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midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

accession number

A

the number is always the year first, the [insert number] object received that year

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2
Q

provenance

A

the history of the object before it to the museum

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3
Q

discourse

A

written or spoken communication or debate

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4
Q

pre-history

A

the period before written history

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5
Q

paleolithic

A

the early phase of the Stone Age

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6
Q

Neolithic

A

the later part of the Stone Age

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7
Q

BCE

A

before common era

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8
Q

BC

A

before christ

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9
Q

AD

A

anno domini, which is latin for ‘in the year of our Lord’

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10
Q

Mesopotamia

A

the cradle of civilization; the “center of culture”; a historic region in Western Asia that is now part of Syria, part of Turkey, and most of Iraq

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11
Q

vernacular

A

that becomes the accepted representation of a place

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12
Q

stylized

A

depicted or treated in a mannered and nonrealistic style

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13
Q

mannered

A

marked by idiosyncratic mannerisms; artificial; stilted

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14
Q

megalithic

A

relating to or denoting prehistoric monuments made of or containing large stones [ex stonehenge]

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15
Q

monolithic

A

formed of a single large block of stone; large, powerful

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16
Q

colonnade

A

series of columns

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17
Q

allegorical

A

(storytelling) carvings and decorative details

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18
Q

acropolis

A

city is above; high city

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19
Q

high inspiration for Western culture government and architecture

A

Athens

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20
Q

ancient greek architecture

A
  • focus of symmetry and balance
  • formal characteristics in structure and decor
  • parthenon was build of the doric order
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21
Q

doric columns

A

simplest type of column

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22
Q

volutes

A

are in ionic columns

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23
Q

ionic columns

A

round columns

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24
Q

corinthian columns

A

is the most elaborate column

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25
Q

pilaster

A

there is no space to walk around vs a column

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26
Q

pediment

A

the triangle on top

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27
Q

who designed neo-classical

A

Palladio

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28
Q

frieze

A

lies below the triangle pediment

can be plain, can be allegorical

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29
Q

what was the root of democracy

A

Parthenon / Athens, Greece

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30
Q

oculus

A

a round or eye-like opening or design, a round window

the original originates from the panthenon

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31
Q

fluted

A

not a smooth column

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32
Q

roman arch

A

rather than gothic or Moorish arch

half circle, almost always have a keystone

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33
Q

gothic arch

A

always comes to a slight point

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34
Q

citadel

A

city has walls, fortified structure, walled city

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35
Q

bodhisattva

A

a Buddhist deity who has attained enlightenment but chosen to delay their entry to nirvana (to help others reach enlightenment)

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36
Q

buddha

A

someone who has achieved full enlightenment

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37
Q

where were Mayan people located?

A

southern Mesoamerica, on the Yucatan peninsula

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38
Q

three A’s of Mayan civilization

A

art, astronomy, agriculture

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39
Q

Mayan people were known for their

A

hieroglyphics, calendrical system, astronomy, mathematics, etc…

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40
Q

the maize god

A

Mayan god (because of agriculture) represents cycles of death and rebirth, became one of the most honored gods

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41
Q

carved lintels

A

used as signs of power at temples

allegorical

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42
Q

atrium

A

the large open-air space surrounded by walls or a building

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43
Q

narthex

A

typical of early Christian or byzantine structures; entry or love area, usually opposite the main altar. Sometimes it is essentially the hallway

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44
Q

nave

A

the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation

45
Q

apse

A

a large semicircular or polygonal recess in a church, arched or with a domed roof, typically at the eastern end, and usually containing the altar

46
Q

baptistry

A

the part of a church used for baptisms

47
Q

minaret

A

a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer
can also be the bell tower

48
Q

isfahan

A

moorish arch (looks similiar to Gothic arch), has vaulting

49
Q

mihrab

A

prayer niche
most important element in any mosk, indicates the direction of Mecca
one of the absolute earliest and finest examples of mosaics

50
Q

renaissance Italy

A

15th century
Renaissance is French for ‘rebirth’. this term was only later applied by historians
cities became the center of everything as migration from rural areas to urban areas grew at an unprecedented rate
merchants and bankers became powerful
art and books were greatly appreciated and were collected as signs of wealth
intellectuals and the idea of the intellectual was appreciated. those with money who could were encouraged to engage with art and books to broaden their perspective
classical roman antiquity served as great inspiration
the catholic religion played a major role in everything

51
Q

proto-cuneiform table with seal impressions

A 
administrative account of barley distribution with cylinder seal impression of a male figure, hunting dogs, and boars
ca. 3100-2900 BC
Mesopotamia
Clay
2.17" x 2.36" x 1.63"
52
Q

Model of a granary with Scribes

A

dynasty 12
ca. 1981-1975 BC
Egypt
29 ½” x 22 1/16” x 36 ½”

53
Q

Venus of Willendorf

A

UM

54
Q

Marble female figure

A

attributed to the Bastis Master
Cycladic culture
2600-2400 BC
24 ¾” tall

55
Q

Statue of Gudea

A 
Neo-Sumerian period
ca. 2090 BC
Mesopotamia
Diorite
17 ⅜" x 8 ½" x 11 ⅝"
56
Q

mastaba

A

a flat roofed single layer structure that included an underground burial chamber. it is basically a section of a stepped pyramid.

