Midterm 1 Terms Flashcards
hyperglycemia
- too much sugar in bloodstream
- polyurination (peeing)
- polydipsia (thirsty)
- polyphagia (hungry)
hypoglycemia
- extremely low blood sugar
- light headed
- weak
- hungry
- shaking
- sweating
- dizzy
- rapid heart rate
type 1 diabetes
- young onset
- rapid onset of symptoms
- non-obese
- body cannot produce insulin
- managed by insulin injections, diet and exercise
- autoimmune
type 2 diabetes
- older onset
- no obvious symptoms in early stage
- obese
- insulin secretion can be normal or abnormal
- body cells are resistant to insulin
- managed by oral medications or insulin injections, diet, and exercise
thrifty gene hypothesis
idea some native Americans were predisposed to diabetes from their feast and fast diet/metabolism - not actually proven that any gene shows predisposition to diabetes
what religion did the caste system originate
hinduism
islamic word for dietary laws
halal
jewish word for dietary laws
kosher - identified with a K, means “fit”
what do mormons avoid
- alcohol
- tabacco
- hot drinks
- sometimes meat
what do 7th day adventists avoid
- alcohol
- coffee
- tea
- tobacco
- spices
- pork
- shellfish
- overeating
what do jews avoid
- all not kosher meat
- pork
- eggs/dairy
- fish
- shellfish
- leavened foods (foods that rise)
jewish laws of meat and milk
meat and milk products not eaten together, must be kosher
define biomedicine
- the study of the human body in healthcare and disease
- seeks to diagnose and cure functional abnormalities
fate vs. self dominated culture
fate dominated: future oriented; think things will work out; often don’t have annual appointments
self: believe you are directly responsible for your own health; need to seek treatment
unconscious incompetence
when a speaker misunderstands communication behavior but does not even realize that they are misunderstanding
conscious incompetence
when a speaker is aware of misunderstandings but makes no effort to correct them
-ex. “do you want your baby to die?”
conscious competence
when a speaker considers his/her own cultural communication characteristics and makes modifications as needed to avoid mistakes
-ex. knowing own limits and finding ways around them
unconscious competence
when a speaker is skilled in intercultural practices and no longer thinks about them during communication
-ex. fluent in multiple languages
successful intercultural communication
-don't assume a relationship is there C- consider culture R- show respect A- assess intercultural differences S- be sensitive H- humility, apologize quickly/ accept responsibility of mistakes
medical pluralism
the use of multiple health care systems, often those seeking biomedical treatment will use other remedies in addition
magics-religious interventions
- spiritual healing practices
- god has power over life and death
- relationship and actions towards god may dictate healing process
unconventional therapies
- not taught widely at medical schools
- therapeutic substances
- physical forces or devices
- magico-religious interventions
homeopathy
claim that a substance that causes the symptoms of a disease in healthy people would cure similar symptoms in sick people
therapeutic substances
- homeopathy
- traditional Chinese medicine/herbs
- botanical medicine / plants
- biomedical pharmaceuticals
physical forces or devices
- chiropractor
- massage therapy
- acupuncture
- osteopathy
- cupping
sympathetic foods
- good for the body because of what it looks like
- red wine makes blood stronger
- cabbage good for brain tumors
yin and yang
- yin: raw, soothing, cooked at lower temp, white or light green
- yang: high calorie, cooked at high heat, spicy, red or orange or yellow
- neutral: rice is perfectly balanced
omnivore’s paradox
need to experiment vs. feeling of needing to stay safe with core foods
core foods
- eaten daily
- often served with complementary foods
secondary foods
- eaten frequently, but not daily
- ex. chicken, apples
peripheral foods
-eaten occasionally (ex. holidays)
complementary foods
- eaten daily with core foods
- add flavor and nutritional completeness
iceberg theory
- whole iceberg impacts how someone has an interaction, however only the tip may be obvious
- tip: age, gender, race, nationality
- under water: acculturation, occupation, health, religion, sexuality, educational background, political orientation, socioeconomic status
monochronic
- focus on one thing at a time
- always on time
- dislike interruptions
polychronic
- can do multiple things at once
- value relationships over promptness
- ex. Dr. Minior at offshore
which culture group has the highest incidence of diabetes
American Indians / alaskans
how many Americans have diabetes according to a 2012 survey?
29 million (9.3%)
what is the highest diagnosed type of diabetes
type 2
paleo diet
- consume anything that could be hunted
- avoid grains, legumes, dairy, salt, resigned sugars
intermittent fasting
increased amount of time between meals
raw diet
only eating raw and unprocessed foods
ketogenic diet
puts body in a fat burning stage of ketosis
-eat low carb / high fat diet
moderation
- advantists
- buddhists
- mormons
- muslims
ritual slaughter of meats
- jews
- muslims
leavened food
-jews R
meat and dairy at the same meal
-jews
coffee/tea
- advantists
- mormons
- muslims A
alcohol
- advantists
- hindu A
- mormons
- muslims
shellfish
- advantists
- buddhists A
- eastern orthodox O
- hindu R
- jews
fish
- advantists A
- buddhists A
- Eastern Orthodox R
- hindu R
- jews R
- muslims R
eggs/dairy
- advantists O
- buddhists O
- eastern orthodox R
- hindu O
- jews R
all meat
- advantists A
- buddhists A
- eastern orthodox R
- hindu A
- jews R
- muslims R
- roman catholic R
pork
- advantists
- buddhists A
- hindu A
- jews
- muslims
beef
- buddhists A
- hindu
