Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
4 humor or body fluid
A
Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile
2
Q
Descibed the 4 humors or body fluids
A
Hippocrates
3
Q
Traced the beginning of mt when a certain parasite was first identified
A
Vivian herrick
4
Q
Intestinal parasite identified that led the tracing of mt
A
Ascaris taenia
5
Q
Findings of vivian herrick are found in
A
Ebers papyrus
6
Q
Proved that etiological agent of skin disease is parasite
A
Anenzoa
7
Q
The greatest of the early microscopist and the founder of pathology
A
Malphigi
8
Q
The first standard refrence for labs
A
Clinical diagnosis by lab methods
9
Q
Wrote the first standard reference for labs
A
James todd
10
Q
Enacted a law requiring hospitals to have adequate labs and employ full time technicians
A
State legislative of pennsylvania
11
Q
Year of full recognition of mt as a course
A
1961
12
Q
1st batch of graduates of mt
A
Ceu
13
Q
Forst med facility were made available by
A
6th us army at quiricada st. Sta cruz manila
14
Q
Mt law
A
Ra 5527
15
Q
Director of clinical lab
A
Pathologist
16
Q
Sections for an anatomic pathologist
A
Histopathology, molecular pathology
17
Q
Clinical pathology sections
A
Clinical microscopy, hematology, microbiology, clinical chem, blood bank and serology and immunology
18
Q
Lab practitioners specialized in the microscopic study of cells and cellular abnormalities.
A
Cytotechnologist
19
Q
Works with pathologists to arrive at final diagnosis
A
Cytotechnologists
20
Q
Papanicalau smear for cervical cancer s an example of work in their field
A
Cytotechnologist
21
Q
Prepares solid tissues like biopsy samples and tumors for exam under microscope
A
Histotechnologist
22
Q
Works with fragile and delicate instruments like knives, chemicals and glass slides
A
Histotechnologists
23
Q
Lab practicioners specialized in blood extractions
A
Phlebotomist
24
Q
Specialized on the process of testing and preparing blood for blood transfusion
A
Blood bank technologist
25
Does testing with blood antigen, compatibility and antibody identification
Blood bank technologist
26
Prc
Professional regulation commission
27
The board of examiners for mt was established under the
Ph medtech act of 1969
28
Written exams in mt are ____done in
Anually done.
Greater manila, cebu and davao
29
When is written exam for mt?
August or september anually
30
Notice fpr mt exam should be published in atleast
3 newspaper with national circulation by secretary of board atleast 30 days prior exam date
31
Requirements for mt exam
1. Good health and moral character
2. Completed bsmt in recognized school
32
Subjects in mt exam
Cc, micropara, hematology, bb and serology, clinical microscopy and histopathological technique
33
20% in mt exam are
4 only. Cc, micropara, hematology, bb and serology
34
10% in mt exam are
Clinical microscopy, histopathological technique
35
When is mt result
The board should after 125 days of exam report to commissioner of civil service who will submit such to ph pres for approval
36
Collection of people work together under defined structure to achieve a predetermined outcome.
Organization
37
Serves to provide society with products and services, offer employment and economic exchange and guve franework for social system
Organization
38
Provides the general philosophy: unity and commitment to jts vision and mission
Organization
39
General philosophy made by org
Unity and commitment to its mission and vision
40
3 elements of lab org
Level of authority, lines of comm., division of work
41
Commanding authority. Gives orders
Level of authority
42
Circle in PAMET
Continuous involvement of practice and education must always be integrated
43
Triangle in pamet
Trilogy if love, respect and integrity
44
Microscope and snake
Science of mt profession
45
Color of health
Green
46
PASMETH was established by
Dr. Serafin Juliano and Dr. Gustavo reyes
47
Emphasized learning by doing
Harvard
48
How many percent is vacancy rate in mt
10.4
49
Mt is lowest in vacancy in
Lab careers
50
Amt
American medical technologists
51
Ascp
American society for clinical pathology
52
The weight or value of each question is determined by difficulty
Ascp
53
HAAD
Health authority Abu dabhi
54
Regulate body of the health care sector in the emirate of Abu dabhi and ensures health care for its communities by monitoring health sterns of population
Health authonry Abu dabhi.
55
routine exchange of thought among lab sections, lab management, or staff which can be in form of written or oral.
Intradepartmental communication
56
Comm within a lab section
Intralab comm
57
Comm between patients, samples, user of lab service
Extra lab comm
58
Comm outside lab. Betweenlab institution or admin
Interdepartmental comm
59
Delegated workload
Division of work
60
4 structural models in org design
Functional component, self-contained, matrix component, network component
61
Hierarchical org levels.
Functional component
62
Clear understanding of responsibilities and authority. Functions best when the dept. Are engaged in repetitive, efficient and routine task.
