Midterm Flashcards
Name 7 factors affect menu planning planning?
- customer satisfaction
- sociocultural factors
- food habit and preferences
- nutritional and diet specific needs
- aesthetics
- sustainability
- management decisions (production capability , food costs, type of service, availability of food)
What are 3 types of menus
- static
- cycle
- single use
What are 4 types of menu presentation?
- paper menu
- spoken menu
- room service menu
- using menu boards
Why is a menu considered a primary control of foodservice operation?
- it is a big determinant for budget
- it reflects the organization’s brand identity
- it dictates number and types of dishes, etc
What is the theory of constraints
a constraint is anything in an org that keeps the org from reaching its goals
It is concerned with exploiting constraints that slow productions
What are 3 approaches to quality?
- Quality assurance
- Total quality management (TQM)
- Continuous quality improvement (CQI) - reengineering and lean
What are 5 aspects of Quality Assurance (which is an approach to quality)
- output oriented
- Defining measurable quality standards
- Controls in place to ensure standard are met
- Reactive process
- Predicated on follow-up and inspection
What is TQM
- Total quality management
- an approach to quality
Directed at improving customer satisfaction - has 6 components: focus on customer, concern for continuous improvement, Focus on process, imrpovement in quality, accurate measurement, empowerment of employees
What is quality?
Quality is the characteristics of a produce that bears on its ability to satisfy needs
What is lean? What are the 5 steps to lean
Lean is an aspect of Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI), which is reviewing operations on regular basis with goal of finding ways to continuously improve.
The core idea of lean is to maximize customer value while minimizing waste.
There are 5 steps in lean:
1) identify which features create value for customers
2) document the value stream
3) improve flow
4) customer pulls product through process
5) perfect the process
What are the 2 main types of production decisions?
1) forecasting
2) planning and production schedule
What are the 4 main types of foodservice systems?
1) conventional
2) ready prepared
3) commissary
4) assembly serve
Conventional food systems typically have:
____ labour
____ food costs
____ menu
high labour costs
moderate food costs
cycle/static menu
What are the 4 types of foodservice
A) conventional
B) Ready-prepared
C) Commissary
D) assembly-serve
What is an input?
any human, physical, or operational resource required to accomplish objectives of a system
What are 4 examples of inputs?
- materials (food)
- human (labour)
- operational (money)
- facilities (equipment)
What is transformation in a food system
any activity used to change inputs to outputs
what are the 3 aspects of transformation in food systems?
- management functions
- linking process
- functional subsystems
What is an output?
the goods and services that result from transforming the output
What are some examples of outputs?
- meals in proper quantitity and qualtiy
- customer satisfaction
- employee satisfaction
- financial accountability
What are examples of internal controls?
What are examples of external controls?
internal controls: plans, goals, policies, MENU
external controls: policies, regulations
this provides guidance for a system
controls
Why is feedback in a system important?
- it helps the system adjust to changes
- it improves quality
examples of environmental factors that might affect a food system
- tech innovations
- globalization
- competition
- political changes
what are the 2 types of foodservice industries?
- commercial (selling food is primary)
- insitiutional (selling food is secondary)
what are 6 characteristics of an open food system?
- interdependency (everything is related)
- dynamic equilibrium (system’s continuous response to environemtn)
- equifinity (many methods can achieve same result)
- permeable boundaries (influenced by external environemnt)
- interface systems (the area of overlap between 2 systems)
- hierarchy of system
What are 3 (out of 7) examples of foodservice operating practices?
- contracting
- franchising
- partnering
- small business ownership
- self operation
- multi department management
- multisite management
what are the 4 stages of green (sustainaibility) in a foodsystem
- stage 1 - legal approach - firm does what is legally required to do
- stage 2 - market approach - firm responds to customer preference
- stage 3 - stakeholder approach - try to meet demands of many stakeholders
- stage 4 - activist - approach - try to be socially responsible
What is reengineering?
the fundamental rethinking of an organization’s processes in order to acheive dramatic improvements in performance
What is the goal of food production?
quantity
quality
What is forecasting?
trying to estimate what you will need when you will need it
it is one element in production decisions
What is the goal of forecasting?
satisfied customers
What are 5 considerations when selecting a forecasting model (as part of production decisions)
A) cost
B) required accuracy
C) relevance of past data
D) forecasting lead times
E) underlying patterns of behaviour
what are the 3 most common types of forecasting models?
- time series models
- causal models
- subjective models
List 4 factors that affect menu planning
customer satisfaction
sociocultural factors
sustainability
aesthetic
food habits
nutrition
management decision (food cost, production capability, types of service)
What are 3 types of ready-prepared service?
cook-chill
cook-freeze
sous-vide
what are the 2 main aspects of ingredient control?
ingredient assembly
recipe standardization
What are 5 items involved in quantity food production?
- controlling ingredients
- energy consumption
- labour productivity
- quality of food
- production methods
What are 4 signs of successful production planning?
- if customer is satisfied
- if food is safe
- if there is enough quantity
- if you met budget demands
What are 4 different methods of heat transfer?
- conduction
- convection
- radiation
- induction
3 key equipment items in foodservice?
- combi-oven (convection air + steam
- tilting skillet
- convection microwave
How do you calculate % yield of something?
EP/AP x 100
How do you calculate recipe yield
Total weight of recipe / serving size weight
How do you calculate new recipe yield
OG recipe yield / new serving size
How do you calculate volume to weight ratio?
Weight of serving / volume of serving
How do you calculate the recipe conversion factor?
new recipe yield (# of servings) / old recipe yield (# of servings)
How do you calculate the expansion factor?
weight EP / weight AP
What is the scoop formula?
of oz = 32 / scoop #
What is the formula for Celsius
C = 5/9(F-32)
What is the formula for Faihrenheit?
