Midterm

Question 1

reliability

Answer 1

Reliability asks whether the measure is consistent and dependable. Reliability is about the consistency of a measure, and validity is about the accuracy of a measure.

Question 2

validity

Answer 2

validity is the measure of the true value of concepts

Question 3

comparative field of PS

Answer 3

studies politics outside of the US, usually have regional specialties

Question 4

IR in PS

Answer 4

focuses on the politics of other states and how int’l orgs interact

Question 5

goal of science

Answer 5

inference - gathering facts and information and inferring a broader process

Question 6

front-end

Answer 6

lit review, introduction, research question, theory, hypothesis

Question 7

back end

Answer 7

measurement, research design, summary, conclusions, implications

Question 8

unit of analysis and examples

Answer 8

who or what is being measured. individuals, groups, relationships, organizations, countries

Question 9

nominal data

Answer 9

used for labeling variable (categorizing the world into 5 regions)

Question 10

ordinal data

Answer 10

data are ordered, but the difference between the two valuables is not meaningful (survey level of satisfaction)

Question 11

continuous data

Answer 11

numerical scales where we know the exact difference between the values (age)

Question 12

time series

Answer 12

a single unit over time (stock market influences presidential approval over time)

Question 13

cross sectional

Answer 13

a cross section of the data at the same point in time (economic indicators of countries in 1984)

Question 14

time series cross sectional

Answer 14

both mixed together. (civil wars in each country since 1945)

Question 15

lab experiments

Answer 15

researcher controls the environment

Question 16

face validity

Answer 16

what appears to be true. subjective view as to whether or not the measure looks like it will work

Question 17

content validity

Answer 17

asks if our measure captures all aspects of the concept we’re trying to measure

Question 18

construct validity

Answer 18

considers how the measure relates to broader theoretical assumptions about the concept

Question 19

differences between population and sample

Answer 19

population is the group that you want to study. The subset of a population is a sample.

Question 20

non probability and probability

Answer 20

non-probability includes convenience sampling, snowball sampling, and case studies. Probability sampling is a sampling technique, in which the subjects of the population get an equal opportunity to be selected as a representative sample. Non Probability sampling is a method of sampling where it is not known that which individual from the population will be selected as a sample.

Question 21

neg skew

Answer 21

tail points to the left

Question 22

pos skew

Answer 22

tail points right and the mean is bigger than the median

Question 23

what graphs do you use for nominal data?

Answer 23

bar and pie chat

Question 24

what graphs do you use for continuous data?

Answer 24

histograms and boxplots

Question 25

what graph do you use for ordinal data?

Answer 25

stacked bar graph or scatterplot

Question 26

what kind of graph if the relationship shows 3 or more variables?

Answer 26

contour graph