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CROP PRODUCTION (CROP SCI 111) > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

planting extensive areas to grains and forage/pasture grasses.

A

Agronomy

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2
Q

is a branch of agriculture that deals with growing crops for use as food and fiber.

A

Crop production

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3
Q

culture of ornamentals

A

Floriculture

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4
Q

was developed from the management of lands planted to trees providing timber and supporting wildlife.

A

Forestry

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5
Q

study of insect pests.

A

Entomology

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6
Q

botanically speaking, is an enlarged portion derived from the pistil and other associated floral parts

A

Fruit

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7
Q

is the art, technology, science and business of growing and utilizing garden and plantation crops.

A

Horticulture

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8
Q

deals with the selection of the correct scientific name for a plant placed in a particular taxon in conformity with specified rules.

A

Nomenclature

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9
Q

study of vegetables

A

Olericulture

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10
Q

plants used for their aesthetic or decorative value.

A

Ornamentals

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11
Q

crops grown on large scale intended for industrial purposes

A

Plantation crops

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12
Q

deals with crop improvement, for better yield, resistance to pests and diseases, new colors, larger foliage, flowers, fruits, and different habit of growth.

A

Plant breeding and genetics

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13
Q

deals with the processes occurring in plants and the influence of the environmental conditions on these processes.

A

Plant physiology

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14
Q

study of plant diseases

A

Plant pathology

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15
Q

plants are identified and grouped based on their size, shape, color, flower, characteristics, kinds of food reserves, or known genetic relationship.

A

Phylogenic System

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16
Q

study of fruits.

A

Pomology

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17
Q

deals with the proper use of fertilizer, type of application to certain soil types.

A

Soil Science

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18
Q

deals with the profit in any business venture.

A

Socio-economics

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19
Q

finding the smallest plant category or taxon in a sequence relative to the taxa and the system.

A

Taxonomy

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20
Q

edible succulent plant or plant part, which is not sweet fruit except for melons, not mature grain, not staple

A

Vegetables

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21
Q

study of weed

A

Weed Science

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22
Q

Define: as the art, technology, science and business of growing and utilizing garden and plantation crops.

A

Horticulture

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23
Q

Development of Horticulture Derived from Latin words:

A

Hortus- garden or enclosure Colere or Cultura- to cultivate

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24
Q

planting extensive areas to grains and forage/pasture grasses.

A

Agronomy

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25
Q

was developed from the management of lands planted to trees providing timber and supporting wildlife.

A

Forestry

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26
Q

growing of kitchen garden to provide fruits, vegetables
and herbs as well as ornamentals around the house.

A

Horticulture

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27
Q

________ when it is used at it is. Mungo- for Vegetable. Grass for lawns

A

Horticulture

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28
Q

__________ it is if it is used as a processed or second proslcessed mungo- for sotangjon. Grasses for feeds of the cow

A

Agronomic

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29
Q

_______________are consumed in fresh form, whereas ____________ have to be
processed before final use.

A

Fruit crops
Plantation crops

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30
Q

this encompasses four disciplines:
a. Entomology-study of insect pests.
b. Plant pathology- study of plant diseases.
c. Weed science- study of weeds.
Study of vertebrate pests- rodents with the use of irrigation, farm
equipment, farm structures, and meteorological data.

A

Crop Protection

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31
Q

plants are identified and grouped based on their size, shape,
color, flower, characteristics, kinds of food reserves, or known genetic
relationship.

A

Phylogenetic System

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32
Q

Examples of monocot

A

Corn coconut lilies

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33
Q

Example of dicots

A

Santol mango

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34
Q

_______refers to a group of plants within a species that are distinguished by
the same or similar characteristics

A

Variety

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35
Q

crops grown mainly for their leaves (e.g. pechay, mustard,
lettuce, celery, kulitis, kangkong

A

Leafy vegetables

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36
Q

crops that belong to the crucifer family (e.g. cabbage,
pechay, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage).

A

Cole crops or crucifers

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37
Q

crops that belong to the legume family (eg. Sitao, cowpea,
snapbean, winged bean, lima bean, pigeon pea, chickpea, etc.)

