Midterm

Question 1

Canada becomes a country

Answer 1

1867

Question 2

uniform region

Answer 2

all locations look alike (prairies)

Question 3

functional region

Answer 3

interaction between different parts of the region (city center)

Question 4

cultural region

Answer 4

arises from shared experience, values, goals, language and culture (Quebec)

Question 5

Nunavut joins canada

Answer 5

1999

Question 6

bc joins canada

Answer 6

1871

Question 7

CP railway built in

Answer 7

1885

Question 8

trans canada highway opens

Answer 8

1962

Question 9

National policy, created a nationwide market for Canadian made goods

Answer 9

1879

Question 10

Canada, US free trade agreement

Answer 10

1988

Question 11

3 major geologic elements

Answer 11

Canadian Shield (igneous rock), platform (sedimentary rock), folded mountains (metamorphic rock)

Question 12

Canadian Shield

Answer 12

highly resistant igneous rock. over 1 billion years old. It extends from the Northwest Territories through the Northern Prairie Provinces, Northern Ontario, Northern Quebec, and Labrador.

Question 13

platform

Answer 13

These rocks underlay the Interior Plains of the continent (from the Northwest Territories to Texas). . They are mainly sedimentary and contain large areas of oil and natural gas.

Question 14

folded mountains

Answer 14

Folding is caused by the movement of tectonic plates, It caused sedimentary rock to change into metamorphic rock. Appalachian, Innuition, Cordillera

Question 15

Appalachian mountains

Answer 15

Found in Quebec and the Atlantic Provinces, they are relatively old, relatively low, well eroded, and covered with vegetation

Question 16

Innuitian Mountains

Answer 16

Found in Northern Nunavut, these are jagged but somewhat eroded, mostly inaccessible mountains.

Question 17

Cordillera

Answer 17

The major ranges include the Rocky Mountains and Coast Mountains. These are the youngest mountains in Canada, the highest, most jagged, and have permanently snow-capped tops

Question 18

Canada has 7 physiographic regions:

Answer 18

• Canadian Shield
• Cordillera
• Interior Plains
• Hudson Bay Lowlands
• Arctic Archipelago
• Appalachian Uplands
• Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Lowlands

Question 19

Interior Plains

Answer 19

This region was once covered by a large shallow inland sea where sediments eventually formed sedimentary rock.

Question 20

Hudson Bay Lowlands

Answer 20

This region has many bogs and contains muskeg (poorly drained soil). - permafrost

Question 21

Arctic Archipelago

Answer 21

A complex area of coastal plains, plateaus, and mountains located north of the Arctic Circle.
The northern part of this region is permanently covered in snow and ice while the southern part contains tundra.
The region is underlain by continuous permafrost
Making tree growth impossible

Question 22

Appalachian Uplands

Answer 22

This is an area of rounded uplands and narrow river valleys. The indented coastline of the region contains many small bays and harbours.

Question 23

Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Lowlands

Answer 23

This is the smallest physiographic region.
The landscape is generally flat with rolling hills reflecting the underlying sedimentary rock.
The soil is very fertile and well suited for agriculture
and a variety of crops

Question 24

continuous permafrost

Answer 24

At least 80% of the ground is permanently frozen

Question 25

Discontinuous permafrost:

Answer 25

30%-80% of the ground is permanently frozen

Question 26

Sporadic permafrost:

Answer 26

Less than 30% of the ground is permanently frozen

Question 27

Cryosolic Soil

Answer 27

It is generally found north of the tree line and is the
dominant soil in the Arctic Archipelago and around
Hudson Bay.It is found where the mean annual temperature is below 0c and where continuous permafrost is common

Question 28

Podzolic Soil

Answer 28

It is commonly found in cool, moist climates (Canadian Shield) and is light grey in colour.It is often associated with the boreal forest
Moisture easily percolates downward through this soil due to the large pore spaces

Question 29

Luvisolic Soil

Answer 29

It is commonly found in humid continental climates (Southern Ontario) and is often associated with deciduous vegetation. High amount of organic content are evident due to trees dropping leaves creating a thick organic layer
Warm summers lead to quick decomposition of organic material thus adding to the soil

Question 30

Chernozemic Soil

Answer 30

It is commonly found in dry climates where grasslands are located.It is light brown to dark brown with relatively high organic content

Question 31

Palliser’s Triangle

Answer 31

This dry area in the western Prairies was named by John Palliser, the leader of a land survey expedition of the western part of British North America for Britain in the 1850s.He declared that it was an area unsuitable for agriculture.

Question 32

the first permanent settlement by Europeans in Canada.

Answer 32

French explorers established Quebec City in 1608,

Question 33

British Conquest of New France

Answer 33

1759

Question 34

U.S. War of Independence

Answer 34

(1775-83)

Question 35

Canada’s history as a country began with the British North America Act

Answer 35

passed on July 1, 1867.

Question 36

Manitoba then became a province

Answer 36

1870

Question 37

PEI joins canada

Answer 37

1873

Question 38

Yukon joins canada

Answer 38

1898

Question 39

Alberta and Saskatchewan join canada

Answer 39

1905

Question 40

Newfoundland and labrador

Answer 40

1949

Question 41

House of Commons

Answer 41

338 seats, one for each 1150000 people

Question 42

Last residential school

Answer 42

1996

Question 43

The Quebec Act (1774)

Answer 43

In this act, the British government gave the French these provisions:
Continuation of the seigneurial landholding system
- strips of farmland, all touching water
Guarantee of religious freedom
Right to retain the French language

Question 44

The Constitutional Act (1791)

Answer 44

In this act, the British colony of Quebec was divided into the provinces of Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec).

Question 45

Definition of urban

Answer 45

A settlement with a population of at least 1000 and at least 400 people per km2

Question 46

Census Metropolitan Area (CMA)

Answer 46

An urban core combined with adjacent suburban areas that have a high degree of social or economic integration with the urban core of the area. At least 100,000 people.

Question 47

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Answer 47

1982