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Pmls1 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

4 humor or body fluid

A

Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile

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2
Q

Descibed the 4 humors or body fluids

A

Hippocrates

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3
Q

Traced the beginning of mt when a certain parasite was first identified

A

Vivian herrick

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4
Q

Intestinal parasite identified that led the tracing of mt

A

Ascaris taenia

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5
Q

Findings of vivian herrick are found in

A

Ebers papyrus

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6
Q

Proved that etiological agent of skin disease is parasite

A

Anenzoa

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7
Q

The greatest of the early microscopist and the founder of pathology

A

Malphigi

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8
Q

The first standard refrence for labs

A

Clinical diagnosis by lab methods

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9
Q

Wrote the first standard reference for labs

A

James todd

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10
Q

Enacted a law requiring hospitals to have adequate labs and employ full time technicians

A

State legislative of pennsylvania

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11
Q

Year of full recognition of mt as a course

A

1961

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12
Q

1st batch of graduates of mt

A

Ceu

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13
Q

Forst med facility were made available by

A

6th us army at quiricada st. Sta cruz manila

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14
Q

Mt law

A

Ra 5527

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15
Q

Director of clinical lab

A

Pathologist

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16
Q

Sections for an anatomic pathologist

A

Histopathology, molecular pathology

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17
Q

Clinical pathology sections

A

Clinical microscopy, hematology, microbiology, clinical chem, blood bank and serology and immunology

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18
Q

Lab practitioners specialized in the microscopic study of cells and cellular abnormalities.

A

Cytotechnologist

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19
Q

Works with pathologists to arrive at final diagnosis

A

Cytotechnologists

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20
Q

Papanicalau smear for cervical cancer s an example of work in their field

A

Cytotechnologist

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21
Q

Prepares solid tissues like biopsy samples and tumors for exam under microscope

A

Histotechnologist

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22
Q

Works with fragile and delicate instruments like knives, chemicals and glass slides

A

Histotechnologists

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23
Q

Lab practicioners specialized in blood extractions

A

Phlebotomist

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24
Q

Specialized on the process of testing and preparing blood for blood transfusion

A

Blood bank technologist

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25
Q

Does testing with blood antigen, compatibility and antibody identification

A

Blood bank technologist

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26
Q

Prc

A

Professional regulation commission

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27
Q

The board of examiners for mt was established under the

A

Ph medtech act of 1969

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28
Q

Written exams in mt are ____done in

A

Anually done.
Greater manila, cebu and davao

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29
Q

When is written exam for mt?

A

August or september anually

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30
Q

Notice fpr mt exam should be published in atleast

A

3 newspaper with national circulation by secretary of board atleast 30 days prior exam date

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31
Q

Requirements for mt exam

A
  1. Good health and moral character
  2. Completed bsmt in recognized school
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32
Q

Subjects in mt exam

A

Cc, micropara, hematology, bb and serology, clinical microscopy and histopathological technique

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33
Q

20% in mt exam are

A

4 only. Cc, micropara, hematology, bb and serology

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34
Q

10% in mt exam are

A

Clinical microscopy, histopathological technique

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35
Q

When is mt result

A

The board should after 125 days of exam report to commissioner of civil service who will submit such to ph pres for approval

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36
Q

Collection of people work together under defined structure to achieve a predetermined outcome.

A

Organization

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37
Q

Serves to provide society with products and services, offer employment and economic exchange and guve franework for social system

A

Organization

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38
Q

Provides the general philosophy: unity and commitment to jts vision and mission

A

Organization

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39
Q

General philosophy made by org

A

Unity and commitment to its mission and vision

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40
Q

3 elements of lab org

A

Level of authority, lines of comm., division of work

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41
Q

Commanding authority. Gives orders

A

Level of authority

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42
Q

Circle in PAMET

A

Continuous involvement of practice and education must always be integrated

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43
Q

Triangle in pamet

A

Trilogy if love, respect and integrity

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44
Q

Microscope and snake

A

Science of mt profession

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45
Q

Color of health

A

Green

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46
Q

PASMETH was established by

A

Dr. Serafin Juliano and Dr. Gustavo reyes

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47
Q

Emphasized learning by doing

A

Harvard

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48
Q

How many percent is vacancy rate in mt

A

10.4

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49
Q

Mt is lowest in vacancy in

A

Lab careers

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50
Q

Amt

A

American medical technologists

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51
Q

Ascp

A

American society for clinical pathology

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52
Q

The weight or value of each question is determined by difficulty

A

Ascp

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53
Q

HAAD

A

Health authority Abu dabhi

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54
Q

Regulate body of the health care sector in the emirate of Abu dabhi and ensures health care for its communities by monitoring health sterns of population

A

Health authonry Abu dabhi.

