Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Audiology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what is auricle? Another term

A

Pinna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pinna is efficient for ….. frequency sound

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of concha

A

Localize the sources of the sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

External auditory canal (EAC) height

A

9mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

EAC width

A

6.5 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the gland that secretes sebum?

A

Sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sebum >

A

Cerumen / earwax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inner EAC

A

the osseocartilaginous junction above condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The tympanic membrane is between ….

A

outer ear & middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Another term for tympanic membrane

A

Eardrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Surface area of tympanic membrane

A

55 mm2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 layers of the eardrum

A
  1. Same as EAC
  2. fibrous connective tissue
  3. middle ear space (mucous membrane)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The largest bone of the middle ear

A

Malleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The smallest bone

A

The stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fluid in scala media

A

Endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fluid in scala tympani

A

Perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fluid in scala vestibuli

A

Perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The opposite end of the oval window

A

Helicotrama

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Membrane btw scala vestibular & scala media

A

Reissner’s membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Membrane between scala media and scala tympani

A

Basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Unit of frequency

A

Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Period is …

A

1/ frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fundamental f is

A

The lowest rate of sound vibration in the complex sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Periodic sounds

A

Speech & music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Aperiodic sounds

A

Noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Harmonics are

A

Tones over the fundamental (200 HZ and above)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Overtone and harmonic difference

A

1st harmonic = fundamental

1st overtone = 2nd harmonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

F1 refers to

A

1st formant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Fundamental frequency of men

A

85 - 150 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Fundamental frequency of women

A

175-250 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Unit of intensity

A

dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Unit of force

A

Dyne: 1 g mass@ cm/s2
Newton: 1 kg mass@ m/s2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The middle-ear cleft is formed of

A

the eustachian tube and the middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The middle ear transfers sound energy from …. to …..

A

outer ear to inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

2 muscles in the middle ear that helps impedance matching

A

stapedius muscle

tensor tympani muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Impedance matcher (contraction of the muscles helps….)

A
  • protect the inner ear

- attenuating loud and damaging sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Function of inner ear

A

transduce the mechanical energy from the middle ear into a form of energy that can be interpreted by the brain

reports info regarding the body’s position and movement in a bioelectrical code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

To maintain the balance, the input to the cerebellum comes from

A
  1. Visual system (eyes)
  2. Proprioceptive (muscles & tendons)
  3. Vestibular (gravity & inertia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

2 membranous sacs in the vestibule

A

Utricle and saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which sac is smaller

A

Saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Location of the end organ

A

Utricle @ the bottom

Saccule on the side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The utriculosaccular mechanism is responsible for interpreting ….. acceleration/ velocity

A

linear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The semicircular canals are responsible for interpreting ….. acceleration/ velocity

A

angular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

If the vestibular mechanism is damaged,

A

Vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Patients with vertigo experience

A

the sensation of whirling or spinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

2 portions in the inner ear

A
  1. Vestibular portion

2. Auditory portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The vestibular portion is responsible for

A

Balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The auditory portion of the inner ear is

A

Cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The inner & outer hair cells are separated by …..

A

Corti’s arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is cochlear duct

A

Scalamedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How does blood supply & nerve supply enter the organ of Corti?

A

modiolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The osseous spinal lamina divides cochlea into

A

Scala vestibuli & scala tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Osseous/ bony labyrinth

A
  • osseous vestibule
  • osseous semicircular canals
  • osseous cochlear labyrinth
  • membranous labyrinth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Where is osseous vestibule?

A

embedded within petrous portion of temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Epithelial lining in osseous vestibule secretes ……

A

Perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Anterior canals sense movement of …..

A

head toward the shoulder - head tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Posterior canals sense

A

movement of head when nodding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Horizontal canals sense movement of

A

head when shaking or rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Communicate btw scala tympani & middle ear

A

Round window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Communicate between scala vestibuli & middle ear space

A

Oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Connects upper duct & subarchnoid space

A

Cochlear aqueduct

62
Q

Membranous labyrinth is filled with

A

endolymph

63
Q

the sense of hearing -

A

Cochlea

64
Q

sense of balance

A

semicircular canals

65
Q

Organ of Corti has ….. rows of outer cells

A

3 rows (12,000 cells)

66
Q

Organ of Corti has …

A

1 row of inner hair cells (3,500 cells)

67
Q

…… seperate inner & outer cells

A

Tunnel of Corti

68
Q

Inner hair cells innervated by

A

many nerve fibers

69
Q

Outer hair cells innervated by

A

1 nerve fiber

70
Q

CPA or cerebellopontine angle include

A

Cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata @ brainstem

71
Q

Type of speech stimuli for SRT

A

spondaic words (bisyllabic words)

72
Q

Type of speech stimuli for WDS

A

monosyllabic words

73
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

impaired AC

normal BC

74
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Both AC and BC are impaired

within 10 dB diff. @each frequency

75
Q

Mixed hearing loss

A

Both impaired but AC is higher than BC for 10 dB

76
Q

Test which ear first

A

better

77
Q

describe which ear first

A

worse ear first

78
Q

mild hearing loss is around

A

20-40 dB

79
Q

moderate hearing loss

A

41-70 dB HL

80
Q

Severe hearing loss is around

A

70-90 dB

81
Q

profound hearing loss

A

90-120 dB

82
Q

lower frequency > …… wavelength

A

longer

83
Q

when to mask AC

A

AC(te) - BC(nte) > or equal to 40

84
Q

When to mask BC

A

ABG(te) > 10 dB

85
Q

initial level of noise for AC masking

A

AC(nte) > 10 dB

86
Q

You get the plateau when

A

get 3 responses in 3 constant increases of noise

87
Q

Cross hearing for AC will occur when

A

AC(te) - IA >or equal to BC(nte)

