midterm Flashcards
Confound
In a study looking for a possible cause-and-effect link, there is a third variable. A confounding variable is linked to both the study’s ostensible cause and its apparent outcome.
Construct Validation
the degree to which your test or measure accurately assesses what it is meant to.
Correlation Coefficient
The intensity and direction of the relationship between variables is measured by this indicator.
Debriefing
After participation, a procedure in which the true objective of the study and the need for deception are revealed to the participants, as well as any psychological or physical consequences of involvement, is carried out.
demand characteristic
A potential confound or bias that can arise from any aspect of a study that might inform participants of the study’s hypothesis
descriptive statistics
Have the purpose of reducing the complexity of a set or distribution of numbers by summarizing the information it contains.
developmental designs
A research design in which the key variable of interest is age or time as it pertains to age.
DV (dependent variable)
The variable that is affected by the IV. Ex: questionnaire
external validity
The extent to which a research finding can be applied beyond the study’s parameters. (other people, groups, events)
inferential statistics
Have the goal of evaluating the likelihood of an experimental result observed in a sample occurring given a set of conditions in the population(s) from which the sample was drawn.
informed consent
A process that occurs prior to participation in which subjects are informed about the study’s overall aim, the risks connected with participation, and their right to withdraw at any moment throughout the trial.
interaction effects
The changing effects of one IV on the DV depending upon the level of another IV in a factorial design.
internal validity
Internal validity is the extent to which a piece of evidence supports a claim about cause and effect, within the context of a particular study
The extent to which observed changes on the dependent variable are directly explained by the independent variable rather than to an unintentional variable.(confound)
main effects
The separate effects of each IV on the DV in a factorial design.
null hypothesis
That There is no link between the two variables being investigated (one does not influence the other).
operational definition
a definition of anything in terms of the procedures (activities, or processes) that could be used to monitor and measure it.
operationism
The operational definition of the item in question determines what it measures, according to this measurement theory.
p-value
a number that indicates how likely it is that your data happened by a randomchance, given a relation between IV and DV
random assignment
A technique of assigning subjects to conditions in which each subject has an equal chance of getting placed to each one. Any extraneous variable, when used correctly, has the same chance of affecting one group as it does the others.
random sampling
A sampling method in which every member of the population has the same chance of being chosen for the sample. Random sampling, when done correctly, eliminates sample bias.
reliability
The term “reliability” refers to how consistent and steady an assessment’s outcomes are.
research hypothesis
A formal statement that there is a relationship between the variables of interest in the population. Typically this includes a description of the type of relationship also.
single case experimental designs
A research strategy in which only one or a small number of individuals are involved in an IV manipulation.
statistic
An index that is descriptive of a sample.
