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Maturing Families Midterm > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

biological theories

A

occur randomly and accumulate over time (predetermined)

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2
Q

aging phenotype

A

external expression of one’s individual genetic makeup

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3
Q

chronological aging

A

recognized between 50-65 years old

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4
Q

7 petals- wellness model

A 
environment
biological
psychological 
social
intellectual 
SES
spiritual
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5
Q

centenarian

A

someone who has lived 100-109 years old; majority are 100-104

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6
Q

3 levels of prevention

A

primary- vaccines
secondary- screenings
tertiary- once someone already has a disease

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7
Q

cognitive changes

A

decline in working memory

decline in episodic memory

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8
Q

heart changes

A

decrease in cardiac reserve- takes longer to meet demands and return back to normal

mild systolic murmur

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9
Q

endocrine changes

A

decrease in thymus size = harder to fight off infection

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10
Q

musculoskeletal changes

A

decline posture- kyphosis
bones are brittle
sarcopenia- gradual loss of muscle bulk / strength

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11
Q

vision

A

dec. in vision
increased astigmatism
floaters
glaucoma

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12
Q

hearing loss

A

presbycusis- sensorineural hearing loss

loss of high frequency sounds

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13
Q

skin changes

A 
lightening of skin tone
slower wound healing
more fragile
dec skin temp
loss of elasticity
dry and cracking
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14
Q

hair

A

diminished melanocyes- gray hair

terminal hair in face and chin in women after menopause

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15
Q

nails

A

thicken / change shape
brittle
striations

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16
Q

hydration

A

thirst sense diminshes

total body water decreases

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17
Q

elimination changes

A

kidney size decrease

loss of bladder holding capacity because of loss of elasticity

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18
Q

sleep changes

A 
more time spent laying awake
total sleep time decreased
sleep efficiency reduced
wake up frequently
daytime napping
REM sleep is short / less intense
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19
Q

ageism

A

negative attitudes towards aging adults

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20
Q

NICHE

A

Nurses Improving Care in Healthsystem for elderly

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21
Q

Goal of NICHE

A

improve elderly patients in hospitals

  • catheter
  • pressure ulcers
  • iatrogenic conditions (got them from the hospital)
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22
Q

reasons for readmittance to hospitals

A
  • health literacy
  • SES
  • language barriers
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23
Q

telomeres

A

protect the tips of chromosomes

  • stressors / unhealthy living shorten them and speed up aging
  • prevention- healthy living
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24
Q

psychosocial theory

A

behavioral / developmental

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25
Q

wear and tear theory

A

theory of biological aging that proposes aging stems from a build up of trauma to tissues, organs and cells in side the body

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26
Q

free radical theory

A

mutations of the mitochondrial DNA will accumulate and lead to a loss of cell function causing aging

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27
Q

inflame-aging theory

A

dysregulation and dysfunction of the immune system which makes a older person more susceptible to infections
-education and immunizations

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28
Q

integrity v. despair

A

did I live a meaningful life?

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29
Q

generativity v stagnation

A

how can I contribute to the world?

-parenthood / work

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30
Q

identity v confusion

A

who am I?

social relationships

31
Q

industry v inferiority

A

how can I be good?

-school

32
Q

initiative v guilt

A

am I good or bad?

-exploration and play

33
Q

autonomy v shame / doubt

A

can I do things by myself?

- potty training

34
Q

trust v mistrust

A

can I trust the people around me?

- feeding

35
Q

gerotranscendence theory

A

increased feeling of together with past generations;
decreased an interest in social interactions;
universal awareness;
less self-occupied;
dec in personal interest for material things;
solitude is more attractive

36
Q

activity theory

A

successful aging = staying active

37
Q

continuity theory

A

individuals tend to develop and maintain a consistent pattern of behavior as they age

38
Q

age stratification

A

considers individuals as members of cohorts with similarities to others in the same group; importance of similarities is more important than differences

39
Q

neuroplasticity

A

ability of the brain to form synaptic connections in response to learning, experiences, or following injury

40
Q

3 stages of memory

A

sensory- aware of info through senses
short term- sequential info that needs to be rehearsed
long term- info that is no longer conscious thought is stored for potential recollection