F = 9/5C + 32
how man oz is 1 fl oz?
1 regular oz?
28.41 mL
28.3 g
2/3 cups
150 mL
151.2 mL
1 cup
227.3 mL
250 mL
1/2 cup
113.7 mL
125 mL
1/2 tsp
2 mL
2.4 mL
why is a system’s approach good?
- helps with problem solving
- helps with decision making
- helps workers evaluate current practices
What is an example of materials input
food
supplies
what is an example of human input
labour
skills
what is ane xample of operational inputs
money,
time
utilities
information
what is an example of facilities input
space
equipment
what are the 3 types of transformation? what do they mean / entail
- management functions
- coordinates the subsystems and says what to do when things arent operating properly
- planninig, organization, staffing - functional subsystems
- procurement
- production
- sanitation and safety
- distribution and services - linking processes
- connections between resources , staff, management
what are 4 main outputs of the foodsystem
- employee satisfaction
- customer satisfaction
- financial accountability
- quality and quantity
what are the 3 main purposes of controls
- ensures reources are used effectively
- ensures org is abiding by rules
- provides standard
List 4 internal controls
plans
goals / objectives
policies
menu
External controls
policies and regulations
What is a sustainable food system
the ability to meet the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their nees
what is the process of tqm?
identify problem
determine cause
develop test to measure improvvement
select best solution
collect data
What are 3 aspects of a sustainable food system?
- it is ecologically sound
- it is socially acceptable
- it is economically viable
What are some types of waste that can be addressed with lean thinking?
- over production
- inventory
- waiting
- defects
- non used talent
- too much processing
What are some challenges with implementing good quality?
- quality vs. productivity
- quality vs. cost
what are 3 health outcomes of good quality?
- patient satisfaction
- clinical outcomes
- economic outcomes
for a business, a menu can act as:
a sales tool
a customer education tool
What is a menu pattern?
an outline of menu item categories for each meal
example: for dinner menu its appetizer, entree, dessert
What are 4 things to think about when planning a menu
- menu should have broad and regional appeal
- need to balance labour and food costs
- need to add variety to seasonal menus
- keep cyclic menus fun by including new items with old favourits
how to calculate food costs
COGS / total = % food cost
What is food product flow?
different paths within foodservice operations that food and menu items follow. ends with service to customer
what are the various aspects of food product flow?
- procurement
- production
- transport
- hot tansport
- hot holding
- chilled storage
- bulk reheating
- meal reheating
- meal assembly
- service to customer
food product flow occurs in which part of the food system
the transformation step
what are 2 key controls in ready-prepared
1) time
2) temperature
is readyprepared centralized or decentralized?
decentralized
give example of readyprepared
fast good! smile cookies
is commissary centralized or decentralized?
centralized
is conventioanl centralized or decentralized
can be either
characteristics of conventional food operations
- high labour costs
- moderate food costs
- cylic or static menu
- ingredients can be processed or unprocecessed
- for immediate service
characteristics of ready prepared
- labour costs are moderate
- food costs are high
- need special equipment for chilling and freezing
- static menu
- not for immediate use
characteristics of commissary
- high labour
- low food
- special equipment
- cylic menu
assembly serve
- low labour
- high food
- speical equipment
- cyclic
- high degree of processing
assembly serve
- low labour
- high food
- speical equipment
- cyclic
- high degree of processing
what are 3 methods used for forecasting?
- historical records
- intuition
- complex models
one should consider 5 things when determining what forecasting models to use
1) cost
2. required accuracy
3. how relevant is past data
4. what is the forecasting lead time
5. what is the underlying pattern of behaviour
what are 3 types of forecasting models
- time series
- causal
- subjective
what is a time series forecasting model
it assumes that actual occurences follow clear patterns
- for short term use
- not accurate, but gives general trend
- Example: moving average, exponential smoothing
what is a causal forecasting model?
assumes one thing leads to anither. you have pumpkin pie on the menu, so need whipped cream
what is a subjective forecasting model
- tried congeee, didnt know what to expect
- no relationship between data. rely on opinion
Things to include on a production schedule
- person responsible
- menu item assigned
- quantity
- preparation time
what are the advantages of centralized ingredient control in food production?
1) stops employees from taking large quanntities
2) redirects cooks skills
3) limits overproduction
what are the 3 steps in recipe standardization?
1) recipe verification (review recipe, make recipe, verify yield, record changes)
2) product evaluation (visual appearance, flavour, cost, labour)
3) quantity adjustment (factor method, % method, direc reading measurement tables)
what are the limits of recipe standardization?
- wont improvde quality if ingredients
- cant elimintate variation
What are the 5 aspects of quantity food production?
- control ingredients
- control production methods
- quality of food
- labour productivity
- energy consumption
what are 4 aspects of successful production planning?
- satisfied customer
- safe food
- meets demands
- meets budget
what are 3 reasons to cook food
- destroy harmful microorganisms
- increase digestiblity
- enhance flavour, colour etc
cooking methods are classified as either
- most heat - involves using water or steam
- dry heat - involves using dry air, hot metal, etc
What are 2 examples of production controls
- quantity control
- quality control
- time and temp
- product yield
- portion control
recipe standardization is one part of
ingredient control (production)
ingredient assembly is one part of
ingrdient control
What are the things one has to think about when menu planning for LTC?
- menu mattern (3 meals, 3 snacks
- degree of choice
- menu structure - typical breakfast, light lunch, heavy dinner
- type of menu - cyclic - 3-5 weeks
- sustaunability
- management decisions like food costs, type of service
- ustomer satisfaction
- nutritional needs
- aesthetics
