Midterm 1 Shi Flashcards
What’s the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is how many particles in something while weight can change wherever u are
What is charge?
A body’s response to an electrical field
Is charge discrete? Is mass discrete?
Both are discrete
Magnetism can deflect a charged particle from a straight light to a ____ ____
Curved path
What are alpha particles?
Emitted radiation with two units of + charge and have same mass as helium
What are beta particles?
Emitted radiation with one unit of negative charge (basically e-)
What are gamma rays?
Emitted radiation which are not made of particles and are not affected by electric or magnetic fields
What did the cathode ray experiment find?
Magnet caused the beam to stray towards the positive end
What was the ray of the cathode ray made of?
Electrons
What did the Millikan oil droplet experiment find?
The mass of an electron
Found the mass to charge ratio of the droplets and used that to determine the mass of the e-
Why would an isotope have less mass than the amount calculated based on the components of the atom?
Some of its mass may have been lost and converted into energy due to binding energy
What are the characteristics of a metal?
Ductile, malleable, conductors
What are some characteristics of nonmetals?
Poor conductors, brittle solids, dull, sometimes gases
What are some characteristics of metalloids?
Between metals and nonmetals, brittle, semiconductors, dopants
How do you calculate percent yield?
Actual yield/theoretical yield
What is avogadro’s number?
6.022E23
What are the diatomic gases?
HOFBrINCl
What is an Arrhenius acid and base?
Acids produce a proton and bases produce an OH-
What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid and base?
Acid is a proton donor
Base is a proton acceptor
What are the strong acids?
HClO4
HI
HNO3
HCl
HBr
H2SO4
What are the strong bases?
NaOH
Ca(OH)2
KOH
CsOH
LiOH
Ba(OH)2
What is the dilution equation?
M1V1 = M2V2
Pressure and volume are ____ related
Inversely (downward curve)
How do you find the partial pressure of a gas?
Multiply pressure by mole fraction
What are the four postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases?
- Gas particles have negligible volume
- Particles in constant motion and collisions with walls cause pressure and the walls are elastic
- Particles exert no force on one another
- Average KE is directly proportional with temperature
What is the change of momentum in a particle?
Delta mv
What is the force exerted on a wall from one collision?
Delta mv/ delta t
What is the Boltzman Distribution?
The distribution of the speeds of the particles
What is the average force for N particles on one specific wall?
Nmux^2/L
What is the Kinetic Theory Ideal Gas Law?
PV = 1/3 (n Na m vavg^g)
What does the molar average kinetic energy equal?
KE molar avg = (3/2)RT
As n increase, the number of collision _____, velocity of force/collision ____
Increase, no change
As Volume decreases, collision ____
Increases
As temperature increase, collision rate _____, velocity ____, and KE ____
All increase
As molar mass increases, velocity of a gas _____
Decreases, smaller is faster
The area under a Botlzmann Distribution must equal
1
What is the equation for urms (root mean square)?
Sqrt(3RT/M)
What is the equation for ump (most probable)?
Sqrt(2RT/M)
What is the equation for uavg?
Sqrt(8RT/Mpi)
What’s the difference between diffusion and effusion?
Diffusion - migration of molecules as a result random molecular motion
Effusion - escape of gas molecules from their container through a tiny pinhole
What is the equation for rate of effusion?
Zeff = 1/4 (sqrt(8rt/piM))(A)(nNA/V)
What do successive vacuum chambers do?
Purify samples
How do you calculate relative rates of effusion?
Amount of gas1 effused/Amount of gas2 effused
Moles(g1)/moles(g2) x sqrt(Molecular weight 1/molecular weight 2) IN KG
Is the M in the velocity equations in g/mol or kg/mol?
Kg/mol
