Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sex and Gender Midterm > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

To accommodate X in school, the teacher did
the following:

a. Had the children line up by height
b. Let X use either boy’s or girl’s bathroom
c. Allowed both boys and girls to play jump rope
d. Focused on gender neutral story books
e. None of the above

A

a. Had the children line up by height (no, lined up
alphabetically instead of boys’ and girls’ line)
b.Let X use either boy’s or girl’s bathroom (no, used
the principal’s bathroom)
c. Allowed both boys and girls to play jump rope
d.Focused on gender neutral story books (parents did,
not teacher)
e.None of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why did X have to undergo an extensive
psychiatric examination?

a. Peggy and Joe’s parents asked the Parents
Association to demand this
b. The other teachers asked the Principal
because X was disrupting other children
c. X’s parents felt it was necessary given all of
the bullying

A

a. Peggy and Joe’s parents asked the Parents
Association to demand this
b. The other teachers asked the Principal
because X was disrupting other children
c. X’s parents felt it was necessary given all of
the bullying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indifferent gonads usually develop into either
testes or ovaries. Testes develop around
________ in utero; ovaries develop around
___________ in utero.

a. 8 days; 8 days
b. 8 days; 12 days
c. 7 weeks; 8 weeks
d. 8 weeks; 12 weeks
e. 7 weeks; 12 weeks

A

d. 8 weeks; 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fausto-sterling refers to these figures as: Pink and Blue rooms for girls and boys

a. gender role b. gender fortification c. gender display
d. gender imagery e. gender beliefs

A

b. gender fortification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. Which of the following about humans is incorrect?

a. Chromosomal sex refers to the two X’s in females and
an XY in males
b. Fetal gonadal sex refers to either testes or ovaries
c. Fetal hormone sex refers to the hormone levels
produced by the differentiated gonads
d. Internal reproductive sex refers to the vas deferens,
prostate, and epididymis in males
e. Genital sex refers to the cervix, uterus, and vagina in
females

A

e. Genital sex (external)refers to the cervix, uterus, and
vagina in females –only the clitoris and lower 1/3 of
the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biological Exuberance focuses on

a. hetero, homo, and bi sexuality in animals
b. Transgender behavior in animals
c. All sexuality in animals
d. Homosexuality and transgender behavior in animals
e. Homosexuality in animals (including humans)

A

d. Homosexuality and transgender behavior in
animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

According to Bagemihl, the disadvantage of
studying sex in animals versus humans is

a. Not being able to ask animals what motivates their behavior or
what their behavior means
b. Not being able to determine the family tree of animals in nature
c. That It is unethical to observe sexual behavior in animals
d. That animals only have sex for reproductive purposes

A

a. Not being able to ask animals what motivates their behavior or
what their behavior means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When describing same-sex behavior in animals
Dr. Bagemihl chooses to use

a. Lesbian
b. Gay
c. Queer
d. Homosexual
e. Pair-bonding

A

d. Homosexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Christian was raised as a girl because

a. His biological sex at birth was female
b. His intersex body was surgically and hormonally altered to “fit” the
female norm
c. His parents did not want a male child

A

b. His intersex body was surgically and hormonally altered to “fit”
the female norm (Intersex was deemed “not normal” at the time
of Max’s birth—BIG SIGH!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Christian’s transition allowed him to

a. Regain his identity as a man
b. Redefining his orientation as homosexual
c. Redefine his identity as an intersex

A

c. redefine his identity as an intersex (and living
as a male)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. Kristie Overstreet’s credentials for presenting this Ted Talk:
    a. OB/Gynecologist
    b. Emergency Room Doctor
    c. Medical School Professor
    d. Therapist
    e. None of the above
A

d. Therapist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. One of the biggest myths about transgender people is
    a. They are mentally unstable
    b. They have a high propensity for HIV
    c. They all want to have the sex-reversal surgery
    d. ALL of the above are MYTHS.
A

d. All of the above are MYTHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. How do a paracrine and a hormone differ?
    a. A paracrine works in animals and a hormone works in humans
    b. A paracrine works on neighboring cells while hormones travel through the blood to target tissue
    c. Paracrines are small inorganic molecules while hormones are proteins or lipids
    d. Paracrines are mysterious while researchers know just about everything about hormones
A