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55
Q

routine exchange of thought among lab sections, lab management, or staff which can be in form of written or oral.

A

Intradepartmental communication

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56
Q

Comm within a lab section

A

Intralab comm

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57
Q

Comm between patients, samples, user of lab service

A

Extra lab comm

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58
Q

Comm outside lab. Betweenlab institution or admin

A

Interdepartmental comm

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59
Q

Delegated workload

A

Division of work

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60
Q

4 structural models in org design

A

Functional component, self-contained, matrix component, network component

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61
Q

Hierarchical org levels.

A

Functional component

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62
Q

Clear understanding of responsibilities and authority. Functions best when the dept. Are engaged in repetitive, efficient and routine task.

A

Functional component

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63
Q

arranged along common platform.

A

Self-contained

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64
Q

there are subdivided areas of work. Divided accd. to location or costumer group.

A

Self-contained

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65
Q

shows different areas of work and person assigned as section head.

A

Matrix component

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66
Q

Staff members can have independent function irrespective of whether they are assigned to a section.

A

Matrix component

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67
Q

composed of units or realignnerts of works to reduce duplications and expand revenue generating services. Ex. Affiliated laboratories or satellite laboratories.

A

Network component

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68
Q

for evaluating cells that circulate in blood

A

Cbc or complete blood count

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69
Q

Cbc

A

Complete blood count

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70
Q

Core elements of blood

A

Erythrocytes, leukocyte, thrombocyte

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71
Q

Blood makes up

A

Liquid and cellular elements

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72
Q

Hemogram aka

A

Cbc with differential

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73
Q

Foundation procedure being conformed in hematology

A

Hemogram or cbc with differential

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74
Q

For: determining a person’s general health status.
can be used to screen or diagnose diseases and even monitor diseases

A

Cbc with differential or hemogram

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75
Q

Component of cbc

A

Hemoglobin and hematocrit

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76
Q

Found inside rbc

A

Hemoglobin

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77
Q

Oxygen acrrying protein of red cell

A

Hemoglobin

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78
Q

Portion of blood that consists of rbs

A

Hematocrit

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79
Q

In cbc you will

A

Count the number of cbc per microliter of blood sample

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80
Q

Most abundant in 4 elements of blood

A

Rbc

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81
Q

Least amount in components of blood

A

Wbc

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82
Q

Is 4.6 to 5 million per microliter

A

Rbc

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83
Q

5 to 10,000 per microliter

A

Wbc

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84
Q

150-450k

A

Platelets per microliter

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85
Q

In platelets only, Cbc can be reported as

A

Increase, decrease, normal

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86
Q

During staining, the fixative/s is/are

A

Methanol or absolute alcohol

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87
Q

Staining uses

A

Wrice stain or giemsa stain

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88
Q

We will look for wbc and categorize them accd. To type

A

Wbc differential count

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89
Q

5 types of wbc

A

Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte, monocyte

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90
Q

The agranulocytes in wbc are

A

Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil

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91
Q

The granulocytes are

A

Lymphosyte and monocyte

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92
Q

Describes rbc

A

Rbc indices

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93
Q

Mcv

A

Mean corpuscular volume

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94
Q

Gives info about size of rbc

A

Mcv

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95
Q

Gives info about type of rbc taht a patient has

A

Mcv

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96
Q

Mch

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

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97
Q

Info about content of hemoglobin in rbc or how much hemoglobin content is

A

Mch

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98
Q

Results in mch are

A

Hyperchromic (madami), hypochromic(konti), normochromic(sakto lang)

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99
Q

Rdw

A

Red cell distribution width

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100
Q

Variation of size of rbc

A

Rdw

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101
Q

Measure difference in size and volume of rbc

A

Rdw

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102
Q

How much the concentration of hemoglobin is in rbc

A

Mchc

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103
Q

Mchc

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

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104
Q

Result in mchc

A

Hyperchromic-mataas,

normochromic-normal,

Hypochromic - mababa

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105
Q

Mpv

A

Mean platelet volume

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106
Q

Size of platelets

A

Mpv

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107
Q

Pdw

A

Platelet distribution width

108
Q

Variation in size of platelet

A

Pdw

109
Q

Significant degree in variation of rbc

A

Anisocytosis

110
Q

Significant degree in variation of shape of rbc

A

Poikilocytosis

111
Q

3 types of blood

A

Venous blood, capillary blood, arterial blood

112
Q

Mostly used for lab exams (blood)

