Midterm 1: Study Guide Flashcards
What is Malthusian Thinking? (Malthusians/Neo-Malthusians)
Essentially that the exponential growth of human populations is resulting in “too great” of an amount of people that cannot be sustained. Thomas Malthus assumed an approach that chastised welfare and discriminated against the poor.
Thomas Malthus: English political economist
Relationship Between Poverty and Fertility
Granting young women access to comprehensive education leads to a decline in birth rates.
The “Population Bomb”
Purported that
International Family Planning Programs
Ethical Concerns of Population Control
Certain groups monopolized the
Paul Erhlich
Author of “The Population Bomb,” among other novels of similar sentiments i.e. “Population Explosion”
Failures of Capitalism
The “crises” of Capitalism perpetuate a cycle that reinforces the constant change and adaptation in the interest of rectifying the issues.
If you underpay workers, no one will have the money to buy anything, and continue the cycle.
Over accumulation: Wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few, so many cannot afford to buy commodities and increase expansion.
Overproduction: Commodities are not purchased as quickly as they are produced, so they pile up and profits fall.
Second contradiction: Capitalism undermines itself by undervaluing the environmental conditions necessary for production and profit through:
Environmental degradation that harms the conditions of production and worker health
Over-extraction of resources creates scarcity and limits growth
Cap & Trade
Regulatory commission sets a total cap on the potential amount of sulfur dioxide that is permitted to be emitted
Companies receive permits to reach the allowance
If you don’t release your allowance, you can sell your emissions to other plants that may be exceeding
Palm Trees
Representing a pervasive result of socially-constructed nature, Palm Trees historically were chosen as a symbol of status, wealth, and the pursuit of a Californian American Dream. However, they are not native to a variety of the places they are at presently, despite still giving way to the conception of the tropics.
Moral Restraint of Women
Malthus accredited high birth rates to women’s faltering within the role of “moral officiants” or maintainers of virtue.
Structural Racism
Environmental Racism
Redlining
In neighborhoods that have historically suffered from Redlining, there are higher temperatures on average, and less shade.
“Tragedy of the Commons” - Garett Hardin
People are incentivized to act in a pursuit of their own individual success/wealth that will cause harm to others working within the same field. Eventually, the area will become depleted.
Common pool resources
A hybrid between a public and private good in that is shared (non-rivalrous) but also scarce, having a finite supply. Common-pool resources are subject to the tragedy of the commons, where everybody acting for their own benefit actually over-consumes the resource, depleting it for all.