b.A paracrine works on neighboring cells while hormones travel through the blood to target tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. An agonist
    a. Mimics the hormone and elicits a physiological response
    b. Mimics the hormone, binds to the receptor protein, but no physiological response occurs
    c. Degrades the hormone so a response does not occur
A

a. mimics the hormone and elicits a physiological response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. Individuals with Kallmann Syndrome are infertile because
    a. They cannot smell (anosmia)
    b. The neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus cannot produce GnRH
    c. The neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus never reach the hypothalamus
    d. The pituitary gland cells no longer have the receptor for GnRH, so they cannot produce LH and FSH
A

c.The neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus never reach the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Alice Dreger works on the anatomy of intersex individuals and
    a. Transgender individuals
    b. conjoined twins
    c. Transexual individuals
    d. She only works on intersex individuals.
A

b.conjoined twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. Alice Dreger merges anatomical commonality with part of our history. The founding fathers deemed “All men are created equal.” We have individual freedom to be who we wish to be. No royal blood or special genes hold one above the other. When interpreted literally, this means
    a. The US is ahead of other nations in allowing “other” to live.
    b. The constitution as written protects LGBTQI+, all women, all races, etc.
    c. Divisions of race, sex, class, etc. are constructed by man, not nature.à gradients with fuzzy, if any, lines
    d. Democracy may die with a focus narrowed only on individual rights, and should move toward caring for other to survive.
    e. All of the above.
A

a.All of the above. According to Dreger, but some would disagree.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. According to the Jones textbook, which of the following is NOT a primary sexual characteristic?
    a) ovary, fallopian tubes (oviducts), uterus
    b) Cervix
    c) Vagina
    d) Breasts
    e) fimbriae
A

d)Breasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. Which of the following hormones are not produced by the ovarian follicles?
    a. Estrogens
    b. Progestins
    c. Androgens
    d. All are produced by the follicles
A

d. All are produced by the follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  1. How are the ovaries connected to the fimbriae?
    a) They have gap junctions for communication.
    b) Ligaments hold the internal reproductive organs in place, but the ovaries are not attached to the oviducts.
    c) Ligaments bind the ovaries to the fimbriae.
    d) Blood vessels connect the ovaries to the oviduct
A

b)Ligaments hold the internal reproductive organs in place, but the ovaries are not attached to the oviducts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  1. Ovarian cancer occurs in 1 out of every 71 women while the risk of breast cancer at birth is 1 out of every 8 for women. Reproductive tissue cancers are more prevalent because of
    a. Regular ovarian tissue rupture and repair every 4 weeks
    b. Life-time exposure to estrogens and these tissues respond to estrogens
    c. Both “a” and “b” correlate with increased reproductive cancer risk
A

c.Both “a” and “b” correlate with increased reproductive cancer risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. Environmental estrogens feminizing our environment (and may be partially responsible for increase in breast cancer incidence) come from
    a. Pesticides
    b. Plastics
    c. Plants
    d. All of the above
A

d. All of the above (we keep banning and more keep getting developed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  1. One of the common uterine problems is prolapsed uterus where the uterus can slip through the vagina. What can young women do to prevent this from happening?
    a. Kegel exercises (voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor)
    b. Wear tight pants
    c. Avoid having children
A

a. kegel exercises (voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  1. Bipotential tissue can develop into two body plans depending on the hormonal and signaling molecules present during development. In females the ground tissue that becomes the labia majora become the _____________ in males.
    a. Penal shaft
    b. Scrotum
    c. Prostate glands
A

b. Scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  1. Bipotential tissue can develop into two body plans depending on the hormonal and signaling molecules present during development. In females the ground tissue that becomes the labia minor become the _____________ in males.
    a. Penal shaft
    b. Scrotum
    c. Prostate glands
A

a. Penal shaft (actually one layer called the corpus spongiosum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  1. What 3 organs produce the supporting fluid in semen that both nourishes the sperm and aids in sperm travel?
    a. Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, Sertoli cells
    b. Seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, prostate
    c. Ductus epididymis, prostate, bulbourethral gland
    d. Ductus epididymis, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland
    e. All of the above
A

b. Seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  1. Aromatase is prevalent in the seminiferous tubules (in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatocytes, spermatids) during sperm production and also in the epididymus. Androgen receptors are absent from the cells listed in the seminiferous tubules. One explanation could be
    a. Testosterone is the hormone responsible for sperm development.
    b. Aromatase is responsible for quickly removing the testosterone signal by converting it to estradiol.
    c. The pools of androgens in testes provide a store for quick release of estrogens to promote sperm development.
A

c.The pools of androgens in testes provide a store for quick release of estrogens to promote sperm development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
  1. Sperm development inside the seminiferous tubules is continuous. Which of the following is the correct order of cell differentiation?
    a. Sertoli cellàprimary spermatocyteàsecondary spermatocyteàspermatid (sperm)
    b. Leydig cellàprimary spermatocyteàsecondary spermatocyteàspermatid (sperm)
    c. Germ cellàprimary spermatocyteàsecondary spermatocyteàspermatid (sperm)
    d. SpermatogoniumàLeydig cellàSertoli cellàprimary spermatocyteàsecondary spermatocyteàspermatid
A

c.Germ cellàprimary spermatocyteàsecondary spermatocyteàspermatid (sperm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  1. The path of sperm travel consists of:
    a. epididymisàvas deferensàseminiferous tubulesàspongy urethra
    b. vas deferensà epididymisàseminiferous tubulesàspongy urethra
    c. epididymisà seminiferous tubulesà vas deferensàspongy urethra
    d. seminiferous tubules à epididymisàvas deferensàspongy urethra
A

d. seminiferous tubules -> epididymis -> vas deferens -> spongy urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  1. Prostate cancer is on the rise. Which of the following is most likely not a good explanation?
    a. prostate-specific antigen screening began in 1987 which caused a spike and then general increase
    b. Endocrine disruptors e.g. xenoestrogens are increasing in our environment
    c. Unhealthy diets higher in fat are on the rise
    d. All of the above are most likely contributing
A

d. All of the above are most likely contributing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
  1. The primordial germ cells originate in the yolk sac of the developing embryo and migrate to the genital ridge in the indifferent gonad. They later become
    a) Spermatogonia and oogonia
    b) Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and granulosa cells
    c) Both “a” and “b”
A

a)Spermatogonia and oogonia which become the sperm & eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
  1. If the indifferent gonads are removed from a male mouse and the mouse is given testosterone, both Wolffian and Mullerian duct systems develop. This can be explained by
    a) Testosterone causes both the Wolffian duct and the Mullerian duct to develop
    b) Testosterone causes the Mullerian duct to develop and the Wolffian duct is not inhibited from development
    c) Testosterone causes the Wolffian duct to develop and the Mullerian duct is not inhibited from development
    d) The Leydig cells are not present to produce Mullerian Inhibiting substance
A

c)Testosterone causes the Wolffian duct to develop and the Mullerian duct is not inhibited from development

33
Q
  1. Medical terms for intersex individuals are primary (true) and secondary (pseudo) hermaphrodites to distinguish the types of variances. The distinction refers to
    a) Primary have both types of gonadal tissue
    b) Secondary have both types of internal sex characteristics other than gonads
    c) Secondary have internal sex characteristics that do not match the chromosomal sex
    d) All of the above
A

d. All of the above

34
Q
  1. Hypospodias occurs in males when the urethral fold does not fuse. This is also seen guevodoces, but can be surgically corrected post-puberty to increase the ability to
    a) Fertilize a woman internally
    b) Urinate
    c) Have an erection
A

b) urinate
a) might happen, not always

35
Q
  1. Women with a double uterus that occurs from the lack of fusion between the paired mullerian ducts
    a) Are sterile
    b) Have a higher incidence of miscarriage
    c) Have double ovulation and a higher incidence of twins
A

b)Have a higher incidence of miscarriage (maybe—need more stats really)

36
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about sperm travel are false?
    a. An average of 182 x 106 sperm in a single ejaculate but only 20-200 reach the egg.
    b. Upon entering the vagina sperm coagulate and 20 minutes later liquefy.
    c. Dead sperm reach the oviduct indicating that sperm swimming is not that important in transport through the vagina, cervix, and uterus.
    d. Sperm contain many mitochondria to produce ATP for movement, etc. from the vast starch stores in the acrosome.
    e. In the oviduct cilia in the crevices beat toward the ovary helping sperm move, but toward the uterus on the ridges which help the ova move.
A

d.Sperm contain many mitochondria to produce ATP for movement, etc. from the vast starch stores in the acrosome. The female tissues provide the starches and sugar for sperm nourishment.