A

Venius blood

113
Q

Blood taken from difficult patients

A

Capillary blood

114
Q

Where is capillary blood taken

A

3rd or 4th finger of non dominant hand

115
Q

Blood is put in

A

Test tube

116
Q

Deters clotting

A

Anticoagulant

117
Q

Anticoagulants are color coded nationally. TRU OR F

A

F. It is coded UNIVERSALLY

118
Q

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

A

EDTA

119
Q

Anticoagulant for cbc

A

EDTA

120
Q

Code of edta

A

Violet or gold

121
Q

Cbc can only be dine manually. T or F

A

F. It can be manual or automated

122
Q

Aspirates sample of blood for hemoglobin determination.

A

Sahli pipette

123
Q

Find quantity of platelets in specified volume of blood

A

Sahli pipette

124
Q

There is a reagent mixed in blood to get hemoglobin in Sahli pipette.T OR F

A

T

125
Q

Has grid lines under microscope because you put here the blood sample for rbc and platelet counting

A

Hemocytometer or counting chamber

126
Q

Counting chamber aka

A

Hemocytometer

127
Q

Specimen slide used to determine the concentration of cells in a liquid sample

A

Counting chamber or hemocytometer

128
Q

Measure and transfer small amounts of liquid and fill by capillary action

A

Capillary pipette

129
Q

Mataas na wbc

A

Leukocytosis or luekophilia

130
Q

Cytosis

A

Pag mataas

131
Q

Philia

A

Pag mataas

132
Q

Penia

A

Mababa

133
Q

Mababa na wbc

A

Leukopenia

134
Q

Madaming rbc

A

Polycythemia

135
Q

Mababa rdw

A

Uniformity in size

136
Q

Mataas rdw

A

Anisocytosis

137
Q

Newly produced, relatively immature rbc

A

Reticulocyte

138
Q

High count of Reticulocyte could lead to

A

Bleeding or hemorrhage, hemolytic anemia, hemolytic disease of new born

139
Q

Destroys rbc

A

Hemolytic anemia

140
Q

Shape of rbc

A

Biconcave

141
Q

Ratio of supravital stain and edta w/ blood

A

1:1

142
Q

Hematology analyzer

A

Automated cbc

143
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

144
Q

measure of the fall of rbc that is placed on a tall thin vertical tube.

A

ESR

145
Q

For: indirect measure of degree of inflammation present in the body.

A

ESR

146
Q

Monitor disease activity and response to therapy in temporal arteritis and Polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Esr

147
Q

In ESR, results are reported in ______ of clear plasma that are present at the top portion of tube after ___ hour.

A

millimeter..1 hour

148
Q

PBS

A

Peripheral blood smear

149
Q

Blood used for Peripheral blood smear

A

Venous or capillary blood

150
Q

used to determine presence and identification of abnormal or immature cells.

A

PBS

151
Q

For: categorize and/or identify conditions that affect one or more types of blood cells and to monitor those undergoing treatment for these conditions.

A

Pbs

152
Q

includes description of the appearance of the RBC,WBCs and platelets as well as any abnormalities that may be on the slide.

