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World Religion > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Ashkenazi

A

Descendants of Jews who, until around 1900, lived anywhere from Northern Europe to Eastern Europe

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2
Q

Sephardi

A

Descendants of Jews who lived in Spain up until 15th century

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3
Q

Yiddish

A

Mixture of Hebrew, German, and Slavic languages

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4
Q

Ha-shem

A

Term for God, literally means “the name”

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5
Q

YVHV

A

Writing of God to show reverence/avoid writing name

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6
Q

Torah

A

Most important portion of the Tanakh, first 5 books (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), outlines beliefs, practices, and ethics

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7
Q

The Akeda Story

A

Isaac is going to be sacrificed but is replaced with animal, God ends child sacrifice

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8
Q

The Exodus

A

The story of Jews leaving Egypt led by Moses, release from slavery, wandering desert

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9
Q

Passover

A

Jewish holiday lasting 7 days, celebrating Hebrew journey from slavery to freedom

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10
Q

S’micha

A

Ordination within Judaism of a rabbi

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11
Q

Canaan

A

Another world for Israel, where Jews settle after Exodus

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12
Q

Seder

A

Ritual Passover meal taking place on the first night or two nights of Passover

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13
Q

Haggadah

A

text recited on 1st 2 nights of Passover, Exodus story is told

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14
Q

Kosher

A

“What you may eat”, allowed foods within traditional Jewish diet

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15
Q

Maccabees

A

Jewish warriors who pushed Greeks from second temple

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16
Q

The Mishnah

A

Oral laws written down about 200 BCE giving six basic orders

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17
Q

Chanukah

A

A holiday commemorating the oil in candles lasting 8 days in the second temple and Jews return to the second temple

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18
Q

Messiah

A

A person chose to by God who is supposed to herald an age of peace compassion, and love

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19
Q

Talmud

A

A document recording Jewish rabbis and scholars explanations for the Mishnah

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20
Q

Talmud

A

A document recording Jewish rabbis and scholars explanations for the Mishna

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21
Q

Mitzvot

A

613 commandments/religious acts to improve life and get closer to God and the Jewish community

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22
Q

The Ten Commandments (Judaism)

A

Part of the Mitzvot, given to Moses by God on Mt. Sinai

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23
Q

Shabbat

A

The Jewish Sabbath, a day off to study, reflect, sing, and be with family and the community

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24
Q

Melakhah

A

Hebrew word meaning labor

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25
Q

Challah

A

Traditional bread eaten during certain holidays

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26
Q

Orthodox Judaism beliefs

A

Torah is the word of God to Moses and therefore immutable, ritual and practice are unchanging

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27
Q

Modern Orthodox Judaism

A

Holds they same beliefs as Orthodox Jews (direct, immutable word of God) but slightly more flexible

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28
Q

Conservative Judaism

A

Believe religious laws is binding but interpreted by Rabbis, rituals and practices and always developing

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29
Q

Reform Judaism

A

Believe Torah is inspired by God, Jewish laws is no longer binding except for ethics, rituals, and practices

30
Q

Jewish Mysticism

A

Beloved there is no separation between a person and God and that actions affect God

31
Q

Kabbalism

A

Form of Jewish Mysticism

32
Q

Sh’ma/Shema

A

Affirmations of Jewish faith, last words to be said before dying

33
Q

The Chosen People

A

Term for Jews, expresses the idea that God chose Jews as his special people

34
Q

Trayf

A

“What you may not eat”, not Kosher

35
Q

Bar/bat Mitzvah

A

“Son/daughter of the commandment”, Jewish tradition that commemorates transition to adulthood

36
Q

Shivah

A

Week long lamentation following a person’s death

36
Q

Yetzer ha-ra

A

Bad inclinations

37
Q

Yetzer ha-tov

A

Good inclinations

38
Q

Olam Ha-Ba

A

Expectation of Messianic age of peace and justice

39
Q

Abram/Abraham

A

1800 BCE, treks with wife Sarai to Canan, God deems him father of many nations

40
Q

Jacob

A

Father of the 12 sons of Israel, married to Rachel and Leah, two concubines

41
Q

Isaac

A

Abraham and Sarah’s son, child in the Akeda story, father of Esau and Jacob

42
Q

Joseph

A

Jacob’s firstborn son with Rachel, becomes second in command in Egypt, “many names

