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Radiation Safety > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

This part of the cathode controls and directs the electrons towards the anode.

Wire Harness
Vacuum Tube
Filament
Focusing cup

A

Focusing cup

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2
Q

The process that produces free electrons is called

Kinetic Energy
Thermionic Emission
Bremsstrahlung Interaction
Electrostatic Force Field

A

Thermionic Emission

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3
Q

What is the removal of an electron from an atom called?

ionization
pair production
irradiation
electricity

A

ionization

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4
Q

Ionizing radiation is capable of removing _____ from atoms as it passes through the matter.

neutrons
protons
electrons
ions

A

electrons

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5
Q

What type of interaction is created when an inner shell vacancy is filled with an outer shell electron?

Compton
Bremsstrahlung
Ionization
Characteristic

A

characteristic

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6
Q

The amount of ionization produced in air when ionizing radiation is present is known as:

Absorbed Dose
Exposure
Effective Dose
Medical Dose

A

Exposure

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7
Q

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays while experimenting with the _____.

rotating anode
Coolidge tube
Snook transformer
Crookes tube

A

crookes tube

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8
Q

In what year was x-ray discovered? _____.

1776
1895
1904
1945

A

1895

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9
Q

Fluoroscopy was invited by:

William Crookes
Wilhelm Roentgen
Heinrich Hertz
Thomas Edison

A

Thomas Edison

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10
Q

The amount of energy that is deposited in a material per unit of mass of the material is ___________.

Absorbed Dose
Medical Dose
Effective Dose
Exposure

A

absorbed dose

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11
Q

This term quantifies the measure of harm to humans.

Effective Dose
Absorbed Dose
Medical Dose
Exposure

A

effective dose

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12
Q

X-Rays that go through the patient and reaches the image receptor without interacting refers to ______________.

Indirect Transmission
Direct Transmission
Compton Scatter
Coherent Scatter

A

direct transmission

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13
Q

The photon that has deviated its path and will not interact with the image receptor is deemed to be _____________.

High-Energy
Differential
Image Forming
Attenuated

A

attenuated

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14
Q

The number of protons is referred as _____________ (Check all that apply)

Ionized
Z#
Atomic Number
Stable

A

atomic number

Z number

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15
Q

Tungsten has an atomic number of ____________.

74
72
16
48

A

74

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16
Q

The negative side of the X-Ray tube is:

Anode
Protective Housing
Cathode
Glass Envelope

A

cathode

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17
Q

What are the 3 basic principles of radiation protection?

Time, Distance and Shielding
Speed, Distance, and Energy
Time, Speed and Energy
Energy, Shielding and Distance

A

Time, Distance, Shielding

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18
Q

The degree to which the diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient refers to ___________.

Patient Protection
Radiation Protection
Justification
Diagnostic Efficacy

A

Diagnostic efficacy

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19
Q

The millisievert (mSv) is equal to:

1/1000 of a Sievert
1000 Sieverts
1/100 of a Sievert
100 Sieverts

A

1/1000

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20
Q

Absorbed Dose is measure in _______________.

Coulomb/Kilogram
Millisievert
Milli-gray
Milliroentgen

A

milli-gray

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21
Q

The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is a(n) _____.

neutron
proton
electron
atom

A

atom

22
Q

The binding energies, or energy levels, of electrons are represented by their _____.

atomic numbers
atomic mass units
orbital shells
isotope

A

orbital shells

23
Q

The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell is calculated with the formula _____.

2n
2n2
2/n
2/n2

A

2n2

24
Q

A neutral atom has the same number of _____ and electrons.

quarks
neutrinos
neutrons
protons

A

proton

25
Q

The innermost electron shell is symbolized by the letter _____.

J
K
L
M

A

K

26
Q

The atomic number of an element is symbolized by the letter _____.

Y
X
Z
n

A

Z

27
Q

Projectile electrons travel from _____.

anode to cathode
cathode to anode
target to patient
inner shell to outer shell

A

cathode to anode

28
Q

The patient’s level of exposure is determined by the radiation ___________.

absorbed by the body.
exposure to the patient.
passing through the patient.
near the patient.