37
Q
  1. Scientists have discovered the a small number of sperm RNAs do survive in the fertilized egg and may be involved in embryo development. Some infertile males do not produce these RNAs. Evidence that refutes this is
    a. In vitro fertilization and implantation
    b. Cloning of mammals is successful & human parthenogenesis
    c. The success rate of mammalian cloning is very rare
A

b.Cloning of mammals is successful & human parthenogenesis

38
Q
  1. The cortical reaction occurs once fertilization takes place to prevent polyspermy (fertilization by multiple sperm). How does this work?
    a. Sperm proteins ZP2 and ZP3 are destroyed by enzymes released from the cortical granules
    b. The zona pellucida ZP2 and ZP3 receptors are altered by the enzymes released from the cortical granules
A

b.The zona pellucida ZP2 and ZP3 receptors are altered by the enzymes released from the cortical granules

Note: The egg is very active in sending signals, altering it’s conformation, moving vesicles in response to a calcium wave and yet gets 1 ½ pages of text. The sperm and its travels gets 6 ½ pages. It’s a “sperm’s world.”

39
Q
  1. Couples can easily pre-select the sex of the baby they wish to have (if they have the $) by two methods:
    a. Microsort and IVF (in vitro fertilization)
    b. Pregenetic Diagnosis and IVF
    c. Timing of intercourse relative to ovulation
    d. “a” and “b”
    e. All of the above
A

d.“a” and “b”

40
Q
  1. Which of the following is the proper order of human development post-fertilization?
    a. fetus, embryo, blastula, morula, zygote
    b. Zygote, blastula, morula, embryo, fetus
    c. Morula, blastula, zygote, embryo, fetus
    d. Zygote, morula, blastula, embryo, fetus
A

d.Zygote, morula, blastula, embryo, fetus

41
Q
  1. Sharing of cells between mother and fetus has resulted in
    a. At least 25 % of us carrying our mother’s cells within us
    b. Possible autoimmune diseases (lots of correlations)
    c. One woman’s thyroid gland and another woman’s liver made up entirely of male (XY) tissue even though the women were XX
    d. All of the above
A

d. All of the above

42
Q
  1. Evolution has resulted in two of the four membrane systems left over from external egg development being rather useless in pregnancy. Which two have a very small role, if any?
    a. Amnion and chorion
    b. Amnion and allantois
    c. Chorion and allantois
    d. Yolk sac and chorion
    e. Yolk sac and allantois
A

e. Yolk sac and allantois

43
Q
  1. The fetal blood flow prior to birth is special because he/she/they is getting oxygen/nutrients from the mother’s blood rather than the lungs. How does this work?
    a. The veins carry oxygenated blood and the arteries carry de-oxygenated blood
    b. Special veins and arteries are used and degenerate after birth
    c. The mothers heart pump the circulatory system for both the fetus and herself (fetal heart does not affect the circulation)
A

a.The veins carry oxygenated blood and the arteries carry de-oxygenated blood

44
Q
  1. Which of the following can safely be taken or used during pregnancy?
    a. Cigarettes or vaping pens
    b. Alcohol
    c. Synthetic estrogens
    d. Aspirin, ibuprofen, indomethacin
    e. All may cause harm to a developing fetus
A

e. All may cause harm to a developing fetus

45
Q
  1. Morning sickness is a blessing (although it feels like a curse) because
    a. It most likely evolved to prevent the mother from eating bitter foods, e.g. certain plant foods, that could be harmful
    b. It reduces high blood sugar in the mother
    c. It keeps excess weight off even though the developing fetus would benefit from that weight
    d. It increases spousal support
A

a.It most likely evolved to prevent the mother from eating bitter foods, e.g. certain plant foods, that could be harmful

46
Q
  1. Which of the following would not be found in some of the Native American two-spirits that Dr. Roughgarden describes?