57
Q

stepped pyramid

A

has different levels that are stepped. also has an underground burial chamber

58
Q

pyramid

A

nearly flat facade

does not have an underground burial site, but it has false chambers, doors, and passageways to trick tomb robbers

59
Q

iconography; iconographic

A

the traditional or conventional images or symbols associated with a subject and especially a religious or legendary subject

60
Q

Bjarke Ingels

A 
(BIG)
via 57 West
New York
completed March 2016
"a warped pyramid"
61
Q

reconstructed Ishtar Gate

A

Babylon -present-day Iraq

c. 575 BCE

62
Q

Parthenon

A

athens, greece

447 - 432 BCE

63
Q

The Parthenon painting

A

by Frederic Edwin Church
1871
Oil on Canvas
painting of The Parthenon, athens, Greece, 447-432 bCE

64
Q

temple of dendur

A

completed by 10 BC

Egypt

65
Q

the acropolis of Athens

A

this citadel sits above Athens overlooking the city
built high up on a rocky coastline so that it could be seen below
home to the Parthenon

66
Q

the Pantheon

A 
Rome, Italy
118 - 128 CE
The Parthenon's effects on later architecture
ancient Rome
built for Emperor Hadrian
a temple to Roman gods
Utilized the Corinthian order
features and oculus
67
Q

Buddha

A

probably Amitabha
China
7th Century

68
Q

Buddha of Medicine Frescoe

A

China
c. 1319
20ft by something

69
Q

Terra Cotta soldiers

A

Xi’an, China
201 BCE
army of Qin Shi huangdi [ruler of the Qin dynasty, also worked on great wall of china, unified all weaponry, unified characters and numbers]
took 720,000 workers and 36 years to construct
figures within army include soldiers, musicians, dancers, horses, civilians, and chariots

70
Q

pensive bodhisattva

A

mid 7th century
Korea
gilt bronze
orb and crescent motif
buddhism introduced from India through Silk Road, first reaching korean in 4th century
made for idol worship
reflection of the values and traditions of korean culture and beliefs

71
Q

reconstruction drawing of the basilica of maxentius

A

rome
307-312 CE
“only three bays survive of this massive public assembly hall, but they reveal the scale and richness of this exercise in concrete vaulted construction. high clerestory windows admitted light to illuminate the rich decoration”

72
Q

basilica

A

1: an oblong building ending in a semicircular apse used in ancient Rome especially for a court of justice and place of public assembly
[and then later
2: an early Christian church building consisting of nave and aisles with clerestory and a large high transept from with an apse projects
3: a Roman Catholic church given ceremonial privileges
4: outanks other churches]

73
Q

barrel vault

A

is constructed in the same manner as the round arch. it is a series of connected arches extended in sequence along a line. the outward pressure exerted by the curving sides of this vault requires buttressing within or outside the supporting walls.

74
Q

groin vault

A

when two barrel-vaulted spaces intersect with each other at the same level. both the weight and outward thrust of the groin vault are concentrated on four corner piers; only the piers require butressing, so the walls on all four sides can be opend.

75
Q

dome

A

the rim of the dome is supported on a circular wall, as in the Pantheon. this wall is called a drum when it is raised on top of a main structure.

76
Q

wall paintings in the house of Vettii in pompeii

A

before 79 CE ??????
“a wall painting in another room of the house of the vettii includes a band of amusing cupids, which may illustrate a story no longer known. The cupids appear to be at work in a pharmacy, mixing up potions in great vats. the details of cabinets and cauldrons provide information about the design of the furniture and equipment that might have been found in Roman houses of the time. the wall surfaces above and below are painted in the orange-red generally known as Pompeian red.”

77
Q

extant

A

currently existing; not destroyed

78
Q

nymph

A

any of the minor divinities of nature in classical mythology represented as beautiful maidens dwelling in the mountains, forests, trees, and waters.

79
Q

cubiculum from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale

A

Frescoes on the walls
Roman
50-40 BC

80
Q

reconstruction of a Roman bed

A

c20 BCE
“this Roman bed of the first century CE has legs and a frame of bronze supporting a surface of leather, clothor woven material. The bronze bars at head and foot end in sculptured decorative serpent’s heads.”

