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COMP 251 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

database design has 2 levels - logical and discrete

A

false

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2
Q

OLAP focuses on analytical processing

A

True

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3
Q

relational DBs leading advantage is speed of processing

A

false

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4
Q

SQL is a DB that helps user create, modify, maintain and query data

A

false

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5
Q

a field is represented as a row in a table

A

false

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6
Q

the primary key value must be unique in each row of a table

A

true

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7
Q

information is data that is processed in a way that is meaningful to a user

A

true

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8
Q

NULL is a value in a DB that can also be described as 0

A

false

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9
Q

lowest level structure in a relational table is the ________

A

field

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10
Q

a view is a virtual table composed of fields from one or more tables

A

true

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11
Q

a many to many relationship is not a valid table relationship

A

false

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12
Q

SELECT cust_number, cust_name

FROM customer;

This is a valid SQL statement that will return output composed of one column showing all customer numbers in a DB

A

false

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13
Q

SELECT cust_number, cust_name

FROM customer;

above SQL statement output will be in ascending order by cust-name

A

fasle

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14
Q

looking for subjects is a good technique for identifying your table list

A

true

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15
Q

calculated fields should be stored in a values table for easy access

A

false

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16
Q

field level integrity ensures no duplicate records in a table

A

false

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17
Q

relationship level integrity is also known as referential integrity

A

true

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18
Q

mission statements need to make it clear how your database will work

A

false

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19
Q

The collection of data used for modeling processes is the:

a. Database

b. RDBMS

c. OSI layers

d. OLTP

e. none of these

A

a

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20
Q

2 main DB types are:

a. operational & analytical

b. logical & discrete

c. analytical & logical

d. all valid types

A

a

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21
Q

The advantages of a relational database include:

a. data integrity at multiple levels

b. data accuracy

c. ease of access

d. all of these

e. “b” and “c”

A

d

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22
Q

The most common SQL statement to pull information from a DB uses the syntax:

a. PULL

b. PICK

c. SELECT

d. GET

e. EXTRACT

A

c

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23
Q

Set of rules that decomposes data tables to minimize redundancy, minimize dependency, and enforce relationship integrity is known as:

a. Abstraction

b. Normalization

c. Data modeling

d. 3 Tiered Architecture

A

b

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24
Q

In order to store acceptable values that a program can use for reference checks, one creates a:

a. Data table

b. Normalization table

c. Reference check table

d. Validation table

A

d

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25
Q

In order to establish a relationship between 2 tables, one would take the primary key of one subject table and set up a ________ in the other table.

a. cross reference key

b. secondary key

c.foreign key

d. index

A

c

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26
Q

1:1, M:M, and 1:M are known as:

a. table types

b. cardinality

c. normalization

d. participation

A

b

27
Q

The standard wild card symbol used in SQL is:

a. *

b. /*

c. W

d. #

e. none of these

A

a

28
Q

The first step in the design process of a good database should be:

a. Analyze current DB

b. Define table

c. Define business rules

d. Define the mission statement

A

d

29
Q

The characteristics list will eventually be used to:

a. define views

b. define rows

c. define fields

d. define tables

e. all of these

A

c

30
Q

Which of the following is contributing to data explosion and need for advanced database capabilities?

a. smart phones

b. internet

c. broad band

d. computer availability

e. all of these

A

e

31
Q

Which of the following best describes an example of an RDBMS?

a. Oracle

b. SQL

c. DB2

d. “a” and “b”

e. “a” and “c”

f. “b” and “c”

A

e

32
Q

When analyzing the current DB, what should you do?.

a. retrieve current DB structure

b. pull available reports

c. look at programs

d. “a” and “c”

e. all of these

A

e

33
Q

1 subject = 1 _______

1 characteristic = 1 _____________

A

table, field

34
Q

table that contains fields (with sensitive information) that are related to a particular parent table(s)

clue is that a table exists where certain fields often don’t have values

A

subset table

35
Q

a table with typically static date; important for data integrity

A

validation/look-up table

36
Q

Table descriptions need:

A

what: kind of info is contained, people, places, etc.

why: the data contained is important

AVOID saying how the data is used

37
Q

When is it okay to have duplicate fields?

A
  1. needed to relate tables together (this is the reason most of the time)
  2. show multiple occurrences of a value (ex: supervisor_no is an alias of the supervisor’s employee_no b/c supervisor is an employee too)
  3. perceived need for supplemental value
38
Q

Type of key:

a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies a single instance of the table’s subject. Each table must have at least one.