A

Legumes or pulses

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38
Q

crops that belong to the solanaceous or nightshade family -
e.g. tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper, potato)

A

Solanaceous Crops

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39
Q

crops belonging to the cucurbit family (e.g. squash, upo, patola,
ampalaya, chayote).

A

Cucurbits

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40
Q

Malunggay Caturay is what type of vegetables

A

Tree vegetables

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41
Q

edible botanical fruits usually for dessert, which may be eaten raw,
cooked or in a processed form.

A

Fruit crops

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42
Q

fruits not borne on trees and are small (e.g. pineapple, grapes,
strawberry).

A

Small fruits

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43
Q

fruits borne on trees but which are enclosed by a stony structure (e.g.
cashew, pili).

A

Nut fruits

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44
Q

fruits borne on trees (e.g. durian, mango, santol).

A

Tree fruits

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45
Q
  • cultivated mainly for their esthetic value, further classified according
    to their special uses
A

Ornamentals

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46
Q

plants grown for their flowers (e.g. gladiolus, roses,
daisies, orchids).

A

Cut flowers or florist crops

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47
Q

a plant whose foliage provides the background in
floral arrangement (e.g. fern, asparagus, fortune plants, palmera).

A

Cut foliage or florist greens

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48
Q

plants grown in containers for their beautiful flowers,
usually used for display purpose (e.g. kalanchoe, African violets).

A

Flowering pot plants

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49
Q

plants used for landscaping purposes such as ground cover,
barrier, specimen, edging, accents, etc (e.g. blue palm, song of india)

A

Landscape plants

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50
Q

used for lawns or greens (grass for golf) – (e.g. bermuda grass, carabao
grass, blue grass)

A

Turf

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51
Q
  • Crop grasses grown for their grains. Examples: Rice (Oryza sativa), corn
    (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum vulgare), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
A

Cereals

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52
Q

for pods and seeds. Examples: Soybean (Glycine max), peanut
(Arachis hypogea), mungbean, sitao, cowpea, winged bean, pigeon pea.

A

Legumes

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53
Q

enlarged root/tuberous roots. Examples: Cassava, sweet potato, ubi,
carrot, radish

A

Root crops

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54
Q

grown for fibers used in textile, cordage, twines, sacks, bags.
Examples: Cotton, jute, abaca, kapok

A

Fiber crops

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55
Q

crops grown for their oil content. Examples- Peanut, sunflower, castor
bean, coconut, African oil palm.

A

Oil crops

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56
Q
  • crops grown for their sugar content. Examples-Sugar cane, sugar
    beets
A

Sugar crops

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57
Q

for rough source for animals. Examples: GrassesPara grass, Napier grass, Guinea grass, Legumes-Ipil-ipil

A

Pasture or forage crops

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58
Q

used for brewing non-alcoholic drinks. Examples: Coffee,
cacao, tea

A

Beverage crops

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59
Q
  • used to provide special flavor, scents, and color to
    food, perfumes, soaps and body dressing. Examples: Black pepper, vanilla,
    citronella
A

Spices condiments and essences

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60
Q

used for extracting sap from the trunk/stem. Examples: Rubber

A

Latex and resins

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61
Q
  • with curative, laxative, and pesticidal properties.
    Examples: Lagundi, tsaang gubat, sambung, tobacco
A

Medicinal and poison crops

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62
Q

Habit of growth
succulent & has self-supporting stem.

A

Herbaceous

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63
Q

Habit of growth
requires support for upright growth (non-woody).

A

Vine

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64
Q

Habit of growth
– requirements support for upright growth (woody).

A

Liana

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65
Q

Habit of growth
with self-supporting stem, several more or less.

A

Shrub

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66
Q

Habit of growth
have a single central stem and usually taller than shrub at its peak
height.

A

Trees

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67
Q

one year or one season

A

Annuals

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68
Q

– two or more years

A

Biennials

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69
Q

has an indefinite period of growth

A

Perennials

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70
Q

usually a background garden. Range from few meters to about 600

A

Home garden

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71
Q

gardens cultivated jointly by several members of the
community for family consumption.

