Midterm Flashcards
Marketing (American Marketing Association definition)
Activity, set of instructions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners and society at large
Purposes of marketing
identifies core competencies
cultivates relationships with customers by creating value that meets their specific needs
collects feedback form the market, learns from that feedback and improves the value offered to the public based on it
Crowdsourcing
practice of obtaining services or ideas by asking for assistance from a large group of people, generally online communities
Marketing Concept
Business philosophy that holds that the key to achieving organizational goals consists of the company being more effective than competitors in creating, delivering and communicating customer value to its chosen target markets
Puts consumer first
Marketing Research
process of designing, gathering, analyzing and reposting info that may be used to solve a specific marketing problem
Marketing Research (AMA)
function that links the consumer, customer, and public to the marketer through info - used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems, generate , refine and evaluate marketing actions, monitor marketing performance and improve the understanding of marketing as a process
Market research
Any organized effort to gather info about markets or customers
Function of marketing research
to link the consumer to the marketer by providing info that cam be used in making marketing decisions
Uses of marketing research
- Identifying market opportunities and problems
- generating, refining and evaluating potential market actions,
- monitoring marketing performance
Potential marketing actions
Strategies, campaigns, programs or tactics
Basic research
“research on research”
research used to establish best practices in research
Applied research
research conducted to solve specific problems
Marketing information system (MIS)
structure consisting of people, equipment and procedures designed to gather sort analyze evaluate and distribute needed timely and accurate info to marketing decision makers
Role of MIS
Determine decision makers info need, acquire the needed info and distribute that info to the decision makers in a form and at the time when they can best use it
Components of an MIS
Internal reports system
Marketing intelligence
Marketing decision support
Marketing research
Internal reports system
gather info generated within a firm including orders, billing, receivables, inventory levels, stock-outs… etc
Marketing intelligence system
Set of procedures an sources used by managers to obtain everyday info about pertinent developments in the environment
focuses on bringing in info generated outside the firm
marketing decisions support system (DSS)
collected data that may be accessed and analyzed using tools and techniques that assist managers in decision making
How are Marketing research and an MIS different
Marketing research system gather info not gathered by other MIS component subsystems (conducted for a specific situation facing the company)
Also, not continuous, has a beginning and an end, other components are available for use on an ongoing basis
First continuous and organized research conducted in … by … to …
1911, Charles Coolidge Parlin, gather information and markets by the Curtis Publishing company
Who revolutionized the marketing research industry in the 1950’s? Why did this allow the industry to extend so rapidly?
Computers, automation of data management and analysis for larger firms
Who first introduced focus groups? What type of research are they considered to be?
Robert Merton, qualitative marketing research
Difference between client-side and supply side research
What other terms are used to refer to companies that are involved in supply-side research?
Supply-side research is conducted by an outside firm to fulfill a company’s marketing research needs (client-side research is conducted within an organization)
referred to as an agency or simply a supplier
Advantages and disadvantages of DIY research
(firm conducting their own marketing research)
Adv: Cost effective, can provide info needed to solve users problem, tools developed for firms to conduct their own marketing research
Dis: business owners and managers typically do not have the time or expertise to feel confident about using DIY for important issues
Top 3 firms in marketing research based on revenue? What is their revenue?
Nielsen Holdings $6.31 Billion
Kantar $3.38 Billion
IQVIA $3.30 Billion
What are full-service firms? What types of services do they provide?
Full-service firms have capability to conduct the entire marketing research project for buyer firms.
- define the problem
- specify research design
- collect and analyze the data
- prepare the final written report
List and describe 2 types of marketing research services. What firms offer those services?
Syndicated data services - Analyze trends and consumer behavior within an industry and sell to many companies (Nielsen)
Packaged services - use proprietary process to conduct a service such as test marketing or measuring satisfaction (GfK)
Explain the meaning of: “Marketing research industry thrives off derived demand”
derived demand: demand for a good/service that results from demand of another good/service
client firms develop new products/ expand into new markets, need info to guide their decisions - info provided by marketing research
Fastest-growing region for marketing research? What 5 markets are currently the largest?
Africa
US, UK, Germany, France, Japan
3 challenges facing marketing research industry
Need to incorporate innovative and evolving sources of data and methods
Need to effectively communicate insights
Need to hire talented and skilled employees
National Do Not Call registry? What type of communication is exempt from it?
Allows US residents to register their telephone numbers to be protected from receiving unsolicited telemarketing calls
calling US residents to conduct surveys is exempt
Sugging and example
Selling under the guise of research - telemarketers using an opinion survery as a lead-in for a sales pitch
Frugging, example
fund raising under the guise of research, Survey sent to Americans asking them to return survey with donation to political party
3 important marketing research codes and explain what purpose they are intended to serve
be honest, transparent and straight-forward in all interactions
Respect the rights and well-bring of data subjects and make all reasonable efforts to ensure that data subjects are not harmed, disadvantages or harassed as a result of their participation in research
Distinguish between research and non-research activities so as to maintain public confidence in the integrity of research
What is PRC, and what is it designed to do?
Professional researcher certification, designed to recognize the qualifications and expertise of marketing and opinion research professionals
Steps in Marketing Research Process?
- Establish need for marketing research
- define the problem
- establish research objectives
- determine research design
- Identify info types and sources
- determine methods of accessing data
- design data collection forms
- determine the sample plan and size
- collect data
- analyze data
- communicate the insights
Are all steps in marketing research process always followed in order?
Why or why not? (example of situation in which a step might be skipped)
No, sometimes review of secondary research alone may achieve research objectives, sometimes after gathering data may be determined that research objectives should be changed
Name and give an example of three situations where marketing research in not the best solution
- Info is already available (provided by other components of MIS)
- timing is wrong (product near end of life cycle)
- costs outweigh the value (research may not result in much of an impact when done in small component of sales)
What is meant by problem? Explain two sources of marketing problems
situations that call for managers to make choices among various alternatives
Select new products, choose among advertising copy alternatives, determine price of their products of services
Why is defining the problem the most important step in the marketing research process? What negative outcomes could results from not properly defining the problem?
If problem is defined incorrectly, rest of the steps in research process will be fundamentally flawed
What is a key performance indicator? Give 5 examples of KPIs
Measures that provide scores of how well a company is performing relative to its objectives
As recall, Unique visitors, Likes, Market share, revenue, returns, review scores,
Define a marketing opportunity. Give an example of a company taking advantage of an opportunity.
potentially favorable circumstance in which a company can perform successfully
Google - uses the opportunity to communicate with millions to promote certain searches
What is the role of symptoms in problem recognition?
Observable sign that indicates that a problem exists
How does the role of researcher change with the extent to which a manager has defined a problem? How can a researcher add value to a manager’s decision?
Researcher has an obligation to be sure the problem is defined correctly.
supplying a fresh view, unhindered by biases of recent events, trends or influences. Use experience and knowledge to advice managers on how to approach the problem
Provide examples of decision alternatives. How might these alternatives affect the the outcome of the research?
Price changes, Product modification or improvement, new promotional campaigns, adjustments in channels of distribution
research on each alternative will help determine which is the best choice
What is the role of a hypothesis in defining the problem?
to guide the process of developing research objectives, test validity of hypothesis and compare to evidence
“statement thought to be true for the purposes of a marketing research investigation”