88
Q

Plateau: raise 5dB of noise

A

if there’s a response

89
Q

Plateau: raise 5 dB of signal

A

if there’s no response

90
Q

BC initial level

A

AC(nte) + 10dB + OE

91
Q

OE is most evident from ….. Hz

A

250-1000 Hz

92
Q

OE @ 250Hz

A

20dB

93
Q

OE @ 500 Hz

A

15dB

94
Q

OE @ 1000 Hz

A

10dB

95
Q

Type of noise (masker) for AC

A

narrowband

96
Q

Type of noise (masker) for BC

A

narrowband

97
Q

Which placement of bone oscillator is most reliable

A

Forehead

98
Q

Type of noise for SRT

A

broadband (speech)

99
Q

when to mask SRT

A

when SRT(te) - best BC(nte) >or equal to 40

100
Q

initial noise level for SRT

A

SRT (nte) + 10 dB

101
Q

You can get the plateau for all except

A

WDS or WRS

Word recognition

102
Q

What type of test is Word recognition?

A

supra-threshold

103
Q

When to mask Word recognition?

A

PL(te) -best BC (nte) >equal to 40

104
Q

What is the value to add to SRT to get PL?

A

25-40 dB

105
Q

Initial level for word recognition

A

PL(te) - 20 dB

106
Q

Red circle represents

A

right ear (unmasked)

107
Q

Red triangle represents

A

right ear (masked)

108
Q

Blue cross represents

A

left ear (unmasked)

109
Q

Blue square represents

A

Left ear (masked)

110
Q

Half diamonds

A

bone (unmasked)

111
Q

Half squares represent

A

BC (masked)

112
Q

How can you find PTA?

A

3 thresholds @500, 1000 and 2000Hz divided by 3

113
Q

SRT or SDT that is higher?

A

SRT is higher but not exceed 12 dB

114
Q

What is SAT?

A

Speech awareness threshold a.k.a. SDT

115
Q

SDT stands for

A

Speech detection threshold

116
Q

SDT speech stimuli

A

Cold running speech

117
Q

SRT speech stimuli

A

Spondaic words

118
Q

WDS stands for

A

Word recognition score (%)

119
Q

Speech stimuli for WRS

A

monosyllabic words

120
Q

SRT is around

A

+/- 5 dB HL re: PTA

121
Q

Is there carrier phrase for WDS?

A

Yes

122
Q

Is there carrier phrase for SRT?

A

no

123
Q

PB max is

A

Patients’ best discrimination score

124
Q

PB max is around

A

25-40 dB SL, re: SRT

125
Q

MCL starts at

A

10-20 dB

126
Q

Normally, MCL is around

A

30-40 dB SL, re: SRT

127
Q

UCL is

A

Uncomfortable loudness

128
Q

UCL starts at

A

MCL (+5dB)

129
Q

Dynamic range

A

UCL-SRT

130
Q

Usable range is around

A

UCL - MCL

131
Q

Knowing Dynamic range and Usuable range is important for

A

hearing aid fitting

132
Q

What unites symmetrical portions of its 2 halves (brain)?

A

Commissures

133
Q

Wwhat is the 1st relay station for neural activity?

A

The superior olivary complex

134
Q

What is the 2nd relay station?

A

the medial geniculate body (thalamus)

135
Q

The neural activity from the cochlea is sent through …. to the base of the brain

A

Type 1 auditory nerve fibers from inner hair cells & auditory nerve

136
Q

The neural activity will arrive @ ….. after the cochlea

A

Cochlear nuclei

137
Q

Cochlear nuclei > ……

A

The superior olivary complex or trapezoid body

138
Q

Where is trapezoid body

A

In the pons

139
Q

The superior olivary cortex >

A

Lateral lemniscus

140
Q

Lateral lemniscus >

A

Inferior colliculus in the midbrain

141
Q

The inferior colliculus >

A

Medial geniculate body (thalamus)

142
Q

Medial geniculate body >

A

Auditory cortex

143
Q

Lateral lemniscus is

A

A major pathway for the transmission of impulses from the ipsilateral lower brainstem

144
Q

The superior olivary complex functions

A

sense the direction of a sound source by analyzing small differences in time or intensity

The reflex activity of the tensor tympani & stapedius muscles of the middle ear

145
Q

The medial geniculate body >

A

Auditory cortex

146
Q

Where is auditory cortex?

A

The temporal lobe of the cerebrum

  • superior temporal gyrus
  • Helschl’s gyrus
147
Q

insular lobe is responsible for

A

the temporal aspects of sound

148
Q

Parietal is responsible for

A

Sound + past experiences

149
Q

Frontal

A

Memory of sounds

150
Q

afferent pathways

A

Cochlea > brain

151
Q

Efferent pathway

A
  • inhabiting feedback by elevating thresholds of neurons @ lower stations
  • excitatory function

Audiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions