Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL 111 > Midterm 1 Terms > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

autotroph

A

organism that can make organic molecules using inorganic compounds and outside energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

photoautotroph

A

uses light energy and CO2 to make glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chemoautotroph

A

use chemical energy and C02 to make glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

heterotroph

A

organism that consumes organic molecules to obtain nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

photoheterotroph

A

use light as energy source but obtain carbon from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chemoheterotroph

A

consume organic molecules as both energy source and carbon source to transform into other organic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

panspermia

A

theory that life came from outside Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

undirected panspermia

A

theory that microbes dispersed from planet to planet accidentally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

directed panspermia

A

theory that life was deliberately seeded on Earth by aliens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

misdirected panspermia

A

theory that life was accidentally placed on Earth by aliens (i.e. galactic pollution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

spontaneous generation

A

theory that life came from decaying matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chert

A

rapid silica decomposition in a pond etc; provides a rare opportunity for bacteria to be preserved with detail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stromatolites

A

layers of blue-green algae growing through sheets of sediments; can be fossilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LUCA

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor (cell that all life descended from)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

extremophile

A

likes extreme environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

assimilative

A

ability to take up nutrients in solution (digestion occurs outside of the cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reynold’s Number

A

measure of locomotion in fluids based on density, velocity, viscosity, and length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

omnipresent

A

present everywhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

phagocytosis

A

process of engulfing and ingesting food into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

endosymbiosis

A

when a cell is engulfed by another cell and a mutualistic relationship is established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

biosynthesis

A

the production of complex molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cytoskeleton

A

internal system of interlinked filaments and tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

alternation of generations

A

occurrence of plants alternating between a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

gametophyte

A

haploid organism that produces haploid gametes through mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
sporophyte
diploid organism that produces haploid spores through meiosis
26
homospory
all spores are similar
27
heterospory
spores are of two different types
28
isogametes
male and female gametes are similar in shape and size
29
heterogametes
male and female gametes are different in size and shape
30
microphyll
have small leaves with a single central vein
31
megaphyll
have a network of veins
32
archegonium
produces female gametes (eggs)
33
antheridium
produces male gametes (sperm)
34
bryophytes
non-vasucular plants (i.e. liverworts, hornworts, and mosses)
35
pteridophytes
vascular plants that do not produce seeds (i.e. club-mosses, horsetails, and ferns)
36
sporangia
where spores are contained
37
sorus (pl. sori)
group of sporangia
38
gymnosperms
seed producing, vascular plants with naked seeds
39
angiosperms
seed producing, flowering, vascular plants with seeds enclosed in a fruit
40
shoot-root axis
axis between the root of the plant and the shoot
41
taproot
one main thickest root with thinner branches
42
fibrous root
many root branches of similar thickness
43
axillary bud
a bud that grows from the axil of a leaf and may develop into a branch or flower cluster
44
meristem
tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated meristematic cells
45
cambium
produces xylem and phloem tissue, increasing the diameter of the plant
46
pneumatophores
modified root in mangrove plants that grow vertically through standing water to reach O2
47
carpel
the ovary + style + stigma
48
stipules
wing-like green expansions at the base of the leaf in some plants; may be modified into tendrils or spines
49
heartwood
provides structural support for a tree but no longer transports water
50
sapwood
contains active xylem tissue
51
root cap
section of tissue at the tip of a root; senses gravity and controls which the way the root grows
52
calyx
collective name for the sepals below a flower
53
corolla
collective name for the petals of a flower
54
internode
space between nodes (where branches split)
55
monocot leaf
consists of a leaf sheath and leaf blade; venation is parallel (i.e. grass)
56
dicot leaf
leaf with reticulate (network-like) venation
57
venation
the arrangement of veins (in a leaf)
58
petiole
the stalk that joins a leaf to a stem
59
phyllotaxy
leaf arrangement around the central axis
60
apical meristem
results in primary growth and vertical growth
61
lateral meristem
results in secondary, lateral growth
62
temporary meristems
produce organs with a finite size (i.e. leaf and flower parts) and lose their meristematic ability when the organ reaches full size
63
thalamus
top part of the stalk (below the flower)
64
stamen
filament + anther
65
bulk flow
transport driven by pressure difference between the two ends
66
transpiration
process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to leaves
67
essential nutrients
elements that play a direct role in the completion of the life cycle of the plant
68
micronutrients
nutrients needed in small quantities
69
macronutrients
nutrients needed in large quantities
70
mycorrhizal fungi
fungi that provides nutrients to a plant and the plant provides sugar to the fungi
71
molal concentration
of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of SOLVENT
72
transmembrane route
water travels from root hairs to xylem via water channels
73
apoplectic route
water travels from root hairs to xylem via going around the cells
74
symplastic route
water travels from root hairs to xylem via going though the cells
75
endodermis
surrounds the xylem and decides what gets transported
76
leghemoglobin
binds to O2 and thus prevents O2 from inhibiting N-fixation
77
growth
irreversible quantitative increase in height, volume, weight, volume, or number (populations)
78
development
qualitative changes in body structure or function (i.e. development of organs, achieving final shape and size, juvenile phase, adult phase)
79
phototropism
bending towards the light
80
apical dominance
higher concentration of auxin in the tip of the plant promotes vertical growth and inhibits lateral growth
81
photoperiodism
plant is induced to flower when a particular combination of day length and night length in a 24 hour cycle is obtained
82
long day plants (LDP)
initiate flowering only when day-length is longer than a critical photoperiod
83
short day plants (SDP)
initiate flowering only when day-length is shorter than a critical photoperiod
84
day neutral plants (DNP)
flower does not depend on photoperiod but depends on the number of leaves produced
85
aerenchyma
tissue with air spaces developed to respond to hypoxia
86
auxin
Indole Acetic Acid; defines the long axis of the body in phototropism and gravitropism responses
87
cytokinins
promote cell division in the presence of auxin and delay aging
88
gibberellins (GAs)
induce increase in plant height
89
abscisic acid (ABA)
makes the plant cell dormant and inhibits seed germination
90
brassinosteroids
promote cell elongation in stems and leaves; structurally similar to sex hormones in animals
91
ethylene
involved in fruit ripening
92
negative gravitropism
auxin bends shoot upwards
93
positive gravitropism
auxin stimulates root growth downwards
94
hypoxia or anoxia
deficiency or total lack of oxygen

BIOL 111 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions