Midterm Flashcards
Migrant
Someone living outside their country for a year or more
Forced migrant
People who have been forced to leave their own country because of conflict, persecution, or environmental reasons
Convention refugee
Person outside his/her country or habitual residence
Asylum seeker
Person who has applied for international protection, which is judged by UN convention
-Successful applicants are given refugee status
Refugee
Someone who is outside their country of nationality for fear of being persecuted
Internationally displaced person’s
People who have fled their homes but have been unable to leave their countries
Irregular migrants
Migrants who enter a country without or with fake documents, or enter legal but stay after visa or work permit has expired
-Have bridged administrative rules and regulations
Transnational communities
Some migrants have begun to live in between nations
-Maintain social, economic, and political contacts w people and places in their country of origin that transcend national boundaries
Diaspora
When migrants from one region living in the same destination country come together in formal organizations
Brain drain
The most skilled people are selected for migration, leaving their country of origin with a depletion of these skills
Circular migration
Migrants return home for a short period of time then migrate again
Hospitality
Hosting capability in relation to a foreigner
Migration push factors
War, climate change, persecution
Pull factors
Family, new opportunities
Low to high agency migration (involuntary to voluntary)
Forced, economic, family, amenity seeking/lifestyle
Colony
a) country/area under full or partial control of another country
b) Group of people of one nationality/ethnic group living in a foreign city or country
c) Biology: Animals/plants living close together; fungi/bacteria grown from single spore
Colonize & colonization
A country sending a group of settlers to a place some distance from the country, establishing political control over some outside entity, or control for their own use
Colonialism
Acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers and/or exploiting it economically
Settler colonialism
Large-scale immigration by settlers to colonies/settlements (motivated by religious, political, economic reasons)
Exploitation colonialism
Fewer settlers, focuses on exploitation of natural resources or labour for the benefit of the home country
Trade colonialism
Colonialist ventures in support of trade opportunities for merchants
Territorial conquest
Proclaims sovereignty
Imperialism
A broader category than colonialism; large scale power, domination, control
Dominations
The practice of power, relying primarily on coercion
Hegemony
Supports domination; practice or power rests on consent
Types of colonies in the roman empire
1.Coast-guard military “plantations” along coasts of Italy
2.Military “colonies” established in conquered territories; somewhat larger
3.Veteran “colonies”. Begins late 2nd century BCE for releasing land pressure, and making land available for landless freedmen
4.Later, “colonia” used to refer to highest rank an urban community could attain
Hospitality according to Bully
It can be positive and negative
Can be abusive by guests or host
There is complete openness and varying degrees of closure, & they both require each other
Hospitality is a “spatial relational practice” which differentiates it from other ethical practices
Durable solutions for refugees
Returning home
Local integration
Third-country resettlement
Models of integration
Assimilation and multiculturalism
Frameworks for becoming citizens/understanding citizenship
ius sanguinus (law of the blood) and ius soli (law of the soil)
-All modern states have citizenship rules based on a combination of these 2 principles
ius sanguinus
One needs to be descended from a national of the country in question
ius soli
Birth in the territory of the country
Impacts of migration in receiving societies
Economic impact
Political impact
Demographic deficit (population sinking)
Enriching societies and cultures
Migration from below
Low access to power
Migrating units remain as minorities until a wave of advance
Migration from above
High access to power
Migration as means of territorial conquest, often becoming new majority & assimilating or displacing earlier population
Absolute title
Is held by the crown, is “higher than aboriginal title”
60s scoop
Mid 50s-90s
Over 30 000 indigenous children removed from families by Governments and placed in non-indigenous households
Some children sold/auctioned for farm labour
Difference b/w migrant and refugee
Migrant chooses to move; refugee is forced
