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Gen Chem 1 (kms) > Midterm 1 Shi > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Shi Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the difference between mass and weight?

A

Mass is how many particles in something while weight can change wherever u are

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2
Q

What is charge?

A

A body’s response to an electrical field

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3
Q

Is charge discrete? Is mass discrete?

A

Both are discrete

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4
Q

Magnetism can deflect a charged particle from a straight light to a ____ ____

A

Curved path

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5
Q

What are alpha particles?

A

Emitted radiation with two units of + charge and have same mass as helium

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6
Q

What are beta particles?

A

Emitted radiation with one unit of negative charge (basically e-)

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7
Q

What are gamma rays?

A

Emitted radiation which are not made of particles and are not affected by electric or magnetic fields

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8
Q

What did the cathode ray experiment find?

A

Magnet caused the beam to stray towards the positive end

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9
Q

What was the ray of the cathode ray made of?

A

Electrons

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10
Q

What did the Millikan oil droplet experiment find?

A

The mass of an electron

Found the mass to charge ratio of the droplets and used that to determine the mass of the e-

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11
Q

Why would an isotope have less mass than the amount calculated based on the components of the atom?

A

Some of its mass may have been lost and converted into energy due to binding energy

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of a metal?

A

Ductile, malleable, conductors

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13
Q

What are some characteristics of nonmetals?

A

Poor conductors, brittle solids, dull, sometimes gases

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14
Q

What are some characteristics of metalloids?

A

Between metals and nonmetals, brittle, semiconductors, dopants

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15
Q

How do you calculate percent yield?

A

Actual yield/theoretical yield

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16
Q

What is avogadro’s number?

A

6.022E23

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17
Q

What are the diatomic gases?

A

HOFBrINCl

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18
Q

What is an Arrhenius acid and base?

A

Acids produce a proton and bases produce an OH-

19
Q

What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid and base?

A

Acid is a proton donor
Base is a proton acceptor

20
Q

What are the strong acids?

A

HClO4
HI
HNO3
HCl
HBr
H2SO4

21
Q

What are the strong bases?

A

NaOH
Ca(OH)2
KOH
CsOH
LiOH
Ba(OH)2

22
Q

What is the dilution equation?

A

M1V1 = M2V2

23
Q

Pressure and volume are ____ related

A

Inversely (downward curve)

24
Q

How do you find the partial pressure of a gas?

A

Multiply pressure by mole fraction

25
Q

What are the four postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases?

A
  1. Gas particles have negligible volume
  2. Particles in constant motion and collisions with walls cause pressure and the walls are elastic
  3. Particles exert no force on one another
  4. Average KE is directly proportional with temperature
26
Q

What is the change of momentum in a particle?

A

Delta mv

27
Q

What is the force exerted on a wall from one collision?

A

Delta mv/ delta t

28
Q

What is the Boltzman Distribution?

A

The distribution of the speeds of the particles

29
Q

What is the average force for N particles on one specific wall?

A

Nmux^2/L

30
Q

What is the Kinetic Theory Ideal Gas Law?

A

PV = 1/3 (n Na m vavg^g)

31
Q

What does the molar average kinetic energy equal?

A

KE molar avg = (3/2)RT

32
Q

As n increase, the number of collision _____, velocity of force/collision ____

A

Increase, no change

33
Q

As Volume decreases, collision ____

A

Increases

34
Q

As temperature increase, collision rate _____, velocity ____, and KE ____

A

All increase

35
Q

As molar mass increases, velocity of a gas _____

A

Decreases, smaller is faster

36
Q

The area under a Botlzmann Distribution must equal

A

1

37
Q

What is the equation for urms (root mean square)?

A

Sqrt(3RT/M)

38
Q

What is the equation for ump (most probable)?

A

Sqrt(2RT/M)

39
Q

What is the equation for uavg?

A

Sqrt(8RT/Mpi)

40
Q

What’s the difference between diffusion and effusion?

A

Diffusion - migration of molecules as a result random molecular motion
Effusion - escape of gas molecules from their container through a tiny pinhole

41
Q

What is the equation for rate of effusion?

A

Zeff = 1/4 (sqrt(8rt/piM))(A)(nNA/V)

42
Q

What do successive vacuum chambers do?

A

Purify samples

43
Q

How do you calculate relative rates of effusion?

A

Amount of gas1 effused/Amount of gas2 effused

Moles(g1)/moles(g2) x sqrt(Molecular weight 1/molecular weight 2) IN KG

44
Q

Is the M in the velocity equations in g/mol or kg/mol?

A

Kg/mol

Gen Chem 1 (kms) (4 decks)

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