Elements:

  • It cannot be a multipart field.
  • It must contain unique values.
  • It cannot contain null values
  • Its value cannot cause a breach of the organization’s security or privacy rules.
  • Its value is not optional in whole or in part.
  • Its values must uniquely and exclusively identify each record in the table.
  • Its value can be modified only in rare or extreme cases.
A

Candidate key

39
Q

Type of key:

-Picked from the list of candidate keys

-exclusively identifies the table

-uniquely identifies each record in a table

-table name should be included in its name (i.e. employee number)

  • there must only be ONE per table
  • 2 tables can’t share one unless it’s a subset table
A

primary key

40
Q

What is the proper SQL order with everything we’ve learned so far?

A

SELECT (column name)
FROM (table name)
WHERE (column name = value/’character string’)
ORDER BY (column name ASC/DESC);

41
Q

What makes a field name a character and not a decimal?

A

When you will never do mathematical equations with it (such as address number)

42
Q

What can be used after a WHERE clause? (5 answers)

A

AND, OR, BETWEEN AND, IN (), LIKE

43
Q

Field Specification – General Elements, Physical Elements, or Logical Elements:

Field Name, Parent Table, Label, Specification Type, Source Specification, Shared By, Alias(es), Description

A

General Elements (pertains to the basic attributes of the field)

44
Q

Field Specification – General Elements, Physical Elements, or Logical Elements:

Data Type, Length, Decimal Places, Character Support, Input Mask, Display Format

A

Physical Elements (pertains to the structure of the field)

45
Q

Field Specification – General Elements, Physical Elements, or Logical Elements:

Key Type, Key Structure (e.g PK), Uniqueness, Accepts Nulls or Doesn’t, Values Entered By (User or System), Required Value, Default Value, Range of Values, Edit Rule, Comparisons Allowed (<, >=, etc.), Operations Allowed (+ x - /)

A

Logical Elements (pertains to values within the field)

46
Q

What SQL input would you type if you want the output to show all product names (prod_name) that start with “folder” in their name

A

WHERE prod_name LIKE ‘folder%’

47
Q

What SQL input would you type if you want the output to show all product names (prod_name) that have “folder” anywere in their name

A

WHERE prod_name LIKE ‘%folder%’

48
Q

True or false:
WHERE prod_name LIKE ‘%’
The output of this line would include 0, blanks/spaces, but not NULL values

A

true

49
Q

What SQL input would you type to get a list of all the product names (prod_name) for each number of pencils (e.g. No2 Pencil, No3 Pencil, No4 Pencil…)

A

WHERE prod_name LIKE ‘No_ Pencil’

50
Q

SQL input to get all products (prod_name) that start with P or F
(pencils, paper, folder, etc.)

A

WHERE prod_name LIKE ‘[P F]%’

51
Q

SQL input to get all products (prod_name) that start with ANYTHING BUT P or F

A

WHERE prod_name LIKE ‘[^ P F]%’

52
Q

What WHERE clause searches text fields that contain a certain part of a value

A

LIKE

53
Q

When do you put ‘ ‘ around a typed value

A

when it’s a character (you will never do mathematical calculations with it)

54
Q

SQL: Make a calculated temporary field called “employee_name”. Join the values employee_lastname and employee_first name. (Should look like: “Doe, Jane”)

A

SELECT employee_lastname || ‘,’ || employee_firstname AS employee_name

55
Q

What is AS used for and which part does it go in?

A

to make an alias
in SELECT

56
Q

Types of NoSQL DB (4)

A

NoSQL is “not only SQL”. There are no tables, primary keys, or foreign keys. Instead, they can use:
wide-column, document, key-value, graph

57
Q

Pros of NOSQL

A

Flexible (non-structured)
Elastic

58
Q

Cons of NoSQL

A

More redundancy
Lack of consistency
Lack of standards (b/c non-structured)

59
Q

Types of Cloud DB

A

Software as a System (SaaS, ex Microsoft Offcie), Infrastructure as a System (IaaS, ex Amazon), Platform as a System (PaaS, ex Google App Engine), Database as a System (DBaaS)

60
Q

Pros of Cloud

A

Elasticity (pay for what you use)
Scalable/flexible
Reliable

61
Q

cons of cloud

A

can’t be accessed without the internet, security risk

62
Q

Big Data DB

A

HUGE data sets, can be unstructured, structured, or semi-structured, used to analyze big data and find trends

63
Q

Pros of Big Data

A

real-time data analytics (better decision-making)
efficiency
personalization

64
Q

Cons of Big Data

A

Costly
Data cleansing needed

COMP 251 (3 decks)

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