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SLp 657-Motor Speech disorders > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of FLACCID DYSARTHRIA?

A

-Weakness and reduced muscle tone, probs with execution
-Hypernasality
-Imprecise consonants
-Breathiness
-Monopitch
-Nasal emission
-Audible inspiration
-Harsh voice
-Shore phrases
-Monoloudness

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2
Q

Which of the 5 speech domains does FLACCID DYSARTHRIA affect?

A

all 5

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3
Q

What is the localization damage for FLACCID DYSARTHRIA?

A

-LMN
-Final common pathway

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4
Q

What are the neuromotor bases deficits in FLACCID DYSARTHRIA?

A

execution weakness

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5
Q

What neurodegenerative disease cause FLACCID DYSARTHRIA?

A

-ALS (most common)
- muscular dystrophy

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6
Q

What is a medical dx for FLACCID DYSARTHRIA?

A

surgical trauma to brainstem, head, neck, or upper chest
-myasthenia graves

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7
Q

What are the differential features of FLACCID DYSARTHRIA?

A

-Atrophy & fasciculations
-Hypotonia and hyperactive gag reflex common
-Loss of muscle tone

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of SPASTIC dysarthria?

A

-Slow rate + slow & regular speech AMRs+ strained/strangled voice quality
-hypernasal
-Fatigued when speaking
-Dysphagia comorbidity
-Difficulty controlling expressions of emotions

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9
Q

Which of the 5 speech domains does SPASTIC dysarthria affect?

A

Mainly in: respiratory, phonatory,
Articulatory,

May result in: prosody &resonance

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10
Q

Where is the localization damage in SPASTIC dysarthria?

A

-Bilateral UMN
-Damage to direct and indirect activation pathways of the CNS.

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11
Q

What are the neuromotor base deficits in SPASTIC dysarthria?

A

-Execution;
-spasticity

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12
Q

What neurodegenerative disease cause SPASTIC dysarthria?

A

-Primary lateral sclerosis
-Progressive pseudobulbar palsy
-ALS
-Primary progressive aphasia w/ apraxia of speech

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13
Q

What medical dx cause a SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA?

A

STROKE

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14
Q

What are the differential features of SPASTIC dysarthria?

A

-Too much muscle tone
-Excessive muscle tone with weak speech
-Drooling

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of ATAXIC dysarthria?

A

-Balance,
-slurred speech (drunk, irregular articulatory breakdowns during connected speech
-Slowed rate
-dysprosody

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16
Q

Which of the 5 speech domains does ATAXIC dysarthria affect?

A

-articulation
-prosody

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17
Q

What is the localized damage of ATAXIC dysarthria?

A

bilateral cerebellum

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18
Q

What are deficits of neuromotor bases in ATAXIC dysarthria?

A

-cognitive deficits
-control/ incoordination

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19
Q

What neurodegenerative diseases cause ATAXIC dysarthria?

A

-degenerative ataxia
-Multiple system atrophy
-ALS
-frontotemporal dementias

20
Q

What medical dx cause ataxic dysarthria?

A

-tumor
-brainstem or cerebellar CVA

21
Q

What are the differential features of ATAXIC dysarthria?

A

Jaw, face, and lingual movements are frequently dysmetric

22
Q

What are the characteristics of HYPOKINETIC dysarthria?

A

-Tremor,
rigidity,
akinesia,
postural stability,
accelerated speech,
monoloudness,
monopitch,
scaling probs,
flat affect,
fewer breaths (try to force as many word in one breath)

23
Q

Which of the 5 speech domains does HYPOKINETIC dysarthria?

A

Voice,
articulation,
Prosody

24
Q

what is the localized damage for HYPOKINETIC dysarthria?

A

basal ganglia b/c lack of dopamine

25
Q

What are the neuromotor deficits in HYPOKINETIC dysarthria?

A

control

26
Q

What degenerative disease causes HYPOKINETIC dysarthria?

A

Parkinson’s disease

27
Q

What are the differential features for HYPOKINETIC dysarthria?

A

masked facial expressions

28
Q

What are the characteristics of HYPERKINETIC dysarthria?

A

-involuntary movements
-tics
-tremors

29
Q

Which of the 5 speech domains does HYPERKINETIC dysarthria affect?

A

prosody
rate

30
Q

what localized damage causes HYPERKINETIC dysarthria?

A

basal ganglia

31
Q

What neuromotor base deficits cause HYPERKINETIC dysarthria?

A

control

32
Q

What neurodegenerative disease causes HYPERKINETIC dysarthria?

A

huntington chorea

33
Q

What is the medical dx for HYPERKINETIC dysarthria?

A

spasmodic dysphonia

34
Q

What are the differential features for hyperkinetic dysarthria?

A

-dyskinesia
-myoclonus
-ballismus
-athetosis
-dystonia

35
Q

What are the characteristics for UNILATERAL UPPER MOTOR NEURON dysarthria?

A

-unilateral weakness
-deficits in: articulation/ phonation & prosody
-slurred speech

36
Q

Which of the 5 speech domains does UNILATERAL UMN affect?

A

all 5

37
Q

What localization damage causes UNILATERAL UMN dysarthria?

A

unilateral UMN

38
Q

What deficits in neuromotor bases cause UNILATERAL UMN dysarthria?

A

execution/ control

39
Q

What medical dx causes UNILATERAL UMN dysarthria?

A

-Unilateral stroke in interal capsule (where all nerves meet)
-tumor
-surgical trauma

40
Q

what are the differential features for UNILATERAL UMN dysarthria?

A

-jaw/vocal fold is normal
-unilateral tongue weakness

41
Q

What neurodegenerative disease causes MIXED DYSARTHRIA?

A

-ALS
-progressive supranuclear palsy
-corticobasal syndrome
-multiple system atrophy
-friedeichs ataxia

42
Q

What medical dx causes MIXED DYSARTHRIA?

A

-TBI
-Wilson’s disease

43
Q

What are the characteristics of APRAXIA OF SPEECH?

A

-Labored speech, short phrases, groping, vowel distortions, inconsistent errors
-substitution, addition, and prolongation errors that result in distortions
-difficulty with imitating

44
Q

Which of the 5 speech domains affect AOS

A

-prosody
-articulation
-rate
-fluency

45
Q

What localization damage causes AOS?

A

left hemisphere perisylvian area

46
Q

What neurodegenerative disease causes AOS?

A

-primary progressive (AOS)
-corticobasal syndrome
-Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
-ALS

47
Q

What neurodegenerative disease causes AOS?

A

-primary progressive (AOS)
-corticobasal syndrome
-Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
-ALS

SLp 657-Motor Speech disorders (1 decks)

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