Midterm Flashcards
What is the Vision for the Future of OT?
To maximize health, well-being, & QoL for all people, populations, and communities through effective solutions.
What services does the Community-Based Practice provide?
- Acute & chronic medical care.
- Direct & indirect service provision.
- Habilitation & rehabilitation.
- Prevention & health promotion.
What are the means of Community-level interventions?
Modify the sociocultural, political, economic, & environmental context of the community to Achieve Health Goals.
Community-Centered Initiatives:
Generated by leaders & members of a community to utilize community resources. Client is Entire Community.
How can an OT Advocate for Community Health?
Identify needs of community for optimal functioning & advocate for services to meet those needs.
How would an OT act as a Consultant?
Identify and analyze issues, develop strategies to address issues & prevent future issues from developing.
How would an OT act as a Case Manager?
Advise the consumer; Coordinate services; Evaluate financial resources; & Advocate for services.
How would an OT act as an Entrepeneur?
Organize business endeavors, manage its operations, and assumes risk associated.
How would an OT act as a Supervisor?
Manage activities of team, schedule, delegate, recruit, train, & performance appraisals.
How would an OT act as a Program Manager?
- Budgeting and Staffing
- Design & Development
- Function & Evaluation of program
- Supervision
Moral Treatment:
18th & 19th century. Movement instituted by Philippe Pine resulted in a more humane treatment of the mental.
Paradigm of Occupation:
1900-1940
Focus is on occupation & its potential for therapeutic use in both life & health.
Mechanistic Paradigm:
1960s
• Focus is on the Inner Mechanism of disease & disability.
• More aligned with the medical model–Lack of occupation.
Emerging Paradigm:
1980–1990
• Synthesis of Mechanistic & Contemporary Knowledge of occupation from many disciplines.
•Dynamic interaction–PEO.
Community Practice Paradigms:
• Based on the Dynamic Systems Theroy
Community Model Paradigm:
Community member is…
• Responsible…
•Autonomous…
• Clinician answers to consumer–Collaborative.
Define Public Health…
Art & Science of preventing disease, prolonging life, & promoting health through society.
Explain Health Education…
Learning experiences increasing knowledge or influencing their attitudes, improving health.
Explain Health Promotion…
Educational, Environmental, Organizational, Political, or Regulatory means of supporting actions & conditions contributing to the health of individuals, groups, & communities.
Explain Community Health…
Physical, Emotional, Social, & Spiritual well-being of a group defined by either proximity or shared characteristics.
What are the Levels of Prevention?
- Primary: Preventative.
- Secondary: Prevents secondary complications.
- Tertiary: Contain damage once disease/disability has progressed beyond early stages (contain the turd).
What are the Levels of Occupation-Based Intervention?
- Individual: Personal wellness goals addressed through direct interaction.
- Group: Small groups with same disability/characteristics with shared goals.
- Organizational: Broad groups, individual goals may differ but organizational goal is shared.
- Community: Address broad issues impacting large population with common characteristics.
- Governmental Policy: Laws, Policies, & Procedures impacting health of all covered by policy.
Reciprocal Determinism:
Bandura’s idea of reciprocal interaction between us & environment.
Social Cognitive Theory… Determinants & Strategies:
Key Aspects Determining Health Behaviors Include… • Facilitators & Barriers. • Knowledge of health risks & benefits. • Self-determined goals. • Self-efficacy. • Outcome expectations.
Strategies:
•Modeling.
• Reinforcement.
• Self-monitoring.
Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change
- Pre-contemplation: Unaware of need for change with no intention of changing.
- Contemplation: Aware of problem–no action.
- Preparation: Planning & identifying methods & materials needed for change.
- Action: Taking steps.
- Maintenance: Making long-term investment in sustaining change.
- Relapse/recycling: Typical–restarting cycle to re-create change.
Precede–Proceed Planning Model: Precede
Precede: Predisposing, reinforcing, enabling factors.
- Phase 1–Social Assessment: Health problems impact on community’s QoL.
- Phase 2–Epidemiological, Behavioral, Environment Assessment: Health related factors impact on community.
- Phase 3–Educational & Ecological Assessment: Predisposing, enforcing, & enabling factors impacting health-related behaviors.
- Phase 4–Policy Assessment & Intervention Alignment: Implications of budget, resources, policies & regulations, barriers to change.
- Phase 5–Implementation.
Precede–Proceed Planning Model: Proceed
Proceed: Policy, Organizational, Regulatory constructs in Educational & Environmental Development.
- Phase 6: Evaluation of Process.
- Phase 7: Evaluation of Impact.
- Phase 8: Evaluation of Outcome.
Occupational Resiliency Factors:
Precursors increasing resistance to developing disease or disability.
Population Health…
Collaborative, interdisciplinary approach involving advocacy, policy revision & development to maximize health equity & occupational justice.
Epidemiology…
Study of disease or disability distribution, determinants, & frequencies.
Characteristics of Community & Population Health Practice Paradigm (CPHP)…
- Client-centered
- Occupation-based
- Evidence-supported
- Based on the Dynamic Systems theory
- Ecologically supported
- Strengths-based
Occupational Risk Factors…
Factors that increase individual’s vulnerability to developing a disease or disability.
–Can be physical, social, economic, environmental, & political.
Well-being…
General term–”total universe” of human domains: Physical, Mental, & Social aspects.
• Considered the outcome of health Promotion & OT.
Wellness…
Perception of & responsibility for Psychological & Physical wellbeing = QoL.
Define Eustress…
Promotes Accommodation, Adaptation, & Positive Change.
Define Distress…
Actual or perceived threat to body’s ability to maintain homeostasis.
Chronic Stress: Body Systems…
- Skin: eczema, psoriasis.
- Metabolic: Hypothyroidism & diabetes.
- Neurologic: Depression, anxiety, & migraines.
- Cognitive: Production of Glucocorticoid = STM production.
Chronic Stress: Physiological Responses…
• Cardiovascular System:
– Acutes response: increased HR.
– Chronic response: Hypertension, CAD, or CHF.
• Gastrointestinal System:
– Acute response: Changed eating habits, or “butterflies.”
–Chronic response: Ulcers, colitis, Crohn’s disease.
•Respiratory System:
– Acute: Fast breathing.
–Chronic: Asthma, Hay fever.
• Musculoskeletal System:
– Acute: Muscles tense & can trigger headaches.
– Chronic: Rheumatoid arthritis, chronic pain.
•Endocrine System:
– Acute: Increased release of Cortisol.
• Nervous System:
– Acute: Fight or Flight.
Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP)…
- Used in Psychiatric Rehab.
- Supports self-management & coherence, improves perceived recovery.
- Decreases depression & anxiety.
* 5 Key Principles: –Self-advocacy. –Support. – Hope. – Education. –Personal Responsibility.
Healthy People 2020…
Goal of reducing adults with no physical activity/sedentary lifestyle–increase amount of people who meet minimum.
Caregivers–at risk for…?
& Increased stress = alcohol, prescription & psychotropic drug, substance use.