A

Community gardens

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72
Q

While the basic objective of the school garden is to teach
children to plant, the produce is brought home by the children for family use.

A

School gardens

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73
Q

is the most intensive horticulture enterprise, i.e., nurseries for
expensive plants for landscaping, indoor decors, cut flowers, planting materials for
plantation and fruit crops

A

Nurseries

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74
Q

a place where young plants are taken cared of before they are
ultimately transferred to their final site of growth where specialty plants
are grown.

A

Nursery

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75
Q

______farms are those small enough to be attended to, by the family both
financially and physically.

A

Small farms

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76
Q

_________farm for a family unit operation and requires a large portion of
operations done by hired labor.

A

Large farms

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77
Q

the study of plant parts. It includes the study of the size,
shape and internal structure of plants

A

Plant anatomy

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78
Q

A typical plant consists of three major
vegetative parts;

A

Roots
Stems
Leaves

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79
Q

three
major reproductive parts

A

Flower
Fruit
Seeds

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80
Q

_______ that are organized into tissues. Tissues are
organized into organ

A

Cells

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81
Q

Plants are made up of two organ systems.

A

Root system
Shoot system

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82
Q

_______ system is composed of roots, underground stems
(tubers) and rhizome

A

Root system

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83
Q

_______system is composed of stems, leaves
and flowers

A

Shoot

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84
Q

Is an external tissue that forms the protective outer covering of the
plant bod

A

Epidermis

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85
Q

serves as the outermost tissues or covering of old stems & old roots of
woody dicot plants;

A

Cork

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86
Q

an organ of plant w/c generally grows downward into the soil

A

Root

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87
Q

first root formed w/c is derived from the embryonic rot called
the radicle (growing tip of the hypocotyl)

A

Primary root

88
Q

roots w/c arise from the primary root

A

Secondary root

89
Q

roots w/c arise from the secondary roots. Branches from
tertiary roots may be referred to as rootlets

A

Tertiary roots

90
Q

that w/c arise from organs other than the radicle &
its branches. Ex: roots from stem cuttings & leaf cuttings; those arising on
nodes of grasses & roots arising from relatively old roots

A

Adventitious roots

91
Q

has prominent primary root. Secondary & tertiary roots do
not grow nearly as big as primary root. Ex: radish, carrots, ipil-ipil

A

Tap root system

92
Q

a primary root is absent & the roots all adventitious in
origin, are fibrous in appearance, that is, they are slender in forms & are more
or less permanent; the kind of root system found in corn and rice

A

Fibrous root system

93
Q

Root system is suited to places of frequent light rainfall

A

Fibrous root

94
Q

root system - is good in places where water table recedes to a very
low level, as in desert

A

Tap root system

95
Q

process of food manufacture in green plants

A

Photosynthesis

96
Q

loss of water from the plant, usually from leaves, in vapor
form.

A

Transpiration

97
Q

Types of Leaf Arrangement

A

Phyllotaxy

98
Q

Phyllotaxy
one leaf per node; two successive leaves lie on opposite sides of
the stem.

A

Alternate

99
Q

Phyllotaxy
one leaf per node; leaves arranged spirally on the stem

A

Spiral

100
Q

Phyllotaxy
– two leaves per node

A

Opposite

101
Q

Phyllotaxy
3 or more leaves per node

A

Whorled

102
Q

The sterile or accessory parts of the flower are the ________ and the _________.

A

Sepals and the petals

103
Q

serves to attract and
guide the movement of pollinators

A

Corolla

104
Q

_________ and the ________, which are
collectively known as the androecium and the gynoecium, respectively. The
stamen is the male reproductive part consisting of an anther supported by a
slender stalk, the filament.

A

Stamens and pistils

105
Q

Flower in which all four parts are present are called _______ flower

A

Complete

106
Q

Flowers which lack one or more of these parts are __________ flowers

A

Incomplete

107
Q

Imperfect flowers are of two kinds, _________ flowers and ___________ flowers

A

Staminate and pistillate

108
Q

___________are believed to have been derived from carpels which, in past geologic
ages, resemble flat, leaf-like structures bearing marginal ovules.

