Midterm Flashcards
What is interprofessional education (IPE)?
When students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes.
What is interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP)?
When multiple heath workers from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, caregivers, and communities to deliver the highest quality of care.”
What is the goal for inter professional learning?
To prepare all health profession students for working together with the other members of the healthcare team to improve patient care and outcomes
What is shared decision making?
Patients and healthcare providers make decisions based on expected outcomes increasing patient understanding and bye-in
What is profession-centricism?
Determining the perception of members of one’s own profession and outsiders
What are the inter professional contributions to patient care?
- Unique perspective
- Unique skills
- Unique collaboration
How does looking through a centric lens affect our profession?
- Impact on collaboration
2. Impact on patient care
What is shared decision making based on?
- Clinical evidence
- Expected outcomes (risks vs benefits)
- Patient preferences
What builds an effective team?
Effective people
What are the 3 C’s that are the foundation for teamwork?
- Character
- Chemistry
- Competence
What does it mean to have character?
To obtain trust
What does it mean to have chemistry?
Being communicative
What does it mean to have competence?
Having clear expectations
What are the 7 habits of highly effective people?
- Be proactive
- Begin with the end in mind
- Put first things first
- Think win-win
- Seek firs to understand, then to be understood
- Synergize
- Sharpen the saw
What is the purpose of being proactive?
- Knowing your role and accept responsibility for it
2. Know others’ roles and rely on them
What does it mean to being with end in mind?
- Have defined, shared goals
2. Accountability for the shared goal
What does it mean to put first things first?
- Have effective leadership
2. Have shared priorities
How do you think win-win?
- Having mutual trust and respect
2. When conflict arises, look for options that work for both sides
What does it mean to seek to understand?
Having effective communication skills by listening and having empathy
What does it mean to synergize?
- Interdependent collective unit
- Value other’s strengths and ideas
- Possess complementary knowledge and skills
How do you sharpen the saw?
- Keep learning
2. Finding meaningful ways to help others
What are the 5 factors of having a function over a dysfunctional team?
- Trust vs Lack of trust
- Open communication vs. Fear of conflict
- Commitment vs. Lack of commitment
- Accountability vs. Avoidance of accountability
- Attentiveness vs. Inattention to results
Describe the differences between trust vs lack of trust
Vulnerability → trust
Lack of vulnerability → no trust
Describe the differences between open communication vs fear of conflict
Trust → open, meaningful discussion
No trust → fear of conflict → lack of communication
Describe the difference between commitment vs lack of committment
Trusting, open discussion → commitment
No discussion → lack of true commitment
Describe the difference between accountability vs avoidance of accountability
Commitment → clear, accountable expectations
No commitment to the team or goal → no accountability for achieving the goal (unclear expectations)
Describe the difference between attentiveness vs inattention to results
Accountability → attentive focus on team goals
Lack of accountability → individual goals over team goals
What are some barriers to IPCP?
- Lack of education and training which promotes collaborative practice
- Changing/Blurring of roles
- Individualistic nature of medicine
- Changing Settings
- Instability of teams/Lack of teamwork
- Lack of trust and respect in team members
- Reimbursement structures for different professions
How would we overcome barriers to IPCP?
- Be proactive
- Think win-win
- Put first things first
- Seek first to understand, then to be understood
- Synergize
How can we be proactive to overcome barriers to IPCP?
- Know your own profession/role
- Learn about other professions
- Establish positive attitudes about your own profession
How can we think win-win to overcome barriers to IPCP?
- Foster and develop trust between members of the team
2. Establish a method for conflict resolution
How can we put first things first to overcome barriers to IPCP?
Share responsibility for the patient’s care
How can we seek to be understood to overcome barriers to IPCP?
Establish a method of communication
How can we synergize to overcome barriers to IPCP?
- Respect others’ skills and knowledge
2. Advocate and promote collaborative practice
What are examples of communication strategies?
