Midterm

Question 1

Burgfrieden

Answer 1

Political peace and resolutions within the country during times of war.

Question 2

Battle of Tannenberg

Answer 2

On August 26, 1914, the German 8th Army, under the leadership of Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, strikes with lethal force against the advancing Russian 2nd Army, led by General Aleksandr Samsonov, in East Prussia during the opening weeks of the First World War.

Question 3

Miracle on the Marne/First Battle of the Marne

Answer 3

Marne river valley western front, Foreshadowed the long conflict ahead, prevented an early german victory, Germanys strong developments were finally broken and pushed back from overwhelming France

Question 4

Mustafa Kemal

Answer 4

Ottoman Commander in the Battle of Gallipoli, helped to win the battle and Further Battles

Question 5

Conrad von Hötzendorf

Answer 5

was the Chief of General staff fort he A-h Empire, lead troops in the balkans and galicia, continually defeated, at one point regarded as a strong strategist but ultimately did not do a good job.

Question 6

Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck

Answer 6

Lead the german armies in the African campaigns, was successful war tactics and continually dealt damage to British and Indian resources, eventually having to surrender due

Question 7

The 21 Demands

Answer 7

The demands called for confirmation of Japan’s railway and mining claims in Shandong province; granting of special concessions in Manchuria; Sino-Japanese control of the Han-Ye-Ping mining base in central China; access to harbours, bays, and islands along China’s coast; and Japanese control, through advisers, of Chinese financial, political, and police affairs.

Question 8

The Gallipoli Campaign

Answer 8

An allied attack on the Gallipoli Peninsula attempting to weaken the ottoman empire and cut off resources, the year long war cost both sides over 100,000 men and was a failed attempt at disrupting the ottoman empire, leading to an allied withdraw and demotion for Winston Churchill.

Question 9

The Tarnów-Gorlice Offensive

Answer 9

A-H allowed Germany to lead its troops during the offensives due to previous large losses, Germany hoped with collaboration with A-H to nock out the Russians.

Question 10

VADs

Answer 10

Voluntary aid detachment, volunteer civilian nurses mainly helping GB in the care for wounded soldiers. There was a shortage of nurses during the war and civilian volunteers stepped in to fill these gaps.

Question 11

Battle of Verdun

Answer 11

Western front in France, longest of the war (nearly a year) Storm troop tactics introduced, battle of attrition by GB, France, Russia, Italy, and Serbia intended to fight D and A-H until they ran out of resources, France suffered significant losses, German big bertha employed, bloody battle with fast rates of death, little was gained.

Question 12

The Brusilov Offensive

Answer 12

A strong offensive lead by general Brusilov, one of Russians most successful battles that dealt a large blow to A-H and towards the end of the battle Germany, but at a large cost of lives to the Russians and the A-H, D. Russian troops lost morale towards the end of the battle, large losses from all involved, forced A-H to fall under German leadership

Question 13

Battle of the Somme

Answer 13

Lions led by donkeys, French used concentrated shelling to loosen German defenses, both sides fueling the battle with manpower turned it into another bloodbath. Tanks were used for the first time by the British, causing some of the greatest gains in the battle, many mechanical problems, German ace red baron scored kills during the battle.

Question 14

Mustard gas

Answer 14

brought to the war by the Germans, denoted mustard gas due to its yellowish color, the gas caused blisters and irritation to the eyes lungs and skin, effectively forces soldiers to wear disorienting gas masks, limiting vision of all parties and hampering soldiers.

Question 15

Storm troops

Answer 15

specially trained German groups armed with automatic weapons, hand grenades, trench mortars and flamethrowers, trained for sudden advancements of trenches, battle of Verdun.

Question 16

Battle of Jutland

Answer 16

1916 Largest naval engagement of WWI, Germany won the battle losing half the tonnage GB did. GB did not peruse the retreating high sea fleet until they were to far gone. Germany: Admiral sheer, GB Admiral Jellico

Question 17

Germans’ unrestricted submarine warfare

Answer 17

Any ship thought to be contributing to the war was subsequently sunk without warning by German U-Boats, 6 boats patrolling in the area.

Question 18

“The world must be made safe for democracy”

Answer 18

Wilsons speech to congress on April second, war is to stand behind our ideals. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty

Question 19

Why most volunteer nurses (like Red Cross nurses) came from the middle class?

Answer 19

At this stage of the war women began to be invited to serve in a range of capacities, of which nursing was one. Thousands of young women from middle-class homes with little experience of domestic work, not much relevant education and total ignorance of male bodies, volunteered and found themselves pitched into military hospitals.

Question 20

Dual power arrangement/structure

Answer 20

The collapse of the monarchy left two rival political institutions–the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet–to share administrative authority over the country.

Question 21

ANZAC

Answer 21

Australian and New Zealand Army corps, fought in the battle of Gallipoli, formed in Egypt

Question 22

Paul von Hindenburg/Erich Ludendorff

Answer 22

Lead the german army in a victory in the battle of tannenberg, dealt a lethal blow to the Russian army

Question 23

white South African government’s refusal to allow black South African volunteers to join its army during WWI

Answer 23

The soldiers were not of european descent, as this is a war waged by whites and they do not want to involve non whites, The defense act states that native people are not of interests to get involved. The argument against this is the africans are just as effected by the war, are loyal to the leaders of the united kingdom, and already serve in other manors.