midterm Flashcards
empowerment
Resources, info, and attitudes lead to action to achieve the desired goal
employment
Gettings a job from public speaking
source
The speaker
encode
Translate ideas and images into verbal or nonverbal symbols
code
verbal or nonverbal symbols for an idea or image
message
content of the speech and the mode of delivery
decode
translate verbal or nonverbal symbols into ideas or images
channel
Visual and auditory means by which a message is transmitted from sender to receiver
receiver
A listener or an audience member
internal noise
Physiological or psychological interference with communication
external noise
physical sounds that interfere with communication
physiological noise
Something that happens to the speaker
psychological noise
Something that happens to someone in the audience
feedback
Verbal or nonverbalresponses provided by an audience to a speaker
context
Environment or situation in which a speech occurs
conversation
More laidback
public speaking
Process of presenting a spoken message to an audience
communication as action
one-directional transmission of information from a source or sender to some destination or receiver
communication as interaction
participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts
communication as transaction
communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts
how do communication models affect the communication process?
simplify the process by providing a visual representation of the various aspects of a communication encounter
negative thought
Thinking poorly (pessimistic)
positive self-talk
optimistic
Techniques to become a confident speaker
Know the reasons why anxious, channel anxiety, and understand your body is helping you
Consider your audience
Think about the audience a lot
Select and narrow topic
Think about an appropriate topic for your audience and the speech requirements
Consider occasion
Consider yourself
Brainstorming
Listening and reading
Don’t procrastinate
Determine purpose
Inform, entertain, or persuade
General purpose
Overarching foal or a speech
To inform
Speech that teaches others new information or things
To persuade
seeks to change or reinforce listeners’ attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior
To entertain
Tell a story
specific purpose
Concise statment of desired audience response
Central idea
1 sentence statement of what a speech is about
Blueprint
Central idea of a speech plus preview of main ideas
Generating main ideas
Gather supporting material
Organize speech
Rehearse speech
Deliver speech
9 steps of speech-making process
How to narrow a topic
How to rehearse and deliver speech
How to select an appropriate topic
3 Ways of generating main ideas from a central idea