Functional component
63
arranged along common platform.
Self-contained
64
there are subdivided areas of work. Divided accd. to location or costumer group.
Self-contained
65
shows different areas of work and person assigned as section head.
Matrix component
66
Staff members can have independent function irrespective of whether they are assigned to a section.
Matrix component
67
composed of units or realignnerts of works to reduce duplications and expand revenue generating services. Ex. Affiliated laboratories or satellite laboratories.
Network component
68
for evaluating cells that circulate in blood
Cbc or complete blood count
69
Cbc
Complete blood count
70
Core elements of blood
Erythrocytes, leukocyte, thrombocyte
71
Blood makes up
Liquid and cellular elements
72
Hemogram aka
Cbc with differential
73
Foundation procedure being conformed in hematology
Hemogram or cbc with differential
74
For: determining a person's general health status.
can be used to screen or diagnose diseases and even monitor diseases
Cbc with differential or hemogram
75
Component of cbc
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
76
Found inside rbc
Hemoglobin
77
Oxygen acrrying protein of red cell
Hemoglobin
78
Portion of blood that consists of rbs
Hematocrit
79
In cbc you will
Count the number of cbc per microliter of blood sample
80
Most abundant in 4 elements of blood
Rbc
81
Least amount in components of blood
Wbc
82
Is 4.6 to 5 million per microliter
Rbc
83
5 to 10,000 per microliter
Wbc
84
150-450k
Platelets per microliter
85
In platelets only, Cbc can be reported as
Increase, decrease, normal
86
During staining, the fixative/s is/are
Methanol or absolute alcohol
87
Staining uses
Wrice stain or giemsa stain
88
We will look for wbc and categorize them accd. To type
Wbc differential count
89
5 types of wbc
Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte, monocyte
90
The agranulocytes in wbc are
Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil
91
The granulocytes are
Lymphosyte and monocyte
92
Describes rbc
Rbc indices
93
Mcv
Mean corpuscular volume
94
Gives info about size of rbc
Mcv
95
Gives info about type of rbc taht a patient has
Mcv
96
Mch
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
97
Info about content of hemoglobin in rbc or how much hemoglobin content is
Mch
98
Results in mch are
Hyperchromic (madami), hypochromic(konti), normochromic(sakto lang)
99
Rdw
Red cell distribution width
100
Variation of size of rbc
Rdw
101
Measure difference in size and volume of rbc
Rdw
102
How much the concentration of hemoglobin is in rbc
Mchc
103
Mchc
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
104
Result in mchc
Hyperchromic-mataas,
normochromic-normal,
Hypochromic - mababa
105
Mpv
Mean platelet volume
106
Size of platelets
Mpv
107
Pdw
Platelet distribution width
108
Variation in size of platelet
Pdw
109
Significant degree in variation of rbc
Anisocytosis
110
Significant degree in variation of shape of rbc
Poikilocytosis
111
3 types of blood
Venous blood, capillary blood, arterial blood
112
Mostly used for lab exams (blood)
Venius blood
113
Blood taken from difficult patients
Capillary blood
114
Where is capillary blood taken
3rd or 4th finger of non dominant hand
115
Blood is put in
Test tube
116
Deters clotting
Anticoagulant
117
Anticoagulants are color coded nationally. TRU OR F
F. It is coded UNIVERSALLY
118
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EDTA
119
Anticoagulant for cbc
EDTA
120
Code of edta
Violet or gold
121
Cbc can only be dine manually. T or F
F. It can be manual or automated
122
Aspirates sample of blood for hemoglobin determination.
Sahli pipette
123
Find quantity of platelets in specified volume of blood
Sahli pipette
124
There is a reagent mixed in blood to get hemoglobin in Sahli pipette.T OR F
T
125
Has grid lines under microscope because you put here the blood sample for rbc and platelet counting
Hemocytometer or counting chamber
126
Counting chamber aka
Hemocytometer
127
Specimen slide used to determine the concentration of cells in a liquid sample
Counting chamber or hemocytometer
128
Measure and transfer small amounts of liquid and fill by capillary action
Capillary pipette
129
Mataas na wbc
Leukocytosis or luekophilia
130
Cytosis
Pag mataas
131
Philia
Pag mataas
132
Penia
Mababa
133
Mababa na wbc
Leukopenia
134
Madaming rbc
Polycythemia
135
Mababa rdw
Uniformity in size
136
Mataas rdw
Anisocytosis
137
Newly produced, relatively immature rbc
Reticulocyte
138
High count of Reticulocyte could lead to
Bleeding or hemorrhage, hemolytic anemia, hemolytic disease of new born
139
Destroys rbc
Hemolytic anemia
140
Shape of rbc
Biconcave
141
Ratio of supravital stain and edta w/ blood
1:1
142
Hematology analyzer
Automated cbc
143
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
144
measure of the fall of rbc that is placed on a tall thin vertical tube.
