midterm Flashcards
proposes that aging events are random and accumulate with time
stochastic theories
repeated injury to cells, tissues and organs results in aging.
wear-and-tear theory
all genetically programmed for a specific lifespan
non-stochastic theory
___ % of the population was over the age of 65
12.4
measure of the overall health status of a population
life expectancy
2010, projected life expectancy
77.4
age span of young-old
65-74
age span of middle-old
75-84
age span of old-old
85 +
men born b/w 1920 & 1930 are in what cohort
wwII and korean war
women born in 20-30 time frame are said to be
traditional
men born b/w 1940-1955
vietnam cohort
women born in 40-55 era are
less traditional
baby boomer year cohort
1946-1964
presence of chronic diseases
chronicity
where do most older adults live
at home
what percentage live in long-term care facilities
4.5%
federal poverty threshold for an ind. age 65+ is
$10,210
emphasis on outcomes which means we are
involved in diagnosis and research
quality of care performance appraisal education collegiality ethics collaboration research & resource utilization
8 standards of professional gerontological nursing performance
3 nursing roles specific to gerontological nursing
gerontologic nurse generalist
gerontological clinical nurse specialist
gerontological/geriatric nurse practitioner
reintegrate past experiences and to resolve conflict and repair relationships
purpose of life review
total body water declines muscle mass declines by 30% max hrt rate 155-195 cardiac reserves down lung vital capacity down by 17% renal perfusion down by 50% cerebral blood flow down by 20%
normal changes with aging
sensory losses lead to
reduced ability and desire to communicate
isolation
frustration leads to aggression or withdrawal
vision loss
decreased pupil size and accommodation
central vision loss
macular degeneration
glaucoma
peripheral vision loss
cataracts
cloudy vision
one of first signs of CHF in older adults
loss of appetite
subclinical s&s of hypothyroidism
delirium depression dementia weight loss constipation muscle weakness/abnormal gait
hyperthyroidism
fatigue & slowing down
sign of dehydration
orthostatic hypotension
cell death
senescence
damage caused to cellular proteins by free radicals
oxidative stress
common precursor of disease, drug toxicity or psychological trauma
change in mental status
primary causes of deliriumand confusion
medication side effects
toxic levels of meds
drug-drug interactions
confusion assessment method
did the confusion happen rather quickly?
is this person easily distracted and inattentive?
does the person have an altered level of consciousness?
used to describe the decrease in muscle mass and other physiologic changes that result from aging or immobility
deconditioning
inability to perform activities that ensure a person’s independence, such as rising from a chair
functional decline
behaviors that trigger an assessment for delirium
agitation
change in behavior
memory impairment
delirium onset
over short period of time worsening at night
delirium frequently occurs
b/w 3rd & 6th day of hospitalization
delirium can progress to
stupor and/or coma
seizures
death
delirium can be completely resolved in
1-4 weeks
most vulnerable to delirium
older
sicker
cognitively impaired
primary drug related cause of delirium
anticholinergic meds (tricyclics)
confusion assessment method (CAM)
based on observation - not interview
valid & reliable
increased psychomotor activity, such as rapid speech, irritability and restlessness
hyperactive delirium
lethargy
slowed speech
apathy
decreased alertness
hypoactive delirium
