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Networking > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

What is a SOHO?

A

Small Office Home Office Network

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2
Q

What is media with a network?

A

Physical medium on which the data signal travels.
e.g. copper wire, fiber-optic, electromagnetic waves

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3
Q

What are the three common methods of signal transmission in networks?

A
  1. Electrical
  2. Optical
  3. Wireless
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4
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The measurement of the theoretical speed at which data can be delivered across media

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5
Q

How is bandwidth typically measured?

A

Bits per second

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6
Q

What is throughput?

A

A measure of the actual transfer of bits across media.

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7
Q

What is a host?

A

Any computer connected to a network

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8
Q

What is a server?

A

A host that provides information to other hosts

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9
Q

What is a client?

A

A host that requests information from a server

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10
Q

What are the 3 categories of hardware components?

A
  1. Intermediate devices
  2. End devices
  3. Network Media
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11
Q

What is a peer-to-peer network?

A

When computers on a network act as both client and server

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12
Q

What does ping do?

A

Measures the time it takes for a message to make a round trip from the source of the ping to the destination

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13
Q

What does traceroute do?

A

Shows the route a message takes from source to destination

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14
Q

What is each network that traceroute travels to?

A

A hop

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15
Q

What is the GSM network?

A

Global System for Mobile Communications

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16
Q

What hardware must an end-user device have in order to connect to a network?

A

Network Interface Card

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17
Q

What is an NIC?

A

Network Interface Card

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18
Q

What does an IP address do?

A

Identify the host on a network

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19
Q

What does a subnet mask do?

A

Identifies the network on which the host is connected?

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20
Q

What is the default gateway?

A

Identifies the networking device that the host uses to access the internet

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21
Q

What is DHCP?

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

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22
Q

What are the 4 main criteria when considering network media?

A
  1. Distance
  2. Environment
  3. Amount of data
  4. Cost
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23
Q

What is the most commonly used media?

A

Twisted-Pair cable

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24
Q

What kind of cable is ethernet?

A

Twisted-pair

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25
Q

What is copper cable sensitive to?

A

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

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26
Q

What is crosstalk?

A

Interference from cables bundled together for long lengths

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27
Q

What are the three elements of all communication methods?

A
  1. Message Source (Sender)
  2. Destination (Receiver)
  3. Transmission Medium (Channel)
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28
Q

What are the layers of the TCP/IP model?

A

4 - Application
3 - Transport
2 - Internet
1 - Network Access

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29
Q

What is the internet model?

A

The TCP/IP model

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30
Q

What are the layers of the OSI model?

A

7 - Application
6 - Presentation
5 - Session
4 - Transport
3 - Network
2 - Data Link
1 - Physical

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31
Q

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for IP addressing and routing?

A

3 - Network

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32
Q

Which layer of the OSI model encodes the data bits for transmission?

A

1 - Physical layer

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33
Q

What layers of the OSI model does the ethernet protocol operate at?

A

1 - Physical
2 - Data Link

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34
Q

What is a MAC?

A

Media Access Control Address

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35
Q

What is another way of saying MAC address?

A

Physical Address

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36
Q

What is a message encapsulated to with the ethernet protocol?

A

A Frame

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37
Q

What is included in an ethernet frame?

A
  1. Preamble
  2. Start Frame Delimiter
  3. Destination MAC
  4. Source MAC
  5. Length/type
  6. Data
  7. Frame check sequence
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38
Q

What is another way to say ethernet frame?

A

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

39
Q

What kind of address does an ethernet frame use?

A

MAC

40
Q

What size is an ethernet frame?

A

64-1518 bytes

41
Q

What are the three layers of the hierarchical network?

A
  1. Access
  2. Distribution
  3. Core
42
Q

Where on a device is the MAC address?

A

Network Interface Card

43
Q

What kind of table does a switch use to send messages?

A

MAC Address Table

44
Q

What does a switch do when it cannot find the destination MAC address in the MAC table?

A

Flooding (sends a broadcast to all devices to fill in table with missing address)

45
Q

What is the broadcast MAC address?