ESR
145
For: indirect measure of degree of inflammation present in the body.
ESR
146
Monitor disease activity and response to therapy in temporal arteritis and Polymyalgia rheumatica
Esr
147
In ESR, results are reported in ______ of clear plasma that are present at the top portion of tube after ___ hour.
millimeter..1 hour
148
PBS
Peripheral blood smear
149
Blood used for Peripheral blood smear
Venous or capillary blood
150
used to determine presence and identification of abnormal or immature cells.
PBS
151
For: categorize and/or identify conditions that affect one or more types of blood cells and to monitor those undergoing treatment for these conditions.
Pbs
152
includes description of the appearance of the RBC,WBCs and platelets as well as any abnormalities that may be on the slide.
Pbs
153
= here, you can see the normal morphology of RBC, WBC, platelets
Pbs
154
Biggest wbc
Monocyte
155
Blood thinners
Para lumabnaw dugo at di. Magclot
156
PT with INR
prothombin time with INR
157
Inr
International nirmalized ratio
158
States to doctor whether the coumadin is over dosed ot underdosed
Pt with inr
159
Reported in ___ to measure how long it takes to form a clotting sample of blood
Seconds. PT with INR
160
Code or tube for pt withinr
Blue
161
Light blue tap
Sodium citrate 1:9. 1 part anticoagulant 9 parts blood
162
Black
Sodium citrate 1:4
163
PTT or APTT
partial thromboplastim time
164
assess function of the extrinsic clotting factors
PT with INR
165
Tendency to bleed
Pt with inr
166
How long it takes for blood to clot
Ptt
167
Ptt results is reported in
Seconds
168
assess function of the intrinsic clotting factors
Ptt
169
Analyzes substance in blood using chemicals
Clinical chem
170
One of the most common test in clinical chem
Blood glucose determination
171
4 clinical stage of diabetes
Type 1 or IDDM or juvenile-onset Dm
172
Iddm
Type 1 diabetes. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
173
Glucose processed to be source of energy
Glycolysis
174
Glucose is not processed and is still in. Circulation, it could lead to
Hyperglycemia
175
Major cause of diabetes
Hyperglycemia
176
Needed for glucose to go inside cell
Insulin
177
Niddm
Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
178
Symptom of iddm
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
179
Frequent urination
Polyuria
180
Excessive thirst
Polydipsia
181
Excess hunger
Polyphagia
182
Genetic type of diabetes
Type 2 diabetes or niddm
183
Diabates seen in old people
Type 2 or niddm or adult onset dm
184
Onset generally younger than 30 yrs old
Type 1 or iddm
185
Receptor that recognizes insulin is broken
Type 2 diabetes
186
Produces insulin
Beta cell
187
diminished a tissue sensitivity to insulin and impaired beta cell (delayed or adequate insulin release) due to self cell attacking
Self tissues (antibodies)
Type 2 diabetes or niddm or adult onset dm
188
Seen in later stage of pregnant women
Gestational diabetes
189
Why is there gestational dm
Placenta produces hormone that causes insulin resistance
190
Diabetes mother and child could have after gestational diabetes
Tyoe 2
191
Baby and mother is at risk of it after gestational diabetes
Others: genetic defects in insulin function, disease in the pancreas or beta cell
192
= terms used to impair fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance
Pre diabates
193
Patients have mild symptoms in prediabetes
False walang symtoms dito uwu
194
Anticoagulant used in clinical chem
None because bLood needs to clot for serum
195
Screening tests for diabetes
FBS, RBS, OGCT
196
Fbs
fasting blood sugar
197
Rbs
Random blood sugar
198
In fbs, the fasting is hiw many hours
8 to 10
199
No calorie diet in this test
Fbs
200
Taken at any point of day and no fasting
Rbs
201
Rbs
Random blood sugar
202
Ogct
Oral glucose challenge test
203
Usually used for screening for gestational diabetes
OGCT
204
Process of ogct
Get fasting level, drink 75mg glucose solution, after 1hr get blood
205
Comventional or normal goucose level
70-99mg/dl or 3.9 to 5.5mmol/L or less than 140
206
Impaired glucose or pre diabetes
100-125mg/dl, 5.6-6.9mmol/L
207
Diebetes
126 mg/dl or 7.0 mmol/L or 200
208
If glucose level is < 126 mg/dl, test should be
repeated or there should be a confirmatory test
209
How long fasting for OGTT
8 to 10 den
210
Ogtt
Oral glucose tolerance test
211
Sample for 2 hour ogtt is how many
3
212
Tinitignan kung gano kabilis pinoproseso ng katawan yung glucose na ininom ng pasyente.
