midterm

Question 1

Confound

Answer 1

In a study looking for a possible cause-and-effect link, there is a third variable. A confounding variable is linked to both the study’s ostensible cause and its apparent outcome.

Question 2

Construct Validation

Answer 2

the degree to which your test or measure accurately assesses what it is meant to.

Question 3

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 3

The intensity and direction of the relationship between variables is measured by this indicator.

Question 4

Debriefing

Answer 4

After participation, a procedure in which the true objective of the study and the need for deception are revealed to the participants, as well as any psychological or physical consequences of involvement, is carried out.

Question 5

demand characteristic

Answer 5

A potential confound or bias that can arise from any aspect of a study that might inform participants of the study’s hypothesis

Question 6

descriptive statistics

Answer 6

Have the purpose of reducing the complexity of a set or distribution of numbers by summarizing the information it contains.

Question 7

developmental designs

Answer 7

A research design in which the key variable of interest is age or time as it pertains to age.

Question 8

DV (dependent variable)

Answer 8

The variable that is affected by the IV. Ex: questionnaire

Question 9

external validity

Answer 9

The extent to which a research finding can be applied beyond the study’s parameters. (other people, groups, events)

Question 10

inferential statistics

Answer 10

Have the goal of evaluating the likelihood of an experimental result observed in a sample occurring given a set of conditions in the population(s) from which the sample was drawn.

Question 11

informed consent

Answer 11

A process that occurs prior to participation in which subjects are informed about the study’s overall aim, the risks connected with participation, and their right to withdraw at any moment throughout the trial.

Question 12

interaction effects

Answer 12

The changing effects of one IV on the DV depending upon the level of another IV in a factorial design.

Question 13

internal validity

Answer 13

Internal validity is the extent to which a piece of evidence supports a claim about cause and effect, within the context of a particular study

The extent to which observed changes on the dependent variable are directly explained by the independent variable rather than to an unintentional variable.(confound)

Question 14

main effects

Answer 14

The separate effects of each IV on the DV in a factorial design.

Question 15

null hypothesis

Answer 15

That There is no link between the two variables being investigated (one does not influence the other).

Question 16

operational definition

Answer 16

a definition of anything in terms of the procedures (activities, or processes) that could be used to monitor and measure it.

Question 17

operationism

Answer 17

The operational definition of the item in question determines what it measures, according to this measurement theory.

Question 18

p-value

Answer 18

a number that indicates how likely it is that your data happened by a randomchance, given a relation between IV and DV

Question 19

random assignment

Answer 19

A technique of assigning subjects to conditions in which each subject has an equal chance of getting placed to each one. Any extraneous variable, when used correctly, has the same chance of affecting one group as it does the others.

Question 20

random sampling

Answer 20

A sampling method in which every member of the population has the same chance of being chosen for the sample. Random sampling, when done correctly, eliminates sample bias.

Question 21

reliability

Answer 21

The term “reliability” refers to how consistent and steady an assessment’s outcomes are.

Question 22

research hypothesis

Answer 22

A formal statement that there is a relationship between the variables of interest in the population. Typically this includes a description of the type of relationship also.

Question 23

single case experimental designs

Answer 23

A research strategy in which only one or a small number of individuals are involved in an IV manipulation.

Question 24

statistic

Answer 24

An index that is descriptive of a sample.