midterm Flashcards
Lifespan development can BEST be defined as the study of:
a. human growth throughout life.
b. infancy.
c. childhood and adolescence.
d. aging.
a. human growth throughout life.
Which of the following is a non-normative transition?
a. retirement
b. entering kindergarten
c. divorce
d. puberty
c. divorce
Dr. Thomas and his colleagues want to study the effects of spanking on child temperament. As Dr. Thomas cannot randomly assign children to either be spanked or not, he must conduct a(n) _____ study.
correlational
Dr. Faulkner believes that directly observable events—stimuli and responses—are the appropriate focus of the study of development. Dr. Faulkner probably follows the __________ perspective of development.
behaviorism
Sandra is a very busy mom with three children who are very successful in school. She tries to remember to praise them for their accomplishments, but she does not always remember. The children are experiencing what B.F. Skinner would call what?
Variable reinforcement
Three-year-old Charles gets a cookie every time he uses the potty. Charles is being _____ for using the potty
reinforced
Professor Carter and her research assistants are conducting a study that involves watching children in a first-grade classroom. This study involves:
Naturalistic observation
A biochemist and a nurse are both studying Alzheimer’s disease. This is a reflection that lifespan development is:
Multidisciplinary
Which of the following is NOT an example of a bidirectional relationship?
a. Mrs. Taylor enjoys doing homework with her son in the evening.
b. When Mary sees her upbeat friend, she feels happy.
c. John gets distressed when he sees his moody and unpredictable neighbor.
d. Professor Erikson notices that she does not make eye contact with her shy students
a. Mrs. Taylor enjoys doing homework with her son in the evening
Cross-sectional studies cannot tell a researcher about _____ differences in development.
individual
Dr. Holder is interested in the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors on human development. This is known as the __________ controversy
Nature-nurture
A culture that values social harmony over individual achievement is called:
collectivist
Gabriella thinks by acting on the world with her eyes, ears, hands, and mouth. Gabriella is in the __________ stage of cognitive development
sensorimotor
James and his identical twin brother Henry were raised by different parents. If James and Henry met as adults, they would tend to be MOST similar in:
a. personality
b. extraversion
c. SAT scores
d. intelligence quotient (IQ)
d. intelligence quotient (IQ)
What has been the number one economic problem in the United States since the 1970s?
income inequality
To determine whether shy children become shy adults, Dr. Mulvaney followed a group of participants from age 5 to age 25. This is an example of a __________ design.
longitudinal
ones _____ is one’s age group—the people with whom one travels through life.
cohort
Sixteen-year-old Bethany is struggling with whom she wants to be. According to Erikson, Bethany is facing the developmental task of
identity
According to ecological, developmental systems theory, interactions between Marina and her child occur in the
Microsystem
Due to advances in _____, people can now find out whether they carry the genes for certain illnesses.
genetic testing
A developing fetus absorbs nutrients through the __________, a structure that projects from the uterine wall during pregnancy
placenta
Mrs. King’s labor is not progressing, so her doctor recommends a cesarean section. The doctor will be
making an incision in the abdominal wall and the uterus and removing the fetus manually.
What is the MOST important factor that determines a woman’s emotional state during pregnancy
feeling cared about and loved
A(n) _____ provides emotional and physical support during a woman’s labor without performing actual health-care tasks such as delivery or exams
Doula
Amniocentesis involves:
inserting a syringe into the uterus and extracting a sample of amniotic fluid.
Who determines the baby’s sex?
father
When Karen gives her newborn a bath, she cleans the baby’s belly button, which is where the _____ used to be
Umbilical cord
________ is a white, downy hair that covers the body of the fetus around 4-6 months of prenatal development.
Lanugo
During the delivery of her baby, Natasha’s nurse recommended she consider a(n) _____, which involves injecting a painkilling medication into a space outside the spinal cord to numb her body below the waist.
epidural
Implantation involves:
a blastocyst embedding in the uterine wall
During the delivery of Mikayla’s baby, the doctor made an incision in the perineum to widen the opening. Mikayla had a(n):
episiotomy
Martha is about 18 weeks pregnant and has experienced quickening. This means that Martha feels:
the fetus moving
Jeanine recently had surgery on a slim, pipe-like structure that her eggs travel down to enter her uterus. Jeanine has had surgery on her
fallopian tube
Which statement about teratogens is false?
a. They are most likely to cause damage during the embryonic stage.
b. Their damage is unpredictable.
c. They operate in a dose-response fashion.
d. They rarely cause damage after the first trimester.
d. They rarely cause damage after the first trimester.
Jessie’s baby’s scalp is just emerging from the birth canal. Jessie’s baby is:
crowning
The time during prenatal development when the major body structures form is the _____ stage
embryonic
The main consequence of smoking during pregnancy is having a baby that:
smaller baby
Laticia’s fetus is descending through the uterus and entering the birth canal. Laticia is experiencing stage two of labor, which is:
birth
The pear-shaped muscular organ in a woman’s abdomen that holds a developing fetus is called the:
uterus
Although Mrs. Nelson is pregnant, her husband complains of morning sickness. Her husband is suffering from:
couvade
The risk of miscarriage is MOST common during:
First
Baby LeBron was just born. What is used to evaluate his condition?
the Apgar scale
The earliest date at which a baby can possibly live outside the womb is the:
age of viability
All of the behaviors listed may quiet a young baby EXCEPT:
a. kangaroo care.
b. infant massage.
c. swaddling.
d. letting the baby “cry it out.”
d. letting the baby “cry it out.”
Why do moms and dads use infant-directed speech?
Babies pay attention when spoken to like this.
In Piaget’s theory, habits such as thumb sucking that center around the child’s body are called
primary circular reactions
Completing major motor milestones (such as crawling or walking) early is _____ to later intelligence.
unrelated
Baby Marcie recently surprised her mother by saying, “me milk.” This first word-combining stage is called _____ speech, and Marcie is probably _____ old.
telegraphic; between 1½ and 2 years
Baby Sam loves to say “oooo.” This is an example of:
cooing
When baby Rodrigo’s mother touches his lips, he suckles his mother’s finger. Rodrigo is showing the _____ reflex.
sucking
In selecting a good day-care center, parents should do everything EXCEPT:
a. look for small child-teacher ratios.
b. look for frequent staff turnover to ensure that a child’s primary attachment is to mom and dad.
c. look for patient, caring, and empathic caretakers.
d. consider their child’s temperament.
b. look for frequent staff turnover to ensure that
Malika and her 7-month-old son are totally in tune with one another, alert and sensitive to each other’s signals. This joyful attunement is called:
synchrony
After being separated, children who don’t seem to care when their primary caregiver re-enters the room may have a(n) _____ attachment style.
avoidant
Clara is beginning to feel ashamed of herself for the first time. Clara is probably:
2 to 3 years old
Early Head Start:
supports low-income pregnant women, infants, and toddlers.
Brenda is 2 years old and is trying to dress herself. When her mother tries to help, Brenda screams and pushes her away. Brenda is demonstrating:
autonomy
Early-childhood poverty in the United States has its MOST dramatic impact on:
academic performance
The federal program that provides free high-quality preschool specifically to low-income children in the United States is called:
head start