Ogtt
213
After __ hours, in ogtt dat normal na yung blood glucose level if normal yung glucose metabolism niya at wala siyang diabetes.
2
214
Antibodies that keep on attacking beta cell of the pancreas:
ICA, GADA, 1A-2A, IAA
215
Most common. Detected in 70-80% of type l diabetes.
ICA (islet cell cytoplasmic autoantibodies) =
216
one of commonly defected auto antibody 70-80 % diabetes type I
= directed against beta cell protein (antigen) but not specific to beta cell
GADA (glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies) =
217
60% of type 1 diebetes insulinoma associated with auto antibody. Beta cell. Sinsira beta cell.
IA-2A (insulinama-associated 2 antibodies) =
218
= 50% of diabetic children. Not commonly detected in adults. targeted to insulin
IAA (Insulin antibodies)
219
= instead of serum, it uses plasma. EDTA is used
Fasting plasma glucose(FPG)
220
= 2 hours after eating full meal,kukuhaan ng dugo.
2 hour Post prandial glucose test
221
Monitoring test for diabetes
HBA1c, urine or blood ketone, fructosamine, insulin, - C. Peptide, 1.5 anhydro glucitol
222
reflects ave. Of plasma glucose level over the previous 2 to 3 months.
Glycosylated / glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c)
223
Life span of red cell
90 to 120 days
224
dito dumidikit glucose. Represents ave. Glucose level for as long as the red cell is alive ( 90 to 120 days).
Glycosylated / glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c)
225
expected to monitor the long term control of diabetes.
Glycosylated / glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c)
226
Sample needed in Glycosylated / glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c)
Blood in edta bc we need hemoglobin
227
Product of fats
Ketone
228
in case may problema sa hemoglobin, can be used as alternate test(??) for hemoglobin o hba1c accd to google. Idk 😭😭
Fructosamine
229
Fasting for lipid profile how long
12 to 14 hours
230
= groups of fats or fat-like substances. Important consituent of cells And source of energy.
Lipid
231
measures type of specific lipids in the blood to assess risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Pinapaliit daanan ng dugo.
Lipid profile
232
2 types of lipid:
triglyceride and cholesterol
233
Transports triglyceride and cholesterol
Glycoprotein
234
Total cholesterol = measures all cholesterol in al the lipoprotein molecules
Total cholesterol
235
the “good cholesterol” . It removes excees cholesterol and buries it to liver for removal.
HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) =
236
“ bad cholesterol” . Deposits excess cholesterol in blood vessels. Eto bumabara sa blood vessel.
LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) =
237
nagpiprickle yung blood vessel walls due to deposits of fats.
Atherosclerosis
238
= also part of particle that could transport
Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
239
Ldl could lead to
Atherosclerosis
240
If a person is at risk of cardiovascular diseases, the ldl is
High
241
If glucose and lipid are needed what happens
Fasting for 10 hours for glucose
242
- important building block for cells and tissues.
Protein
243
Important for:
- Body growth development - hormones
- health - enzymes , clotting factors
Protein
244
2 types of protein:
albumin and globulin
245
Total protein will only_____ if:
= if liver is impaired..liver disease
= malnutrition.
= kidney disease.
Nephrotic disease.
= increased/expand plasma volume. Diluting the blood like congestive heart failure.
Decrease
246
Total protein will____ if:
= abnormally high production of protein ( like from inflammatory disorders, multiple myeloma)
= dehydration.
increase
247
Waste product of protein metabolism
BUN
248
Bun
Blood urea nitrogen
249
Metabolism of amino acids
Ammonia
250
= waste product produced by muscles from the breakdown of compound called creatine
Creatinine
251
waste product produced by muscles
Creatinine
252
Major proponent of urine: urea (kaya mapanghi ihi), creatinine
urea (kaya mapanghi ihi), creatinine
253
gano kabilis or karami ang release ng kidney sa creatinine.
Creatinine clearance
254
gano kabilis ifilter ni kidney.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) =
255
formed per unit of time in all nephrons of both kidneys
Glomerular
256
the basic unit of kidney. Pinakafilter na ginagamit is glomerulus na part neto.
Nephrons
257
= final breakdown product of purine nucleoside metabolism.
Blood uric acid
258
BUA
blood uric acid
259
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate
260
If it build up in blood, it can affect the brain
Ammonia
261
= metabolizes, detoxifies, makes proteins, etc makes bile, which dissolves fat
Liver
262
Best for detecting hepa
Alanine aminotransferase ( ALT)
263
Alt is AKA
Alanine animotransferase or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)
264
found in liver and few lther organs like heart and muscles.
Aspartate aminotransferase ( AST)
265
Ast
Aspartate aminotransferase AKA Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
