midterm

Question 1

This part of the cathode controls and directs the electrons towards the anode.

Wire Harness
Vacuum Tube
Filament
Focusing cup

Answer 1

Focusing cup

Question 2

The process that produces free electrons is called

Kinetic Energy
Thermionic Emission
Bremsstrahlung Interaction
Electrostatic Force Field

Answer 2

Thermionic Emission

Question 3

What is the removal of an electron from an atom called?

ionization
pair production
irradiation
electricity

Answer 3

ionization

Question 4

Ionizing radiation is capable of removing _____ from atoms as it passes through the matter.

neutrons
protons
electrons
ions

Answer 4

electrons

Question 5

What type of interaction is created when an inner shell vacancy is filled with an outer shell electron?

Compton
Bremsstrahlung
Ionization
Characteristic

Answer 5

characteristic

Question 6

The amount of ionization produced in air when ionizing radiation is present is known as:

Absorbed Dose
Exposure
Effective Dose
Medical Dose

Answer 6

Exposure

Question 7

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays while experimenting with the _____.

rotating anode
Coolidge tube
Snook transformer
Crookes tube

Answer 7

crookes tube

Question 8

In what year was x-ray discovered? _____.

1776
1895
1904
1945

Answer 8

1895

Question 9

Fluoroscopy was invited by:

William Crookes
Wilhelm Roentgen
Heinrich Hertz
Thomas Edison

Answer 9

Thomas Edison

Question 10

The amount of energy that is deposited in a material per unit of mass of the material is ___________.

Absorbed Dose
Medical Dose
Effective Dose
Exposure

Answer 10

absorbed dose

Question 11

This term quantifies the measure of harm to humans.

Effective Dose
Absorbed Dose
Medical Dose
Exposure

Answer 11

effective dose

Question 12

X-Rays that go through the patient and reaches the image receptor without interacting refers to ______________.

Indirect Transmission
Direct Transmission
Compton Scatter
Coherent Scatter

Answer 12

direct transmission

Question 13

The photon that has deviated its path and will not interact with the image receptor is deemed to be _____________.

High-Energy
Differential
Image Forming
Attenuated

Answer 13

attenuated

Question 14

The number of protons is referred as _____________ (Check all that apply)

Ionized
Z#
Atomic Number
Stable

Answer 14

atomic number

Z number

Question 15

Tungsten has an atomic number of ____________.

74
72
16
48

Answer 15

74

Question 16

The negative side of the X-Ray tube is:

Anode
Protective Housing
Cathode
Glass Envelope

Answer 16

cathode

Question 17

What are the 3 basic principles of radiation protection?

Time, Distance and Shielding
Speed, Distance, and Energy
Time, Speed and Energy
Energy, Shielding and Distance

Answer 17

Time, Distance, Shielding

Question 18

The degree to which the diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient refers to ___________.

Patient Protection
Radiation Protection
Justification
Diagnostic Efficacy

Answer 18

Diagnostic efficacy

Question 19

The millisievert (mSv) is equal to:

1/1000 of a Sievert
1000 Sieverts
1/100 of a Sievert
100 Sieverts

Answer 19

1/1000

Question 20

Absorbed Dose is measure in _______________.

Coulomb/Kilogram
Millisievert
Milli-gray
Milliroentgen

Answer 20

milli-gray

Question 21

The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is a(n) _____.

neutron
proton
electron
atom

Answer 21

atom

Question 22

The binding energies, or energy levels, of electrons are represented by their _____.

atomic numbers
atomic mass units
orbital shells
isotope

Answer 22

orbital shells

Question 23

The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell is calculated with the formula _____.

2n
2n2
2/n
2/n2

Answer 23

2n2

Question 24

A neutral atom has the same number of _____ and electrons.

quarks
neutrinos
neutrons
protons

Answer 24

proton

Question 25

The innermost electron shell is symbolized by the letter _____. J K L M

Answer 25

K

Question 26

The atomic number of an element is symbolized by the letter _____. Y X Z n

Answer 26

Z

Question 27

Projectile electrons travel from _____. anode to cathode cathode to anode target to patient inner shell to outer shell

Answer 27

cathode to anode

Question 28

The patient's level of exposure is determined by the radiation ___________. absorbed by the body. exposure to the patient. passing through the patient. near the patient.