43
Q

Joseph

A

Jacob’s firstborn son with Rachel, becomes second in command in Egypt, “many names”

44
Q

Moses

A

Hebrew prince of Egypt, is told by God to free Hebrews, leads Exodus after plagues

45
Q

David

A

Duels Goliath to fend off Phillistine intruders in Canaan, becomes king and settles Israelites in Jerusalem

46
Q

Solomon

A

Builds the first temple, establish Jerusalem as central location for worship of God

47
Q

Diaspora

A

Israel splits, Assyrians overthrow northern kingdom, south pays tribute

48
Q

Yijing/ I Ching

A

Ancient book written in 3rd century BCE, assists people in planning lives in accordance with the universe, predates Taoism + Confucianism

49
Q

Shang Di

A

Ancient Chinese deity, the greatest ancestry, controlled victory in battle, harvest, fate of the capital, and weather

50
Q

Jade Emperor

A

One of the most important gods in the Chinese Taoist pantheon, ruler of heaven

51
Q

Tsao Shen/ Zaoshen

A

Taoist god of prosperity and domestic affairs of the family

52
Q

Three Treasures

A

Mercy, frugality, and humility (never to take lead over the whole world)

53
Q

Daoshi

A

Taoist priest/monk

54
Q

Chai

A

Taoist process of purification of mind, body, and ceremonial grounds

55
Q

Chiao

A

Ceremony, when an emperor made offerings to the spirits of the sky and earth, harvest ceremonies in traditional Chinese religion

56
Q

Confucianism

A

system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius, ancestor worship, refer for parents, harmony in thought and conduct, competing Chinese philosophy to Taoism

57
Q

Fu/pu

A

Invariable law of nature that everything returns to a balanced state, everything is from Tao and will return to Tao

58
Q

T’ai-Shang Lao-chun

A

Supreme master of the Tao, considered and incarnation of the Tao to make the Tao manifest in heaven

59
Q

The Three Purities/ The Three Pure Ones

A

Highest deities in Taoist pantheon, universal/heavenly chi, human plane chi, and earth chi AKA the Celestial Worthy of Primordial Beginning, the Celestial Worthy of Numinous Treasure, and the Celestial Worthy of the Way and its Power

60
Q

Tao/Dao

A

The way, human’s original nature, present in all human experiences, manifests to those who reflect and observe, must live in harmony with Tao for good life

61
Q

Tao Te Ching

A

Credited to Laozi, religious book of Taoists

62
Q

Lao Tzu/ Laozi

A

probably wrote Tao Te Ching, believed to be lower government worker disillusioned with political intrigue

63
Q

Yin

A

Seeks harmony with Yang, feminine, earth, dark, passive

64
Q

Yang

A

Seeks harmony with yin, masculine, heaven, bright, active

65
Q

Wu Wei

A

Teaching of Lao Tzu, accomplishing tasks without assertion, conscious inaction

66
Q

Ch’i

A

Life force, internal energy, replenished by mist, absorbed from nature, circulated by meditation and physical exercises

67
Q

Chuang Tzu/ Zhuangzi

A

369-286 BCE, expanded teachings of Tao Te Ching, nature above culture, Tao as neutral force, sage no longer ruling country

68
Q

Tai Chi

A

Formed by daoshi combining Taoist martial forms and breathing exercises

69
Q

Taixi

A

The art of embryonic breathing, holding breath in contemplation, experience light of divinity in internal organs, inward visions

70
Q

The Five Elements (Taoism)

A

Wood, fire, earth, metal, water

71
Q

Ten Thousand Things (Taoism)

A

An infinite number of things, infinity

World Religion (2 decks)

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