- SOAP Note
- SBAR
- Call Out
- Check Back
- Hand Off
- Addressing concerns
What is a SBAR?
A structured communication tool used by members of the healthcare team to provide important information concisely when an action is warranted
What are components of SBAR?
- Situation
- Background
- Assessment
- Recommendation
When would you use SBAR?
- When an action is needed
- Key information should be shared with someone
- A concern should be escalated
What are some strategies for addressing concerns?
- LEARN Model
2. Two Challenge Rule
What are the importance of shared values?
- Provide patient centered care
- Respect patient dignity and privacy
- Embrace cultural diversity and differences
- Respect roles and expertise of other HCP
- Act with honesty and integrity
- Maintain competency in one’s own profession
What are pharmacists?
Medication experts who improve public health by the provision of team-based patient centered care, optimal medication therapy outcomes and disease prevention services
What are pharmacist’s scope of practice?
- Interpretation of prescription orders
- The compounding, labeling, and dispensing of drugs and devices
- Drug product selection
- Drug utilization reviews
- Patient monitoring and interventions
- The provision of cognitive services related to the use of medications
Conducting health and wellness testing - Managing chronic disease
- Preforming medication management
- Immunization
What tasks are there for medical management?
- Selection
- Procurement
- Storage
- Preparation and dispensing
- Prescribing, dosing, transcribing
- Administration
- Monitoring, evaluation, education
What are pharmacy technicians?
An individual working in a pharmacy who, under the supervision of the licensed pharmacist, assists in pharmacy activities that do not require professional judgment of a pharmacist.
What are the roles of a pharm tech?
- Inventory management
- Interpretation, transcribing and implementation of medication orders
- Nonsterile Compounding
- Labeling of drugs and devices
- Customer service
- Pharmacy billing and reimbursement
Why is credentialing and licensing important?
State law determines the scope of practice and education and testing involved
It is illegal to use the title or practice without the credential
What professions require 4 years of professional school?
Physicians, dentists, podiatrists, veterinarians, and optometrists
Which professions require additional training
dentistry, podiatry, veterinary medicine and optometry
What occupation generally have 3 years of residency?
Physicians
Which professionals require a master’s?
PA, ARNP, CRNA
Which profession requires a BS
RNs
What is conflict?
Disagreeing on how to do something or what to do?
What are the basics of conflict resolution?
- Communication is key
- Ask yourself first why you are upset
- It takes two to tango
- Timing is everything
- Know your place in the hierachy
- Be direct but not aggressive
What fraction of issues in the workplace are due to miscommunication?
1/3
When would miscommunication occur?
- Information is unrecorded or recorded incorrectly
- Info is never received
- Info is never retrieved
- Info is ignored
What are some reasons why one is upset?
- Pride
- Connivence/Rushing
- Compliance
- Differing ideas
What are the signs of emotional intelligence?
- Self Awareness
- Empathy
- Motivation
- Self regulation
- Social skills
What are signs of low emotional intelligence?
- Argumentative
- Blaming others
- Not Listening
- Emotional outbursts
What are examples of scenarios that should be addressed immediately?
- Patient’s life is at risk
- 4Rs are forgotten
- Forgot something important like labs
- Sexual harrassment
What are some conflicts that should be addressed later?
- Being angry you can’t be professional
- You were offended presonally
- You feel the situation could be handled differently
- You are dissatisfied by your team’s work ethic and performance
What is the importance of knowing you place?
The hierarchy is different wherever you go and depends on the team you work with and the relationships you build with them.
How can we be direct but not aggressive?
- Use I feel statements
- Assert yourself if necessary
- Education may be needed to solve issues
- Recommend better alternatives without discounting other people’s ideas
- Not everyone shares you ideals or beliefs
When should you document?
- You disagree with any part of a treatment regimen, and why
- You make a mistake such as give the wrong patient a medication or wrong drug, etc
- You encounter something truly unacceptable: racism, bigotry, sexual harassment