Answer 28

absorbed by the body

Question 29

Approximately _____ of the kinetic energy of the projectile electrons is converted to x-rays at the target. 1% 10% 50% 99%

Answer 29

1%

Question 30

Electron interactions at the inner-shell of the target atoms produce _____ radiation. gamma Bremsstrahlung characteristic all of the above

Answer 30

characteristic

Question 31

Most of the x-rays produced at the target are _____. bremsstrahlung characteristic gamma beta

Answer 31

bremsstrahlung

Question 32

Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced by the _____ near the nucleus of the tungsten atom from the target surface. outer shell excitation deceleration of incident electrons K-shell interactions L-shell interactions

Answer 32

deceleration of incident electron

Question 33

Characteristic x-rays only occur when exposure techniques are _____ or greater. 100 kVp 60 kVp 80 kVp 70 kVp

Answer 33

70 kVp

Question 34

X-rays that pass through the patient and interact with the image receptor are referred to as ____________. Direct Transmission Indirect Transmission Compton Coherent

Answer 34

Direct Transmission

Question 35

An incident x-ray interacts with an atom without ionization during _____. photoelectric absorption Compton scattering coherent scattering pair production

Answer 35

coherent scattering

Question 36

An outer-shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized during _____. photoelectric interactions Compton interactions coherent scattering pair production

Answer 36

Compton interactions

Question 37

Which x-ray interaction involves the ejection of the K-shell electron? coherent scattering Compton interaction pair production photoelectric absorption

Answer 37

photoelectric absorption

Question 38

In _____, there is complete absorption of the incident photoelectric interaction Compton interaction pair production coherent scatter

Answer 38

photoelectric interaction

Question 39

____ occurs only at the very high energies used in radiation therapy and in nuclear medicine P.E.T. imaging. Coherent scatter Compton scatter Photoelectric absorption Pair production

Answer 39

Pair production

Question 40

Only at energies above 10 MeV can _____ take place. photodisintegration pair production Compton scatter photoelectric absorption

Answer 40

photodisintegration

Question 41

What is the SI unit that refers to the amount of ionizing radiation that may strike an object such as the human body when in the vicinity of a radiation source? Coulombs per kilogram Rem Gray Sievert

Answer 41

Coulombs per kilogram

Question 42

In 2006, diagnostic x-ray radiation and nuclear medicine accounted for ________% of the total collective effective dose of the U.S. population. 37 48 24 12

Answer 42

48 %

Question 43

Electromagnetic energy that possess higher frequencies will have: longer wavelengths, lower energies shorter wavelengths, lower energies longer wavelengths, higher energies shorter wavelengths, higher energies

Answer 43

shorter wavelength, higher energies

Question 44

The most recent data suggest that _______% of natural background radiation exposure comes from radon and thoron. 10 29 37 48

Answer 44

37

Question 45

Equivalent dose allows us to calculate: The total ionizing radiation exposure during a specific period The effective dose of all types of ionizing radiation The amount of biologic damage from a particular radiation dose The quality factor of a given radiation dose

Answer 45

the effective dose of all types of ionizing radiation

Question 46

____________ __________ provides an overall dose value to include the different degrees of tissue interaction produced by different types of radiation. Effective Dose Equivalent Dose Weighting Factor Absorbed Dose

Answer 46

equivalent dose

Question 47

____________ ___________ is the best estimation of overall harm that might occur by the dosage of ionizing radiation in human tissue Weighting Factor Equivalent Dose Absorbed Dose Effective Dose

Answer 47

effective dose

Question 48

___________ ____________ are emitted from nuclei of very heavy elements such as uranium and plutonium during the process of radioactive decay. Beta Particles Heavy Metals Free Electrons Alpha Particles

Answer 48

alpha particle

Question 49

Approximately __________ of the gross common exposure of human beings to natural background radiation came from radon. 50% 75% 65% 55%

Answer 49

55 %

Question 50

Alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, and protons are forms of: (Check all that apply) Non-Ionizing Radiation Ionizing Radiation Radio Waves Particulate Radiation

Answer 50

ionizing radiation | particulate radiation