81
Q

reconstruction drawing of a roman throne

A

60-20 BCE
“a throne-like roman chair is here shown in a drawing based on images appearing in Roman wall paintings. The form is clearly based on the Greek klismos, but has been given a more massive back, supported by upright members on either side that rise from the tops of the back legs so as to increase structural solidity.”

82
Q

reconstruction drawing of a roman wicker

A

char
third century CE
“chairs of wicker were first made in the Etruscan era. Similiar types were made by the Romans in wicker, typically in tub form, in both Rom and many parts of the Roman empire.”

83
Q

Buddha of Medicine

A

Bhaishajya-guru (Yaoshifo)
China
ca. 1319
the buddha of medicine, the diety or god who sits on a lotus throne in the middle
he is described as ‘a doctor who curres suffering using the medicine of his teachings’
he is considered one of the three most significant buddhas, and chinese buddhists recite the mantra of the medicine buddha to overcome mental, physical, and spiritual sickness.
the painting is likely to represent Yaoshi fo in his personal paradise, also considered guardian of the East

84
Q

lotus flower

A

often understood as a symbol of spiritual purity the blooming is said to mimic the Buddhist eightfold path. grows from the mud [cycle of life], appears clean on the surface and floats above the mud [purification], before finally producing a beautiful flower [enlightenment]

85
Q

great stupa

A

india

3rd century CE

86
Q

the great departure

A

1st century BCE.

sandstone

87
Q

nanchan temple

A

mount wutai, shanxi
tang dynasty
782 CE

88
Q

pagodas

A

a Hindu or Buddhist temple or sacred building, typically a many-tiered tower, in India and East Asia
developed from indian stupas as buddhism spread northeast along the silk road.

89
Q

great wild goose pagoda

A

Xi’an
Tang dynasty
first erected in 645 CE, rebuilt mid 8th century CE

90
Q

inka khipu

A

ad 1425 - 1532
Chulpaca, Ica, Peru
Cotton, dye
72 x 39 cm

91
Q

whale transformation mask

A

19th century
canada, british columbia
wood, paint, cord, metal, leather, denim
potlatch ceremony centered around gift giving
masks worn by dancers and cheifs
all wealth was given in order to maintain social status
essential to maintaining tribal hierarchy and social harmony between tribes

92
Q

palace and temple of the snscriptions

A 
tomb pyramid of pakal the great
palenque, mexico
maya culture-palace
5th - 8th century CE
temple of the inscriptions
c. 683 CE
93
Q

Pyramid (el castillo) with charcoal in foreground

A

chichen Itza
yucatan, Mexico
maya culture
9th - 12th century CE

94
Q

maya relief with enthroned ruler

A

8th century

95
Q

hagia sophia

A

constantinople, present day istanbul, turkey

532-537 CE

96
Q

church of san vitale

A

ravenna, italy

c. 532-548

97
Q

mosaic of empress theodora and attendants

A

church of saint vitale
ravenna, italy
c. 547 CE

98
Q

funery mask of tutankhamun

A

c. 1327 BCE

99
Q

pectoral necklace of sithathoryunet with the name of Senwosret II

A

middle kingdom
ca. 1887 - 1878 BC
Egypt

100
Q

Theadora and her Attendants

A 
Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy
c 547
2.64 x 3.65 m
mosaics made of small pieces of cereamics
empress of emperor Justinian
famed for high intelligence and beauty
gold shows wealth of the empire
religious
heads alines
101
Q

Palazzo de Medici

A

florence, Italy

Begun 1440s

102
Q

Gozzoli

A

Procession of the Magi
Medici Chapel, Palazzo Medici- Riccardi
Florence, Italy
1459

103
Q

Studiolo from the ducal palace at gubbio

A

francesco di Giogio Martini
ca. 1478-82
all of it is intarsia- using interlocking pieces of wood of varying species to create a mosaic like work of art

104
Q

andrea palladio, villa rotunda

A

vicenza

begun 1560’s

105
Q

thomas jefferson’s home

A

monticello, virginia, 1772

106
Q

Raphael, Madonna and Child with Enthroned Saints

A

Oil and Gold on Wood
ca. 1504
Italy

107
Q

Virgin and Child with Saints and Donors

A

ca. 1441 - 1443
Jan Van Eyck
figures include Saint Barbara, Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, Virgin and Child, Jan Vos
Jan Vos commissioned the painting to serve as a memorial after his death
ensured an indulgence, whoever said hail mary full of grace in front of it would have 40 days off their time in purgatory
blue used for virgin mary, icon of immunity
red symbolizes power and wealth, reserved for nobles
cloth of honor usually made of velvets
oriental carpet has motifs such as columbine flowers and 8 pointed star

108
Q

Donatello’s David

A

approx 1430 - 1450 [early renaissance]
bronze, lost wax casting
first male nude and first freestanding statue since antiquity

objects as history (2 decks)

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