41
Q

elderspeak

A

what not to say

  • using a singing voice
  • using pet names
  • using We pronouns
  • ignoring the elderly patient and only talking to family
  • talking to them like a child
42
Q

Katz adl

A
  • Bathing
  • grooming
  • toileting
  • continence
  • feeding / drinking
  • transferring (wheelchair to chair)
43
Q

Mini Cog

A

3 word test- short term memory

clock drawing

44
Q

IADL (Lawton’s)

A 
independent living skills
cooking
cleaning
shopping
yard work
money management
using a phone
laundry
taking meds
accessing transportation
45
Q

geriatric depression scale

A

13 items

5 = major depressive disorder

46
Q

SPICES

A 
identifies geriatric syndromes
S- Sleep disorders
P- problems eating
I- incontinence
C- confusion
E- evidence of falls
S- skin breakdown
47
Q

changes in the eyes

A

eyelids are droopy, eyes are dry, eyelids may not close completely, eyelids may be turned outward

48
Q

presbycusis

A

sensorineural hearing loss
slow / progressive
difficult to filter background noise

49
Q

neurosensory changes

A

diminish one’s awareness of temperature changes

one will wear a sweater in the summer without the AC on

50
Q

disengagement theory

A

the need for adults to gradually withdraw from society so there is a transfer of power to the younger generation

51
Q

selective optimization

A

individuals cope with aging losses through activity / role selection, optimizations, and compensations

52
Q

role theory

A

as one role is completed it is replaced by another one of comparative value to the individual / society

53
Q

pharmokinetics

A

how drugs are processed and concentrated in the body

54
Q

pharmodynamics

A

related changes occur due to the decrease in the number of receptors, receptor binding, or altered cellular response to drug reception interaction

55
Q

polypharmacy

A

5+ medications, more medications than are medically necessary, or the use of multiple medications for the same problem

56
Q

brown bag approach

A

patient is asked to show the nurse the bottles of all the meds they are taking; over the counter, dietary, and herbals

57
Q

malnutrition risk factors

A

loss of dentition, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, neurological or musculoskeletal problems, low SES, taste alterations,

58
Q

stage 1 pressure ulcer

A

skin is red, warm and either softer or harder than surrounding

59
Q

stage 2 pressure ulcer

A

skin breaks open

lesion superficial and resembles an abrasion or popped blister

60
Q

stage 3 pressure ulcer

A

lesion begins to enter subcutaneous; forms a small crater, fat may begin too show in the open sore

61
Q

stage 4 pressure ulcer

A

subcutaneous layer and underlying fascia are breached, exposing muscle and bone

62
Q

5 types of incontinence

A 
stress
urge 
overflow
functional
mixed
63
Q

stress incontinence

A

small amount from couching sneezing or exercise

64
Q

urge incontinence

A

loss of moderate to a large amount before getting to the toilet

65
Q

overflow incontinence

A 
constant loss (dribbling) 
feeling incomplete bladder emptying;
66
Q

functional

A

unable to reach toilet due to environmental barriers

67
Q

mixed incontinence

A

combo of more than one; usually stress / urge

68
Q

delirium

A

acute onset of symptoms;
acute illness-UTI
can be reversed if root of problem is solved

69
Q

risk factors for sleep apnea

A

increased age, increase neck circumference, male, smoking, hypertension, increase weight

70
Q

extrinsic v intrinsic fall risks

A

I- conditions (meds, pain, alcohol, previous falls)

E- situations (urinary incontinence, new environment, pets, cords, etc.)

71
Q

hypoactive delirium

A 
quiet or pleasantly confused
reduced activity
lack of facial expression
lethargy
inactivity
72
Q

hyperactive delirium

A 
excessive alertness
distracted
increased psychomotor activity
hallucinations / delusions
aggressive / agitation
73
Q

causes of delirium

A 
D- dementia
E- electrolytes
L- (lungs, liver, heart, kidney, brain)
I- infection
R- (Rx) polypharmacy 
I- injury, pain, stress
U- unfamiliar environement
M- metabolic
74
Q

senesence

A

process of growing old

Maturing Families Midterm (1 decks)

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