A

Pbs

153
Q

= here, you can see the normal morphology of RBC, WBC, platelets

A

Pbs

154
Q

Biggest wbc

A

Monocyte

155
Q

Blood thinners

A

Para lumabnaw dugo at di. Magclot

156
Q

PT with INR

A

prothombin time with INR

157
Q

Inr

A

International nirmalized ratio

158
Q

States to doctor whether the coumadin is over dosed ot underdosed

A

Pt with inr

159
Q

Reported in ___ to measure how long it takes to form a clotting sample of blood

A

Seconds. PT with INR

160
Q

Code or tube for pt withinr

A

Blue

161
Q

Light blue tap

A

Sodium citrate 1:9. 1 part anticoagulant 9 parts blood

162
Q

Black

A

Sodium citrate 1:4

163
Q

PTT or APTT

A

partial thromboplastim time

164
Q

assess function of the extrinsic clotting factors

A

PT with INR

165
Q

Tendency to bleed

A

Pt with inr

166
Q

How long it takes for blood to clot

A

Ptt

167
Q

Ptt results is reported in

A

Seconds

168
Q

assess function of the intrinsic clotting factors

A

Ptt

169
Q

Analyzes substance in blood using chemicals

A

Clinical chem

170
Q

One of the most common test in clinical chem

A

Blood glucose determination

171
Q

4 clinical stage of diabetes

A

Type 1 or IDDM or juvenile-onset Dm

172
Q

Iddm

A

Type 1 diabetes. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

173
Q

Glucose processed to be source of energy

A

Glycolysis

174
Q

Glucose is not processed and is still in. Circulation, it could lead to

A

Hyperglycemia

175
Q

Major cause of diabetes

A

Hyperglycemia

176
Q

Needed for glucose to go inside cell

A

Insulin

177
Q

Niddm

A

Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

178
Q

Symptom of iddm

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

179
Q

Frequent urination

A

Polyuria

180
Q

Excessive thirst

A

Polydipsia

181
Q

Excess hunger

A

Polyphagia

182
Q

Genetic type of diabetes

A

Type 2 diabetes or niddm

183
Q

Diabates seen in old people

A

Type 2 or niddm or adult onset dm

184
Q

Onset generally younger than 30 yrs old

A

Type 1 or iddm

185
Q

Receptor that recognizes insulin is broken

A

Type 2 diabetes

186
Q

Produces insulin

A

Beta cell

187
Q

diminished a tissue sensitivity to insulin and impaired beta cell (delayed or adequate insulin release) due to self cell attacking
Self tissues (antibodies)

A

Type 2 diabetes or niddm or adult onset dm

188
Q

Seen in later stage of pregnant women

A

Gestational diabetes

189
Q

Why is there gestational dm

A

Placenta produces hormone that causes insulin resistance

190
Q

Diabetes mother and child could have after gestational diabetes

A

Tyoe 2

191
Q

Baby and mother is at risk of it after gestational diabetes

A

Others: genetic defects in insulin function, disease in the pancreas or beta cell

192
Q

= terms used to impair fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance

A

Pre diabates

193
Q

Patients have mild symptoms in prediabetes

A

False walang symtoms dito uwu

194
Q

Anticoagulant used in clinical chem

A

None because bLood needs to clot for serum

195
Q

Screening tests for diabetes

A

FBS, RBS, OGCT

196
Q

Fbs

A

fasting blood sugar

197
Q

Rbs

A

Random blood sugar

198
Q

In fbs, the fasting is hiw many hours

A

8 to 10

199
Q

No calorie diet in this test

A

Fbs

200
Q

Taken at any point of day and no fasting

A

Rbs

201
Q

Rbs

A

Random blood sugar

202
Q

Ogct

A

Oral glucose challenge test

203
Q

Usually used for screening for gestational diabetes

A

OGCT

204
Q

Process of ogct

A

Get fasting level, drink 75mg glucose solution, after 1hr get blood

205
Q

Comventional or normal goucose level

A

70-99mg/dl or 3.9 to 5.5mmol/L or less than 140

206
Q

Impaired glucose or pre diabetes

A

100-125mg/dl, 5.6-6.9mmol/L

207
Q

Diebetes

A

126 mg/dl or 7.0 mmol/L or 200

208
Q

If glucose level is < 126 mg/dl, test should be

A

repeated or there should be a confirmatory test

209
Q

How long fasting for OGTT

A

8 to 10 den

210
Q

Ogtt

A

Oral glucose tolerance test

211
Q

Sample for 2 hour ogtt is how many

A

3

212
Q

Tinitignan kung gano kabilis pinoproseso ng katawan yung glucose na ininom ng pasyente.

A

Ogtt

213
Q

After __ hours, in ogtt dat normal na yung blood glucose level if normal yung glucose metabolism niya at wala siyang diabetes.

A

2

214
Q

Antibodies that keep on attacking beta cell of the pancreas:

A

ICA, GADA, 1A-2A, IAA

215
Q

Most common. Detected in 70-80% of type l diabetes.

A

ICA (islet cell cytoplasmic autoantibodies) =

216
Q

one of commonly defected auto antibody 70-80 % diabetes type I
= directed against beta cell protein (antigen) but not specific to beta cell

A

GADA (glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies) =

217
Q

60% of type 1 diebetes insulinoma associated with auto antibody. Beta cell. Sinsira beta cell.

A

IA-2A (insulinama-associated 2 antibodies) =

218
Q

= 50% of diabetic children. Not commonly detected in adults. targeted to insulin

A

IAA (Insulin antibodies)

219
Q

= instead of serum, it uses plasma. EDTA is used

A

Fasting plasma glucose(FPG)

220
Q

= 2 hours after eating full meal,kukuhaan ng dugo.