A)transgender

B)Same-sex sexual orientation

C)heterosexual

D)Surgical alteration of genitals

E)All would be found

A

D)Surgical alteration of genitals

47
Q
  1. What are differences between the Native American two-spirits and the Indian hijras?
    a. The hijras are admired by their society at large while the two-spirits are not.
    b. Surgery is not acceptable by the two-spirits while is required to be a full hijra.
    c. The hijras have a coming out ceremony while the two-spirits do not.
    d. The two-spirit is a religious commitment while the hijra is not.
A

b.Surgery is not acceptable by the two-spirits while is required to be a full hijra.

48
Q
  1. The European invasion of the Americas was justified by claiming the high moral ground and “domesticating” cultures that allowed “irrational” behavior. Two-spirit individuals were
    a. Burned alive
    b. Fed to packs of dogs to be eaten alive
    c. Both of the above
A

c. Both of the above

49
Q
  1. The cultures of the Vestidas of Mexico and the Tombois of Indonesia view them as
    a. Trans female and male, respectively
    b. Trans male and female, respectively
    c. Both trans females
    d. Both trans males
    e. Generally respected by their own societies
A

a.Trans female and male, respectively

50
Q
  1. Guevedoche is a legitimate, non-marginalized sexual category that no longer exists because
    a. The mutation was eradicated from the small island populations
    b. The newborns are now categorized as female and may later change sex
    c. Technology to determine the chromosomal sex is used at birth, and the babies are raised as males
    d. Operations are performed at birth to move the genitals toward a clear sex of either male or female
A

c.Technology to determine the chromosomal sex is used at birth, and the babies are raised as males (once again, erasing the intersex individuals from existence)

51
Q
  1. The mahu of Polynesia and the two-spirit of Native American culture are similar in that
    a. Both are revered and hold positions of power in their culture
    b. Both encompass a group of individuals with a wide range of gender variation that does not necessarily match traditional sexual orientation (natural rainbows)
    c. Both are kept from assimilating into society as they are
A

c.Both encompass a group of individuals with a wide range of gender variation that does not necessarily match traditional sexual orientation (natural rainbows)

52
Q
  1. Primary sex determination mechanisms vary across different species e.g. temperature determines which sex develops in many reptiles. The cleaner wrasse reef fish sex are somewhat unique because
    a) Males are ZZ and females are ZW
    b) Their mitochondrial genome determines sex
    c) They do not have Barr bodies.
    d) Females change to males if the dominant male is removed
    e) They are all intersexuals
A

d)Females change to males if the dominant male is removed. Social interaction determines sex.

53
Q

2) The 1:1 ratio of male:female birth rate in mammals is altered in rodent studies by
a) diet
b) dominance
c) stress
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

In general, if threatened, have more female offspring.

54
Q

3) Certain XX rodents develop testes and become males without SRY which changes the way we think about “females being the ground state or default sex.” What genes are defective in these XX males?
a) Sox 9 (Sry-related HMG box)
b) Rspo 1 (R-spondin 1)
c) Fox L2 (Forkhead box protein L2) and Wnt 4 (Wingless type integration type family)
d) “a” and “c”
e) “b” and “c”

A

e)“b” and “c”

55
Q

4) Which of the following statements is correct according to Fausto-Sterling?
a. Primary sex determination refers to the differentiation of internal male and female organs (the gonads and tubing)
b. Primary sex determination refers to the differentiation of external male and female genitalia
c. Primary sex determination refers only to the differentiation of gonadal tissue

A

c.Primary sex determination refers only to the differentiation of gonadal tissue

56
Q
  1. Fausto-Sterling describes internal secondary sexual differentiation from paramesonephric ducts (Mullerian ducts) or from mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts). Which statement is true?
    a. Ovaries secrete one hormone that inhibits Wolffian duct development.
    b. Ovaries secrete two hormones—one that encourages Mullerian duct development and one that inhibits Wolffian duct development.
    c. Testes secrete one hormone that inhibits Mullerian duct development.
    d. Testes secrete two hormones–one that inhibits Mullerian duct development and one that encourages Wolffian duct development.
A

d.Testes secrete two hormones–one that inhibits Mullerian duct development and one that encourages Wolffian duct development.

57
Q
  1. Which pair below did not develop from the same bipotential ground tissue?
    a. Glans penis–clitoris
    b. Scrotum—labium majus (outer lips of vagina)
    c. Penis shaft—labium minor (inner lips of vagina)
    d. Testes—ovary
    e. Oviduct–epididymis
A

e.Oviduct–epididymis

58
Q
  1. Hari Nef discusses freeing the femme, which is allowing women (including trans women) to exist as
    a. Women with hair, make-up, and nail polish that is the “idealized” look
    b. Feminists
    c. Women that shun the idealized look and live with the natural look (no make-up)
    d. All of the above
A

d.All of the above (rejecting feminists that look down on women that want to be femme)

59
Q
  1. What was the first institution to recognize the need for and perform the first trans surgeries
    a. Mayo Clinic
    b. UCSF
    c. Harvard
    d. John Hopkins
A

d.John Hopkins

60
Q
  1. Hari Nef describes some trans women as needing the “femme” in order to
    a. Feel normal
    b. Fit in with men
    c. Hide their trans-ness
    d. All of the above
A

d. All of the above

61
Q
  1. A tragedy that results from transwomen not being “femme” enough [in Hari Nef’s words]
    a. They are slaughtered by men
    b. They have a hard time fitting in with women.
    c. They have a hard time fitting in with men.
A

a.They are slaughtered by men

62
Q
  1. The brain sex meme in our culture has led some to conjecture that imprinting (when paternal or maternal alleles of imprinted genes are preferentially turned off) can result in male and female brain differences. Fausto-Sterling critiques this argument because
    a. There is no scientific evidence for imprinted genes behaving differently in female or male offspring
    b. Some genes are paternally expressed while others are maternally expressed
    c. Imprinted genes in the mouse have a unique pattern. Maternal genes are predominantly expressed in the embryo brain while paternal genes are predominantly expressed in the adult brain.
    d. Recent findings suggest there are well over 1,000 genes that demonstrate imprinting in the mouse.
A

a.There is no scientific evidence for imprinted genes behaving differently in female or male offspring

some other answers are real but don’t explain

63
Q
  1. Male and female canary brains do differ and hormone treatments can alter a female brain to become more male-like. Males sing and females do not; males have more neurons, larger neurons, and more connections than females in this part of the brain. Can we use this as evidence that male and female brains are different from different levels of hormones?
    a. yes, this supports males and females having different abilities due to hormonal action on their brain tissue during development
    b. No, African forest weaver male and female birds sing identical songs, but the area of the brain for song control is not identical. It differs just as that in canaries.
A

b.No, African forest weaver male and female birds sing identical songs, but the area of the brain for song control is not identical. It differs just as that in canaries. Instead genes involved are expressed at different levels to compensate.

64
Q
  1. What did Juraska learn about rat brain sex for those raised in IC (isolated condition) versus EC (environmentally complex) habitats?
    a. Females had more neuronal connections than males raised in IC and EC
    b. Males had more neuronal connections than females raised in IC and EC
    c. Males had more connections in IC and females had more connections in EC
A

c.Males had more connections in IC and females had more connections in EC. In other words, the environment played a huge role in sex differences. duh!

65
Q
  1. CAH patients along with their siblings for controls, were surveyed to determine if androgen exposure had an effect on “brain sex.” The results showed that CAH females were different from their non CAH sisters in
    a. Toy choice (trucks versus dolls)
    b. Playmate choice (males versus females)
    c. Degree of rough and tumble play
    d. All of the above
A

a.Toy choice (trucks versus dolls)

So, may not influence gender identity (because only 1 of several items differed that were tested), but maybe something like mechanical or manual dexterity. Hmm.