A

FFFF.FFFF.FFFF

46
Q

How does a host find another host’s MAC address with an IP address?

A

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

47
Q

What are the 3 steps involved in ARP?

A
  1. Sending host creates a broadcast message with the IP address of the intended destination
  2. The host with the matching IP address sends its MAC address to the sender
  3. The sender receives the MAC address and stores it in an ARP table
48
Q

What layer of the OSI model do routers work at?

A

3 - Networking

49
Q

How does a router deal with a frame intended for another network?

A

Reads the destination IP address, matches it to a routing table, then encapsulates it into a new frame (with new MAC address representing router) and forwards the frame.

50
Q

How does a router know the MAC address of another router?

A

Address Resolution Protocol Table (ARP Table)

51
Q

What is an intranet?

A

A private LAN

52
Q

What kind of an address is an IP address?

A

Logical Address

53
Q

How many bits is an IPv4 address?

A

32 bits

54
Q

What is a subnet mask?

A

Signifies which part of an IPv4 address is the network

55
Q

How do you calculate the number of hosts that can be on a network?

A

2 to the power of the number of host bits (minus 2 for broadcast and network ID)

56
Q

What is CIDR

A

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

57
Q

What are the 3 private address blocks?

A
  1. 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
  2. 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
  3. 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
58
Q

What is NAT?

A

Network Address Translation

59
Q

How are private IPv4 addresses converted to public?

A

Network Address Translation (NAT)

60
Q

What is a unicast transmission?

A

A transmission from host-to-host

61
Q

What IPv4 addresses are reserved for multicast?

A

224.0.0.0 - 239.0.0.0

62
Q

What is DHCP?

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

63
Q

How many bits in an IPv6 address?

A

128 bits

64
Q

How are IPv6 addresses represented?

A

8 hextets (4 digits of hexadecimal)

65
Q

What are the 2 steps for compressing an IPv6 address?

A
  1. Remove any leading zeros
  2. Omit “all zero” segments and replace with a double colon (::)
66
Q

What is a DNS?

A

Domain Name System - resolves internet names to IP addresses

67
Q

What is SSH?

A

Secure Shell - Remote access to servers

68
Q

What is SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

69
Q

What is POP

A

Post Office Protocol

70
Q

What is IMAP

A

Internet Message Access Protocol

71
Q

Which two email protocols retrieve email from remote servers?

A

IMAP and POP

72
Q

Which layer does HTTP operate at?

A

Application layer

73
Q

Which layer does TCP operate at?

A

Transport layer

74
Q

What does TCP mean?

A

Transport Control Protocol

75
Q

What layer does DHCP operate at?

A

Application layer

76
Q

What layer does UDP operate at?

A

Transport layer

77
Q

What is UDP?

A

User Datagram Protocol

78
Q

What does TCP break messages down into?

A

Segments

79
Q

What is meant by “best effort” protocol?

A

Does not use acknowledgement (ACK)

80
Q

Which transport protocol does HTTP use?

A

TCP

81
Q

What port is used by HTTP?

A

80

82
Q

What port is DNS?

A

53

83
Q

What port is HTTPS?

A

443

84
Q

What is a socket?

A

Combination of IP address and port number that identifies conversation between two devices

85
Q

What is the source port?

A

Randomly generated port number

86
Q

What is Telnet used for?

A

Remote access to a network

87
Q

What is the problem with Telnet?

A

Unable to encrypt data

88
Q

What frequency does bluetooth use?

A

2.4 GHz

89
Q

Is it possible to detect collisions with a wireless signal?

A

No

90
Q

What is CSMA/CA

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance

91
Q

How does CSMA/CA work?

A

Device creates a reservation on a channel to avoid collisions.

92
Q

How does a wireless device ask for permission to use a channel?

A

Request to Send (RTS)

93
Q

What is the response if it is fine for a wireless device to use a channel?

A

Clear to Send (CTS)

94
Q

Which type of cable internet uses telephone wires?

A

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Networking (11 decks)

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