A

2 hour Post prandial glucose test

221
Q

Monitoring test for diabetes

A

HBA1c, urine or blood ketone, fructosamine, insulin, - C. Peptide, 1.5 anhydro glucitol

222
Q

reflects ave. Of plasma glucose level over the previous 2 to 3 months.

A

Glycosylated / glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c)

223
Q

Life span of red cell

A

90 to 120 days

224
Q

dito dumidikit glucose. Represents ave. Glucose level for as long as the red cell is alive ( 90 to 120 days).

A

Glycosylated / glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c)

225
Q

expected to monitor the long term control of diabetes.

A

Glycosylated / glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c)

226
Q

Sample needed in Glycosylated / glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c)

A

Blood in edta bc we need hemoglobin

227
Q

Product of fats

A

Ketone

228
Q

in case may problema sa hemoglobin, can be used as alternate test(??) for hemoglobin o hba1c accd to google. Idk 😭😭

A

Fructosamine

229
Q

Fasting for lipid profile how long

A

12 to 14 hours

230
Q

= groups of fats or fat-like substances. Important consituent of cells And source of energy.

A

Lipid

231
Q

measures type of specific lipids in the blood to assess risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Pinapaliit daanan ng dugo.

A

Lipid profile

232
Q

2 types of lipid:

A

triglyceride and cholesterol

233
Q

Transports triglyceride and cholesterol

A

Glycoprotein

234
Q

Total cholesterol = measures all cholesterol in al the lipoprotein molecules

A

Total cholesterol

235
Q

the “good cholesterol” . It removes excees cholesterol and buries it to liver for removal.

A

HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) =

236
Q

“ bad cholesterol” . Deposits excess cholesterol in blood vessels. Eto bumabara sa blood vessel.

A

LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) =

237
Q

nagpiprickle yung blood vessel walls due to deposits of fats.

A

Atherosclerosis

238
Q

= also part of particle that could transport

A

Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)

239
Q

Ldl could lead to

A

Atherosclerosis

240
Q

If a person is at risk of cardiovascular diseases, the ldl is

A

High

241
Q

If glucose and lipid are needed what happens

A

Fasting for 10 hours for glucose

242
Q
  • important building block for cells and tissues.
A

Protein

243
Q

Important for:
- Body growth development - hormones
- health - enzymes , clotting factors

A

Protein

244
Q

2 types of protein:

A

albumin and globulin

245
Q

Total protein will only_____ if:
= if liver is impaired..liver disease
= malnutrition.
= kidney disease.
Nephrotic disease.
= increased/expand plasma volume. Diluting the blood like congestive heart failure.

A

Decrease

246
Q

Total protein will____ if:
= abnormally high production of protein ( like from inflammatory disorders, multiple myeloma)
= dehydration.

A

increase

247
Q

Waste product of protein metabolism

A

BUN

248
Q

Bun

A

Blood urea nitrogen

249
Q

Metabolism of amino acids

A

Ammonia

250
Q

= waste product produced by muscles from the breakdown of compound called creatine

A

Creatinine

251
Q

waste product produced by muscles

A

Creatinine

252
Q

Major proponent of urine: urea (kaya mapanghi ihi), creatinine

A

urea (kaya mapanghi ihi), creatinine

253
Q

gano kabilis or karami ang release ng kidney sa creatinine.

A

Creatinine clearance

254
Q

gano kabilis ifilter ni kidney.

A

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) =

255
Q

formed per unit of time in all nephrons of both kidneys

A

Glomerular

256
Q

the basic unit of kidney. Pinakafilter na ginagamit is glomerulus na part neto.

A

Nephrons

257
Q

= final breakdown product of purine nucleoside metabolism.

A

Blood uric acid

258
Q

BUA

A

blood uric acid

259
Q

GFR

A

Glomerular filtration rate

260
Q

If it build up in blood, it can affect the brain

A

Ammonia

261
Q

= metabolizes, detoxifies, makes proteins, etc makes bile, which dissolves fat

A

Liver

262
Q

Best for detecting hepa

A

Alanine aminotransferase ( ALT)

263
Q

Alt is AKA

A

Alanine animotransferase or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

264
Q

found in liver and few lther organs like heart and muscles.

A

Aspartate aminotransferase ( AST)

265
Q

Ast

A

Aspartate aminotransferase AKA Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)

Pmls1 (3 decks)

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