A

Pistils

109
Q

In most flowering plants, flowers are borne in clusters or groups termed as
___________

A

Inflorescence

110
Q

process wherein a pollen mother cell or
megasporocyte in
the anther divides by meiosis to give rise to four
haploid microspores, which two mature into pollen grains

A

Microsporogenesis

111
Q

series of events undergone by the nucleus inside
the
pollen grain which lead to the formation of a tube nucleus and sperm
nuclei or male gametes

A

Microgametogenesis

112
Q

megasporocyte in the
nucellus divides by
meiosis to form 4
haploid megaspores, but only one functional, all
others degenerate.

A

Megasporogenesis

113
Q

series of events in the megaspore which leads to the
formation of the female gametes or eggs.

A

Megagametogenesis

114
Q

end product of megagametogenesis.

A

Mature embryo sac

115
Q

– transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.

A

Pollination

116
Q

in general, the fusion of egg and sperm to form the zygote, in
angiosperms, double fertilization occurs, a process unique to angiosperms

A

Fertilization

117
Q

Agents of Pollination
____________– insects, birds, bats, man and other animals

A

Biological

118
Q

Agents of Pollination
_________ – wind, water

A

Non biological

119
Q

The walls of the ripened ovary

A

Pericarp

120
Q

cavities of a fruit in which the seeds are produced, are called

A

Locules

121
Q

the outermost wall, usually one cell thick

A

Exocarp

122
Q

the middle wall, thicker than the exocarp; contains the conducting
tissues

A

Mesocarp

123
Q

the innermost tissue, surrounds the locules

A

Endocarp

124
Q

This part of the seed is usually rough and is partly impervious to
water. It prevents excessive evaporation of water from the inner parts of seed
and often prevents entry of parasites. Hard seed coats may prevent
mechanical injury

A

Seed coat

125
Q

a scar left by the breaking of seed from its stalk

A

Hilum

126
Q

a small pore near the hilum

A

Microphyle

127
Q

a ridge on the seed, caused by bending of the seed against the seed
stalk.

A

Raphe

128
Q

Cells of the __________ have 3X chromosome number

A

Endosperm

129
Q

stores food-starch, proteins,
oils, etc. Some seeds store chiefly starch (wheat), others store proteins
(beans,
peas), others oil (coconut).

A

Endosperm

130
Q

_________or miniature plant of the seed consists of the cotyledon, epicotyl
and hypocotyl

A

Embryo

131
Q

are seed leaves. Seeds of monocotyledons have
one, seed of dicotyledons have two cotyledons.

A

Cotyledons

132
Q

– This is the part of the embryo axis above the point of attachment of
the cotyledons. The epicotyl contains meristematic cells which grow into the
shoot when the seed sprouts (germinate).

A

Epicotyl

133
Q

The part of the embryo axis is below the point of attachment of the
cotyledons. The meristematic cells of the hypocotyl develop into the primary
root when the seed sprouts.

A

Hypocotyl

134
Q

The growing tip of the hypocotyl is the _________

A

Radicle

135
Q

True or false
Soil moisture and nutrients as basic
requirements of plant growth.

A

True

136
Q

The vertical layer of the soil includes _________,_________ and ________

A

topsoil, subsoil and
parent material

137
Q

The soil has taken thousands of years to form.

A

Soil formation

138
Q

True or false
Big rocks break down into smaller rocks by continuous
action of wind and rain.

A

True

139
Q

Rocks are mainly broken by two types of weathering physical weathering and ________ weathering

A

Chemical weathering

140
Q

A number
of natural forces, called a____s, work to break down the
parent rock into tiny particles of soil. This include
wind, water, the sun’s heat, and plants and animals.

A

Agents

141
Q

Soil layers are called?

A

Horizons

142
Q

• It is also called the humus layer, which is rich in organic
material.
• This layer consists of decomposed material and organic
matter.
• This is the reason; the topsoil has a dark brown color. The
humus makes the topsoil soft, porous to hold enough air and
water.
• In this layer, the seeds germinate and roots of the plants
grow.
• Many living organisms like earthworms, millipedes, and
centipedes, bacteria, and fungi are found in this layer of soil.