66
Q
  1. Psychologists studied CAH women and XY females with cloacal exstrophy to determine if gender identity was a result of “brain sex” from early hormonal treatment. They found
    a. There is some influence on gender identity, but not 100 %.
    b. After a certain level of hormone exposure, CAH women identify as male.
    c. Most of the cloacal exstrophy patients identified as males and chose a sexual orientation toward females even though they lived as women.
A

C.Most of the cloacal exstrophy patients identified as males and chose a sexual orientation toward females even though they lived as women.

67
Q
  1. We have learned that one aspect of gender identity (toy choice) may result from hormonal influence (maybe on the brain), and that other self-reported aspects of gender identity in CAH and cloacal exstrophy have hormonal influence. Sibling effect studies indicate that environment has a large role in determining
    a. Gender identity
    b. Sexual orientation
    c. Gender roles
    d. Sexual preference
A

a.Gender roles

68
Q
  1. Dr. Patricia Donahoe, professor of surgery at Harvard Medical School, has developed a rapid procedure for choosing an ambiguous newborn’s gender assignment. This procedure involves:

A.A stepwise decision tree that uses the symmetry of gonads and the presence or absence of a 2nd X chromosome

B.A direct assessment of the newborn’s hormone levels only

C.The instinctive decision of the parents

D.The decision is based only on the child’s chromosome composition (XX or XY)

A

A.A stepwise decision tree that uses the symmetry of gonads and the presence or absence of a 2nd X chromosome

69
Q
  1. What is the most frequently occurring type of non-dimorphic sexual development?

A.True Hermaphrodites

B.Turner Syndrome

C.Late-onset CAH

D.Vaginal agenesis

A

C.Late-onset CAH

70
Q
  1. From the reading, who believed that environment has the strongest influence on gender identity?

A.Milton Diamond

B.Johnny Cash

C.Neil Diamond

D.John Money

E.Peter Pan

A

D.John Money

71
Q
  1. Since the 1950’s, intersex individuals have always been assigned to be female if
    a. They can reproduce as females and are XX
    b. They have ovaries
    c. They are XY, but their penis is not quite 2.5 cm
    d. They have internal female reproductive organs, but external male reproductive organs, and are XY
    e. None of the above
A

a.They can reproduce as females and are XX

72
Q
  1. Since the 1950’s intersex individuals have been assigned to be male if
    a. They can reproduce as males and are XY
    b. They have testes
    c. Their penis is greater than 2.5 cm
    d. They have internal female reproductive organs, but external male reproductive organs, and are XX
    e. None of the above
A

a.Their penis is greater than 2.5 cm

Organ size for males, but reproductive function for females.

73
Q
  1. Historical models that explain sexual orientation were constructed by both Halparin and Boswell. Halparin’s model was based on
    a. Biological basis for orientation
    b. Cultural basis for orientation
    c. Both biological and cultural basis for orientation
A

a.Cultural basis for orientation (so an individual could change depending on which culture he/she/they were in)

74
Q
  1. The Yoruba culture did not have male and female pronouns, but seemed to mainly base their social organization on
    a) wealth
    b) Birthright
    c) Sex
    d) Seniority
    e) None of the above
A

d) Seniority—elders ruled

75
Q
  1. The drawings from 1660 to 1670 of men in heals, wigs of long hair, hats with brightly colored feathers, bibs, and lace-endowed clothing, tells us
    a. Feminine men were accepted
    b. Masculinity had not been defined
    c. Cultural definitions of masculinity change
A

c.Cultural definitions of masculinity change (yep, created and imposed, hmm)

76
Q
  1. In the 1994 Laumann’s published work measuring orientation by desire, identity, and practice indicated
    a. Fluidity in orientation (very little consistency)
    b. Solid definitions for same-sex orientation
    c. Both of the above
A

a.Fluidity in orientation (very little consistency)

Hard to define. Table on p. 88 shows how many different ways different investigators define same-sex orientation. So, comparing studies is hard.

77
Q
  1. The average SAT math score difference between males and females has diminished. The birth weight difference between males and female births in Canada has diminished. The disappearance of differences between males and females could mean
    a. The norms of reaction are now similar for both sexes.
    b. The healthier environment in Canada allowed both sexes to thrive.
    c. Environmental estrogens & other chemicals are reducing any biological differences.
    d. All of the above.
A

d.All of the above.

78
Q
A

Sex and Gender Midterm (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions