Midterm

Question 1

Emphasizes duty and absolute, universal rules sometimes regardless of consequences

Ex: wrong to lie even to save a life because lying is unethical

Answer 1

Deontological theries

Question 2

What satisfies peoples needs and values

Answer 2

Utility

Question 3

Emphasizes increasing what satisfies peoples needs and values. Can be difficult to determine if an act increases utility or not

Ex: Selling new medicine that may cause negative side effects in some people, but helps the majority of people.

Answer 3

Utiliarianism

Question 4

People can act freely based on their own judgment without coercive/ deceptive interference by others. Emphasizes respecting a set of fundamental rights of others

Ex: Farmers grow crops that are protected by a right to property. Without this right, anyone could take the crops if they’re not actively protected.

Answer 4

Natural rights

Question 5

The right to act without interference. Only obligation to others is not to prevent you from acting

Ex:
Right to life - no one may kill you

Freedom of speech - government can’t interfere with/jail/kill you for what you say.

Answer 5

Negative rights

Question 6

An obligation of some people to provide certain things for others.

Ex:
Right to life - no one may kill you

Freedom of speech - government can’t interfere with/jail/kill you for what you say.

Answer 6

Positive rights

Question 7

Key aspects of privacy

Answer 7

Freedom from intrusion (being left alone)

Control of information about oneself

Freedom from surveillance (being tracked, followed, watched )

Question 8

any information relating to an individual person:

users being aware of what information is collected and how it is used:

collection of personal information about someone without the person’s knowledge:

use of personal information for a purpose other than the one it was provided for:

Answer 8

Personal information
Informed consent
Invisible information gathering
Secondary use

Question 9

Files a website stores on a visitor’s computer:

searching and analyzing masses of data to find patterns and develop new information or knowledge:

combining and comparing information from different databases (using social security number , for example ) to match records:

Answer 9

Cookies
Data mining
Computer matching

Question 10

analyzing data in computer files to determine characteristics of people most likely to engage in certain behavior:

identifying an individual from a set of anonymous data:

Answer 10

Computer profiling

Re-identification

Question 11

Person must request (usually by checking a box) that an organization not use information:

The collector of the information may use information only if person explicitly permits use ( usually by checking a box):

Answer 11

opt out

opt in

Question 12

What amendment sets limits on government’s rights to search our homes and businesses and seize documents and other personal effects . Requires government provide probable cause.

Answer 12

The fourth amendment

Question 13

computer or communication services that know exactly where a person is at a particular time:

Answer 13

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

Question 14

passed in 2005, requires that in order to get a federally approved driver’s license or ID card, each person must provide documentation of address, birth date, Social Security number, and legal status in the U.S:

Answer 14

The REAL ID Act

Question 15

Depicts a sexual act against state law

Depicts these acts in a patently offensive manner that appeals to prurient interest as judged by a reasonable person using community standards

Lacks literary, artistic, social, political or scientific value

Answer 15

Obscenity

Question 16

Attempted to avoid conflict with First Amendment by focusing on children

Made it a crime to make available to anyone under 18 any obscene or indecent communication

Answer 16

Communication Decency Act of 1996(CDA)

Question 17

More limited than CDA

Federal crime for commercial Web sites to make available to minors material “harmful to minors” as judged by community standards

Answer 17

Child online protection act if 1998(COPA)

Question 18

Requires schools and libraries that participate in certain federal programs to install filtering software

Answer 18

Childrens internet protection act of 2000(CIPA)

Question 19

Blocks sites with specific words, phrases or images

Parental control for sex and violence

Updated frequently but may still screen out too much or too little

Not possible to eliminate all errors

Answer 19

Filters

Question 20

Refers to a variety of proposals for restrictions on how telephone and cable companies interact with their broadband customers and set fees for services .

Answer 20

Net neutrality

Question 21

Argue for equal treatment of all customers:

Flexibility and market incentives will benefit customers:

Answer 21

Net Neutrality

Market

Question 22

Gives copyright holder to:

To make copies

To produce derivative works, such as translations into other languages or movies based on books

To distribute copies

To perform the work in public

To display the work in public

Answer 22

U.S copyright law (title 17 of U.S. code)

Question 23

made it a felony to willfully infringe copyright by reproducing or distributing one or more copies of copyrighted work with a total value of more than $1,000 within a six -month period:

prohibits making , distributing, or using tools to circumvent technological copyright protection systems and included protection from some copyright lawsuits for Web sites where users post material:

Answer 23

No Electronic Theft Act

Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

Question 24

Prohibit circumventing technological access controls and copy-prevention systems:

Protect Web sites from lawsuits for copyright infringement by users of site:

Answer 24

Anti-circumvention

Safe harbor

Question 25

protect inventions by giving the inventor a monopoly for a specified time period.

Answer 25

Patents

Question 26

phenomenon where a company pays another company for services instead of performing those tasks itself:

the practice of moving business processes or services to another country, especially overseas, to reduce costs:

when another company employs thousands of people in the U.S. (e.g. offshoring for a German company means inshoring for U.S.):

Answer 26

Outsourcing

Offshoring

Inshoring

Question 27

prohibits interception of email and reading stored email without a court order, but makes an exception for business systems:

Answer 27

Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)