A

Horizon A or Topsoil

143
Q

Just below the topsoil lies another layer called subsoil or
horizonB. It is comparatively harder and compact than
topsoil.
• It is lighter in color than the topsoil because there is less
humus in this layer. This layer is less organic but is rich in
minerals brought down from the topsoil.
• It contains metal salts, especially iron oxide in a large
proportion. Farmers often mix horizon-A and horizon-B
when ploughing their fields.

A

Horizon B or Sub soil

144
Q

also known as parent rock and lies just below the
subsoil.
• It contains no organic matter and made up of stones and
rocks, so it is very hard.

A

Horizon C bedrock

145
Q

________ is a complex mixture of minerals, water, air, organic matter and
organisms which may have decayed or are still living. The best ______
for most plants is sandy loam. A healthy soil is an airy soil. So, one
has to cultivate soil to make it airy.

A

Soil

146
Q

the application of water to the soil through systems of tubes,
pumps and sprays.

A

Irrigation

147
Q

refers to short term changes in the atmosphere.

A

Weather

148
Q

describes the weather condition over a long period of time in a
specific area.

A

Climate

149
Q

is the major changes in temperature, rain and wind
patterns over a long period of time.

A

Climate change

150
Q

Type ___.Pronounced wet and dry season

A

Type 1

151
Q

Type ___. No dry season with pronounced maximum rain period

A

Type 2

152
Q

Type __. No very pronouced maximum rain period with short dry season
lasting from one to three months

A

Type 3

153
Q

Type ___. No pronounced maximum rain period and no dry season

A

Type 4

154
Q

involves the production of male and
female gametes
process by which plants produce new individuals.

A

Plant Sexual Reproduction

155
Q

reproductive part of a flowering plant is the ________. Most flowers
have both male and female parts.

A

Flower

156
Q

It is the process when pollen transfer from the
anther to the stigma.

A

Pollination

157
Q

When the
pollen is transferred to the stigma of a flower of a different
plant, the process is called ______________.

A

Cross pollination

158
Q

When pollen is transferred to
the stigma of the same flower or to a flower of the same
plant, the process is called __________.

A

Self pollination

159
Q

When the pollen grain germinates in the stigma after pollination, it
grows a pollen tube down through the style until it reaches the
ovule. Inside the ovule, the male and female gametes unite and a
zygote is formed. This entire process is called _________

A

Fertilization

160
Q

Inside the ovule, the male and female gametes unite and a
________ is formed.

A

zygote

161
Q

When the zygote divides repeatedly, it forms the embryo in the
ovule. The embryo then grows rapidly to form the _______ The other
parts of the flower like the petals, sepals, stamen, style and stigma
would degenerate and fall-off

A

Fruit

162
Q

initial source of cultivar produced by the plant breeder

A

Breeders seed

163
Q

progeny foundation seed for the production
of certified seed.

A

Registered seed (purple tag)

164
Q

final product produced by seed company or
growers for commercial sale to crop producers.

A

Certified seed (blue tag)

165
Q

– progeny of the breeder’s seed and handled to
maintain the highest degree of purity

A

Foundation seed (white tag)

166
Q

seeds produced from certified seeds which are widely
available at village levels

A

Good seeds

167
Q

rapid, complete, and uniform seed germination

A

Seed vigor

168
Q

To improve seed vigor, chitting, shorten time
between sowing and seedling emergence, under ideal conditions until
radicle emergence, sowing/transplanting in moistened media

A

Seed enhancement

169
Q

– improves seedling vigor,
germination rate and uniformity; involves seed imbibition in a
temperature-controlled, dilute, aerated solution of an organic or
inorganic osmoticum; all seeds will have exactly the same moisture
content; seed metabolism is stimulated.

A

Osmoconditioning or seed priming

170
Q

small-seeded vegetables like
tomatoes can be handled and singulated in precision seeders more
efficiently; thick layer of diatomaceous earth, montmorillonite clay,
sand, etc. with a binder around seeds to increase size and uniformity;
increased pestilence protection when fungicides/insecticides are
incorporated

A

Use of coated or pelleted seed

171
Q

disease free plant tissue, somatic embryos
produced aseptically in vitro; embryos can be removed from the culture
media and encapsulated in synthetic gels that replace endosperm and
seed coat; chemicals for protection against pestilence can be
incorporated in this gel.