A

absorbed by the body

29
Q

Approximately _____ of the kinetic energy of the projectile electrons is converted to x-rays at the target.

1%
10%
50%
99%

A

1%

30
Q

Electron interactions at the inner-shell of the target atoms produce _____ radiation.

gamma
Bremsstrahlung
characteristic
all of the above

A

characteristic

31
Q

Most of the x-rays produced at the target are _____.

bremsstrahlung
characteristic
gamma
beta

A

bremsstrahlung

32
Q

Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced by the _____ near the nucleus of the tungsten atom from the target surface.

outer shell excitation
deceleration of incident electrons
K-shell interactions
L-shell interactions

A

deceleration of incident electron

33
Q

Characteristic x-rays only occur when exposure techniques are _____ or greater.

100 kVp
60 kVp
80 kVp
70 kVp

A

70 kVp

34
Q

X-rays that pass through the patient and interact with the image receptor are referred to as ____________.

Direct Transmission
Indirect Transmission
Compton
Coherent

A

Direct Transmission

35
Q

An incident x-ray interacts with an atom without ionization during _____.

photoelectric absorption
Compton scattering
coherent scattering
pair production

A

coherent scattering

36
Q

An outer-shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized during _____.

photoelectric interactions
Compton interactions
coherent scattering
pair production

A

Compton interactions

37
Q

Which x-ray interaction involves the ejection of the K-shell electron?

coherent scattering
Compton interaction
pair production
photoelectric absorption

A

photoelectric absorption

38
Q

In _____, there is complete absorption of the incident

photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
pair production
coherent scatter

A

photoelectric interaction

39
Q

____ occurs only at the very high energies used in radiation therapy and in nuclear medicine P.E.T. imaging.

Coherent scatter
Compton scatter
Photoelectric absorption
Pair production

A

Pair production

40
Q

Only at energies above 10 MeV can _____ take place.

photodisintegration
pair production
Compton scatter
photoelectric absorption

A

photodisintegration

41
Q

What is the SI unit that refers to the amount of ionizing radiation that may strike an object such as the human body when in the vicinity of a radiation source?

Coulombs per kilogram
Rem
Gray
Sievert

A

Coulombs per kilogram

42
Q

In 2006, diagnostic x-ray radiation and nuclear medicine accounted for ________% of the total collective effective dose of the U.S. population.

37
48
24
12

A

48 %

43
Q

Electromagnetic energy that possess higher frequencies will have:

longer wavelengths, lower energies
shorter wavelengths, lower energies
longer wavelengths, higher energies
shorter wavelengths, higher energies

A

shorter wavelength, higher energies

44
Q

The most recent data suggest that _______% of natural background radiation exposure comes from radon and thoron.

10
29
37
48

A

37

45
Q

Equivalent dose allows us to calculate:

The total ionizing radiation exposure during a specific period
The effective dose of all types of ionizing radiation
The amount of biologic damage from a particular radiation dose
The quality factor of a given radiation dose

A

the effective dose of all types of ionizing radiation

46
Q

____________ __________ provides an overall dose value to include the different degrees of tissue interaction produced by different types of radiation.

Effective Dose
Equivalent Dose
Weighting Factor
Absorbed Dose

A

equivalent dose

47
Q

____________ ___________ is the best estimation of overall harm that might occur by the dosage of ionizing radiation in human tissue

Weighting Factor
Equivalent Dose
Absorbed Dose
Effective Dose

A

effective dose

48
Q

___________ ____________ are emitted from nuclei of very heavy elements such as uranium and plutonium during the process of radioactive decay.

Beta Particles
Heavy Metals
Free Electrons
Alpha Particles

A

alpha particle

49
Q

Approximately __________ of the gross common exposure of human beings to natural background radiation came from radon.

50%
75%
65%
55%

A

55 %

50
Q

Alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, and protons are forms of: (Check all that apply)

Non-Ionizing Radiation
Ionizing Radiation
Radio Waves
Particulate Radiation

A

ionizing radiation

particulate radiation

Radiation Safety (1 decks)

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