Midterm Flashcards
the body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is know as which of the following
external respiration
internal respiration
spontaneous ventilation
mechanical ventilation
spontaneous ventilation
which of the following are involved in external respiration
red blood cells and body cells
scalene and trapezius muscles
alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
external oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
the term used to described the tendency of a structure to return to its original form after being stretched or acted on by an outside force is which of the following
elastance
compliance
viscous resistance
distending pressure
elastance
calculate the pressure required to achieve tidal volume of 400 mL for an intubated patient with a respiratory system compliance of 15 mL/cmH2O
6 cmH2O
- 7 cmH2O
- 5 cmH2O
- 5 cmH2O
26.7 cmH2O
the condition that causes pulmonary compliance to increase is which of the following
asthma
kyphoscoliosis
emphysema
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
emphysema
calculate the static compliance (Cs) given the following information about a patient receiving mechanical ventilation: peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is 56 cmH2O, plateau pressure (Pplateau) is 40 cmH2O, exhaled tidal volume (Vt) is 690 mL, and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is 10 cmH2O
14 mL/cmH2O
16 mL/cmH2O
23 mL/cmH2O
40 mL/cmH2O
23 mL/cmH2O
the respiratory therapist should expect which of the following findings while ventilating a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
an elevated plateau pressure (Pplateau)
a decreased elastic resistance
a low peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)
a large transairway pressure (Pta) gradient
an elevated plateau pressure (Pplateau)
plateau pressure (Pplateau) is measured during which phase of the ventilatory cycle
inspiratory
end inspiration
expiration
end expiration
end inspiration
the patient ventilator data over the past few hours demonstrates an increased peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) with a constant transairway pressure (Pta). the respiratory therapist should conclude which of the following
static compliance (Cs) has increased static compliance (Cs) has decreased airway resistance (Raw) has increased airway resistance (Raw) has decreased
static compliance (Cs) has decreased
calculate the airway resistance (Raw) for a ventilator patient, in cmH2O/L/sec, when the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is 50 cmH2O, the plateau pressure (Pplateau) is 15 cmH2O, and the set flow rate is 60 L/min
0.58 Raw
1.2 Raw
35 Raw
50 Raw
35 Raw
calculate the inspiratory time necessary to ensure95% of the volume is delivered to a patient with a Cs = 40 mL/cmH2O and the Raw = 1 cmH2O/(L/sec)
- 04 sec
- 12 sec
- 61 sec
- 04 sec
0.12 sec
how many time constants are necessary for 95% of the tidal volume (Vt) to be delivered from a mechanical ventilator
1
2
3
4
3
use this figure to compute the dynamic compliance for an intubated patient with an inspiratory flow rate at 45 L/min and tidal volume at 600 mL
20 cmH2O/(L/sec)
24 cmH2O/(L/sec)
15 cmH2O/(L/sec)
60 cmH2O/(L/sec)
24 cmH2O/(L/sec)
the respiratory therapist enters modes and parameters into the ventilator with which of the following
control logic
input power
user interface
drive mechanism
user interface
the function of the exhalation valve is to do which of the following
adjust the flow going to the patient
close during exhalation to vent patent gas
seal the external circuit during inspiration
determine the volume being delivered
seal the external circuit during inspiration
how many variable can a ventilator control at one time
one
two
three
four
one
an increase in airway resistance during volume-controlled ventilation will have which of the following effects
volume increase
flow decrease
pressure increase
rate decrease
pressure increase
an increase in airway resistance during pressure-targeted ventilation will have which of the following effects
volume decrease
flow increase
pressure increase
rate decrease
volume decrease
a patient who has a decrease in lung compliance due to ARDS during volume-limited ventilation will cause which of the following
decrease volume delivery
increase peak pressure
decrease flow delivery
decrease peak pressure
increase peak pressure
the ventilator variable that begins inspiration is which of the following
cycle
limit
trigger
baseline
trigger
the trigger variable in the controlled mode is which of the following
flow
time
pressure
volume
time
a patient who has been sedated and paralyzed by medications is being controlled by the ventilator. the set rate is 15 breaths/min. how many seconds does it take for inspiration and expiration to occur
2 seconds
4 seconds
6 seconds
8 seconds
4 seconds
the most commonly used patient trigger variables include which of the following
- flow
- time
- pressure
- volume
1 and 3 only
a patient is receiving volume-controlled ventilation. the respiratory therapist notes the pressure time scalar on the ventilator screen, shown in the figure. the most appropriate action to take includes which of the following
increase the rate setting
increase the baseline setting
decrease the volume setting
increase the sensitivity setting
increase the sensitivity setting
the patient trigger requires the least amount of WOB for the patient is which of the following
time
flow
pressure
volume
flow
the limit variable set on a mechanical ventilator will do which of the following
end inspiration
begin inspiration
control the maximum value allowed
control the minimum value allowed
control the maximum value allowed
the RT enters the room of a patient on MV with volume ventilation. the high pressure alarm is sounding and the measured exhaled Vt is significantly lower than what is set. the variable that is ending inspiration is which of the following
time
flow
pressure
volume
pressure
the variable that a a ventilator uses to end inspiration is known as which of the following
cycle
limit
trigger
baseline
cycle
when the maximum pressure limit is reached during volume ventilation, which of the following occurs
- inspiratory time is decreased
- volume delivered is decreased
- inspiration continues until volume is delivered
- pressure is held and the breath is volume cycled
1 and 2 only
the most common method of terminating inspiration during pressure support ventilation (a spontaneous mode) is which of the following
flow
time
pressure
volume
time
respiratory failure due to inadequate ventilation is known as which of the following
chronic
hypercapnic
hypoxemic
compensated
hypercapnic
a patient with an opiatedrug overdose is unconsious and has ABG on room air 7.20, 88, 42, 25. which is best describing patient condition
chronic hypercapnic RF
chronic hypoxemic RF
acute hypoxemic RF
acute hypercapnic RF
acute hypoxemic RF
acute hypercapnic respiratory failure may be caused by which of the following
decreased FiO2
respiratory muscle fatigue
pulmonary shunt
perfusion/diffusion impairment
respiratory muscle fatigue
a post-op patient complaining of dyspnea is found to have tachypnea and tachycardia and is somewhat confused. BS are inspiratory crackles. ABG is 7.49, 33,51, 25 on 30% AEM. most appropriate thing to do
initiate NPPV
initiate CPAP
intubate and MV
administer bronchodilator
CPAP