A

Use of synthetic seeds

172
Q

Plant ______ reproduction produces plants that are genetically identical
to the parent plants.

A

Asexual

173
Q

True or false
Asexually propagated plants also reach maturity faster than sexually
propagated plants.

A

True

174
Q

natural method of plant asexual reproduction is also known as plant
reproduction by ____________. It includes stolons, rhizomes, bulbs,
corms and tubers.

A

Vegetative parts

175
Q

underground stems like those of potatoes.

A

Rhizomes

176
Q

horizontal stems produced by plants like

A

Stolon

177
Q

Compressed underground stems like those produced by onions

A

Bulbs

178
Q

are below ground stems with dry scale-like leaves like those of
bananas.

A

Corms

179
Q

Underground stems or underground roots. Examples
include cassava, carrots, radishes and turnips.

A

Tubers

180
Q

plant asexual reproduction by a_______l means include
cutting, layering, budding, grafting, marcotting, suckering and
tissue culture

A

Artificial

181
Q

Two reproductive techniques used to join parts
from two or more plants and appear to grow as a single plant.

A

Budding and grafting

182
Q

True or false
In grafting, the upper joint part is the scion and the lower root stem is
the rootstock.

A

True

183
Q

sometimes called air layering, involves root induction on
the part of the stem while it is still attached to the parent plant.

A

Marcotting

184
Q

include stem or leaf sometimes treated with rooting
hormones.

A

Cuttings

185
Q

on the other hand, involves
culturing of plant cells in a hormone-laden medium to become
plantlets.

A

Tissue culture

186
Q

attached to the parent plant can be detached and planted to
become another plant.

A

Suckers

187
Q

The process in which carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of light and
chlorophyll, are converted to carbon-containing energy-rich organic compounds.

A

Photosynthesis

188
Q

The most important process on earth … It is the connecting
link between solar energy and life

A

Photosynthesis

189
Q

_______________absorbs light at wavelengths approximately
400nm-500nm (violet-blue) and 600-700nm (orange-red)

A

Chlorophyll

190
Q

the primary photosynthetic pigment
- can participate directly in the light reactions
which convert light energy to chemical
energy
- absorbs light maximally at 430-662nm
- blue-green pigment

A

Chlorophyll a

191
Q
  • absorbs light at 453-642nm
  • an accessory pigment almost identical to
    chlorophyll a
  • absorbs light and transfers the energy to
    chlorophyll a
  • yellow-green pigment
A

Chlorophyll b

192
Q
  • an accessory pigment that can absorb
    wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot
    (extends the range of light available for Ps)
    and transmits the energy to chlorophyll a
  • absorbs at wavelength 460-550nm
  • accepts excess energy from chlorophyll to
    protect it from damage (PHOTOPROTECTION)
  • various shades of yellow and orange pigments
  • most common carotenoid is β-carotene, which
    becomes 2 molecules of Vitamin A when split
A

Carotenoids

193
Q

TWO PHASES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A

LIGHT REACTION
DARK REACTION

194
Q

TWO PHASES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
____________– in the thylakoid
DARK REACTION - in the stroma

A

Light reaction

195
Q

TWO PHASES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
LIGHT REACTION – in the thylakoid
________________- in the stroma

A

Dark reaction

196
Q

Also called the HILL REACTION

A

Light reaction

197
Q

Also called the BLACKMAN’S REACTION

A

Dark reaction

198
Q

C__ Plants

Follow the ___pathway or the Calvin Cycle

A

C3 plants

199
Q

C___ Plants

Follow the C___ or the Hatch & Slack Pathway

A

C4 plants

200
Q

______ Plants
(Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)
very similar to the C4 Pathway

A

CAM PLANTS

201
Q

the first compound formed after CO2 fixation
in C3 plants is a _________________, 3-PGA

A

3 carbon molecule

202
Q

the first compound formed after CO2 fixation
in C4 plants is a ____________,
oxaloacetate

A

4 carbon molecule

203
Q

CO2 fixation occurs at night because the
_____________ are close during the day
the first compound formed is oxaloacetate
(4-carbon compound

A

Stomates

204
Q

only in C3 plants ; very minimal or zero in C4 plants
• occurs in the chloroplast… not in the mitochondria
• utilizes the enzyme RUBISCO
(ribulose biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase)
• fixes oxygen instead of CO2 … when O2 concentration in
the plant is higher
• Since RUBISCO is both a carboxylase and an oxygenase,
the O2 and CO2 compete for the same enzyme and for
the same substrate, RuBP
• results in CO2 loss in photosynthetic tissues… and is
the major source of CO2 evolution in the light by C3 plants

A

Photorespiration

205
Q

C4 species have chloroplasts in
the vascular bundle sheath cells;
____plants do not have

A

C3

206
Q

_____ anatomy is called KRANZ
ANATOMY (bundle sheath cells
are surrounded by mesophyll
cells

A

C4

207
Q

C4 plants have higher photosynthetic rates than ____
plants, especially at higher light intensities

A

C3

208
Q

True or false
C3 are more adapted to moist and cool or hot areas with
low light intensity; C4 in dry or moist conditions and hot
temperatures with high light intensity

A

True

209
Q

The reverse process of photosynthesis
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2
+ 6H2O + energy
- A group of processes in which various substances are
broken down, with the release of energy to be utilized
for growth and development
- An oxidative process where either oxygen is added to
the material being oxidized … or hydrogen is removed
from it
- Three stages of cellular respiration : GLYCOLYSIS ,
KREBS CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM

A

Respiration

210
Q

an anaerobic process ; takes place in the cytoplasm
• a molecule of GLUCOSE (6-C) is split into two (2)
molecules of PYRUVIC ACID (3-C)
• accomplished in ten(10) steps, resulting to the formation
of ATP and NADH
• a mole of glucose has a net gain of 2 ATP molecules
after glycolysis

A

Glycolysis

211
Q

Glycolysis is common
to fermentation and
respiration.
Pyruvate can enter
either pathway,
depending on
whether oxygen is
present.
If oxygen is present,
it enters the _____________;
If oxygen is absent, it
follows the fermentation
pathway to yield ethanol
or lactic acid

A

Krebs cycle

212
Q

also called the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA Cycle) or
the CITRIC ACID CYCLE
• an aerobic process which takes place in the mitochondria
• oxidizes / breaks down the PYRUVATE formed after
glycolysis
• the pyruvic acid (3-C) is first decarboxylated and forms the
ACETYL CoA (Acetyl coenzyme A). This occurs in
the mitochondria. It is the Acetyl CoA that enters the Krebs
Cycle

A

Krebs Cycle

213
Q

A_______ C___ is the connecting link between glycolysis and the
Krebs Cycle

A

Acetyl CoA

214
Q

combines with oxaloacetate (4-C), to form
a 6-carbon compound, CITRIC ACID

A

Acetyl CoA

215
Q

• a series of oxidation-reduction
reactions which move electrons
to several protein carriers in or
on the mitochondrial membrane
• a sequence of electron carriers
that use the energy from electron
flow to transport protons against
a concentration gradient across
the inner mitochondrial membrane
• involves the transfer of electrons
from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen
with the accompanying conversion
of energy to ATP

A

Electron transport system

216
Q

Occurs in mitochondria and cytoplasm

Releases carbon dioxide and water

Utilizes oxygen (aerobic respiration

Chemical energy is transformed into kinetic energy

Releases energy from sugar molecules

Occurs in either light or darkness

Decreases dry weight

Produces ATP with energy released from sugar

A

Respiration

217
Q

Occurs in chloroplasts

Uses carbon dioxide and water

Produces oxygen in green organisms

Kinetic energy of light is transformed to chemical energy

Stores energy in sugar molecules

Occurs in light only

Increases dry weight

Produces ATP with light energy

A

Photosynthesis

CROP PRODUCTION (CROP SCI 111) (2 decks)

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