Midterm

Question 1

Define Vulnerability

Answer 1

states of susceptibility to harm, powerlessness,
and marginality of both physical and social systems

Question 2

Define Health

Answer 2

the state of complete physical, mental, and social well­being

Question 3

Micro Level:

Answer 3

personal autonomy, independence, and associated
individual rights.

Question 4

Macro level:

Answer 4

Norms of reciprocity, trust, and social obligation
acknowledge the webs of interdependence and mutual support and caring

Question 5

Individual (micro) health assessments:

Answer 5

measure the health status of individual community residents or patients (

Question 6

Community (macro health assessments

Answer 6

statistical indicators of the rates of prevalence or incidence of morbidity or mortality, such as infant mortality rates,

Question 7

Relative Risk

Answer 7

The ratio of the risk of poor health among groups
that are exposed to the risk factors versus those that are not.

Question 8

Risk factors

Answer 8

attributes or exposures (i.e. smoking, drug use, and
lead paint poisoning) that are associated with or lead to increases in the probability of occurrence of health­ related outcomes.

Question 9

Social Status

Answer 9

Refers to someone positioning or standing in comparison to others in a society.

Question 10

Social Capital:

Answer 10

The people and support networks that a person has in their life that act to sustain that person through challenges, difficult and/or tough times. (quantity and quality of interpersonal ties among people )

Question 11

Human Capital

Answer 11

The investments that communities make in good jobs, schools, and housing and the corollary payoffs to individuals and families in terms of working,
getting a good education, and having an adequate place to live directly affect vulnerability.

Question 12

Medical Model

Answer 12

The medical model is a model of health which suggests that disease is detected and identified through a systematic process of:
(a) observation,
(b) description
(c) differentiation
in accordance with standard accepted procedures, such as medical examinations, tests, or a set of symptom descriptions.

Question 13

There are three major criticisms of the model:

Answer 13

1. It supports the false notion of dualism in health, whereby
   biological and psychological problems are treated separately
2. It focuses too heavily on disability and impairment rather than
   on individual’s abilities and strengths
3. It encourages paternalism within medicine rather than patient
   empowerment.

Question 14

What type of approach does the biopsuchosocial model use?

Answer 14

a holistic approach as it aims to treat both the patient and the disease.

Question 15

Social factors also include

Answer 15

Culture, finances, access to care,
socioeconomic status, and situational stress.

Question 16

Criticisms of the biopsychosocial Model

Answer 16

Unspecific in its approach
Time consuming
Not cost effective

Question 17

Biological Domain include

Answer 17

genetics, curent illnesses, history of pregnancy and birth, mediations, relevant previous illnesses, substances

Question 18

Basic counseling skills

Answer 18

Nursing
* Social work
* The medical profession
* Police and Ambulance service to name a few
* However, the art of listening can be practiced by almost anybody.

Question 19

What are the main 6 microskills?

Answer 19

1. Attending
2. Questioning
3. Minimal encouragers
4. Paraphrases
5. Reflections of feeling
6. Summarizations

Question 20

Attending skills

Answer 20

may be defined as the verbal and nonverbal
counseling skills. Examples: eye contact, body language, facial expresions, verval tracking

Question 21

Closed-ended questions tend to provide

Answer 21

very specific direction to a
client and are thus highly efficient in getting specific information
sought

Question 22

Open-ended questions

Answer 22

will typically elicit more extensive and
detailed information, which can then be followed up by the counselor,
and clients will tend to do more of the talking

Question 23

Paraphrases

Answer 23

summarize or reflect the content in a client response, using the counselor’s own words to summarize or rephrase what the counselor has heard the client say

Question 24

Microskills

Answer 24

serve as the foundation for an effective, therapeutic
relationship with clients

Question 25

Spirit of Motivational Interviewing

Answer 25

Partnership, Acceotance, Compassion and Evocation

Question 26

There are four general counseling skills termed the “microskills” that are used strategically within MI.

Answer 26

Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflections, and Summary Statements

Question 27

Principles of Motivational interviewing

Answer 27

Expressing empathy, developing Discrepancy, Rolling with resistance, supporting self- efficiency

Question 28

4 language sof motivational interrviewing

Answer 28

Sustain talk, Change talk, discord talk and commitment talk.

Question 29

4 processes of motivational inteviewing…

Answer 29

engage, focus, evoke, plan

Question 30

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) concentrates on

Answer 30

finding solutions in the present time and exploring one’s hope for the future to find quicker resolution of one’s problems

Question 31

SFBT questions

Answer 31

• Scaling questions
• Exception questions
• Miracle questions
• Coping questions
• relationship quetions

Question 32

Goal Setting (SMART)

Answer 32

S- specific
M- Measurable
A- Attainable
R- Realistic
T- Timely

Question 33

What is CBT?

Answer 33

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy developed by
American psychiatrist Aaron Beck.
- focuses on modifying dysfunctional
emotions, behaviors, and thoughts by interrogating and uprooting negative or
irrational beliefs.

Question 34

CBT is based on several core believes, including:

Answer 34

-Psychological problems are based, in part, on faulty or unhelpful ways of
thinking.
* Psychological problems are based, in part, on learned patterns of unhelpful
behavior.
* People suffering from psychological problems can learn better ways of coping
with them, thereby relieving their symptoms and becoming more effective in
their lives.

Question 35

Thinking Process

Answer 35

Trigger -> Automatic Thoughts -> feelings -> Behaviors

Question 36

Cognitive Distortions

Answer 36

thoughts that cause individuals to perceive reality inaccurately.

Question 37

Types of Cognitive Distortions

Answer 37

1.Arbitrary Inference
2.Selective Abstraction
3.Overgeneralization
4.Personalization
5.Magnification/ Minimization
6.Dichotomous Thinking

Question 38

general systems theory

Answer 38

focuses on the transactional patterns between
components of a system and on the transactions between one system and
another.

Question 39

Family systems theory

Answer 39

is a theory of human behavior that views the family as an emotional unit and examines the bonds and interactions to describe the complex interactions in the unit

Question 40

Nuclear Family Emotional Process

Answer 40

location in families where problems develop during times of
heightened anxiety.
*Bowen described 4 fundamental problem patterns that occur in
families during times of stress:
* (1) caregiver/spousal conflict;
* (2) dysfunction in one caregiver/spouse;
* (3) impairment in one or more children; and
* (4) emotional distancing.

Question 41

Vertical stressors, Horizontal stressors and intersections

Answer 41

Vertical stressors: emotional norms and rules transmitted across generations.
Horizontal stressors: refer to predictable (developmental crises) and unpredictable current events
Intersection: family dysfunction is most likely greatest when vertical
and horizontal stressors intersect.