties among people )
Human Capital
The investments that communities make in good jobs, schools, and housing and the corollary payoffs to individuals and families in terms of working,
getting a good education, and having an adequate place to live directly affect vulnerability.
Medical Model
The medical model is a model of health which suggests that disease is detected and identified through a systematic process of:
(a) observation,
(b) description
(c) differentiation
in accordance with standard accepted procedures, such as medical examinations, tests, or a set of symptom descriptions.
There are three major criticisms of the model:
- It supports the false notion of dualism in health, whereby
biological and psychological problems are treated separately - It focuses too heavily on disability and impairment rather than
on individual’s abilities and strengths - It encourages paternalism within medicine rather than patient
empowerment.
What type of approach does the biopsuchosocial model use?
a holistic approach as it aims to treat both the patient and the disease.
Social factors also include
Culture, finances, access to care,
socioeconomic status, and situational stress.
Criticisms of the biopsychosocial Model
Unspecific in its approach
Time consuming
Not cost effective
Biological Domain include
genetics, curent illnesses, history of pregnancy and birth, mediations, relevant previous illnesses, substances
Basic counseling skills
Nursing
* Social work
* The medical profession
* Police and Ambulance service to name a few
* However, the art of listening can be practiced by almost anybody.
What are the main 6 microskills?
- Attending
- Questioning
- Minimal encouragers
- Paraphrases
- Reflections of feeling
- Summarizations
Attending skills
may be defined as the verbal and nonverbal
counseling skills. Examples: eye contact, body language, facial expresions, verval tracking
Closed-ended questions tend to provide
very specific direction to a
client and are thus highly efficient in getting specific information
sought
Open-ended questions
will typically elicit more extensive and
detailed information, which can then be followed up by the counselor,
and clients will tend to do more of the talking
Paraphrases
summarize or reflect the content in a client response, using the counselor’s own words to summarize or rephrase what the counselor has heard the client say
Microskills
serve as the foundation for an effective, therapeutic
relationship with clients
