Midterm Flashcards
NOIR?
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Nominal?
Differences among the response categories
Ordinal?
Differences among the response categories that can be ranked or ordered
Interval?
Differences among the response categories that can be rank ordered and have the exact amount of space between each response category
Ratio?
Differences among the response categories that can be rank ordered and have the same exact amount of space between each response category and has a zero reference point
Categorical/Discrete variables?
Nominal and Ordinal
Interval/Ratio
Continuous/Scale
Likert Scale?
Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree
3 types of error?
Measurement, Sampling, Random
Letter?
Placeholder for numbers
Descriptive Stats?
Used to describe basic patterns within data
Hypothesis?
Statement of presumed relationship among two or more variables
Inferential Stats?
Used to make inferences about a population based on info that is contained within a sample
Frequency Distribution?
A listing of all observed scores for each category of a variable conducted for: organization of data, present data in the table of a graphic, catches coding errors
x=?
Variable
f=?
Frequency
p=?
Proportional Frequency
%=?
percentage Frequency
c%=?
Cumulative Frequency Frequency
N=?
Population Size
n=?
Sample Size
Mode?
Most often occurring value or category in a distribution of values or categories
Median?
Middle score in a ranked distribution of scores or values
Mean?
Average of all values for a variable
Outlier?
Extremely large score or small score in a distributions of values for a variable
Skew?
Distortion of data in a positive or negative direction
Variability?
Indicator of how much a set of data are spread out or are clustered together
Range?
Distance between largest and smallest score and the distribution of values or scores
Percentile?
Desired division outpoint in a distribution of scores and values
Standard Deviation?
Average amount of any given value or score in a distribution of values or scores will deviate from the mean
Degrees of freedom formula?
n - 1
Population?
Total group of people being studied
Sample?
Smaller number of people drawn from the population
Probability?
Likelihood that a given event will occur with enough trials
Four rules of probability?
Addition, Joint Occurrence, Multiplication, Act of Replacement
Addition rule?
The probability for alternate events is equal to the sum of probabilities of the individual events. (this or that)
Joint Occurrence rule?
If you want this or that are they linked or exclusive
Multiplication rule?
Probability of the compound event equals to the multiple of the probabilities of the separate events. (this or then)
Act of Replacement rule?
Account for whether each compound event is done with replacement locks the odds; without replacement alters the odds
Gambler’s Fallacy?
A string of bad luck will eventually turn good
P-value?
Likelihood that a statistical result would have been obtained by chance alone
Statistical Signifigance?
If p value is less than .05
Independant Variable?
X
Dependent Variable?
Y
Parsimony?
Explaining most amount of things with the least amount of words
Tautology?
Statement that is true by definition
Nominal Example?
Blood type, race, eye color
Ordinal Example?
Education level, Income level, Satisfaction rating
Interval Example?
Temperature, IQ test, GPA
Ratio Example?
Height, Weight, Crime rate