Midterm 1 Prep Flashcards
Genetic Variation
The genetic difference between individuals. It is what contributes to a species’ adaptation to its environment.
Mutation
A sudden, permanent change in a gene
Genes
Genes are sequences of DNA that code for a particular trait.
Allele
An allele is a specific version of a gene.
Range of reaction
Gene sets definite limits on potential, and environment determines how much of that potential is achieved.
The nervous system is composed of two basic cell types
Glial cells & neurons
Psychotropic medications
Treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance
Agonists
Chemicals that mimic a neurotransmitter at the receptor site and strengthen its effects.
Antagonist
Blocks or impedes the normal activity of a neurotransmitter at the receptor
Reuptake Inhibitors
Prevent unused neurotransmitters from being transported back to the neuron, which leaves more neurotransmitters in the synapse for a longer time, increasing its effects.
Excess neurotransmitters in the synapse
1) drift away
2) be broken down into inactive fragments
3) be reabsorbed in a process known as reuptake
Frontal lobe
- Motor cortex - plan and coordinate movement
- Prefrontal cortex - higher-level cognitive functioning
- Broca’s area - essential for language production
Parietal lobe
Somatosensory cortex - essential for processing sensory information from across the body - be organized topographically
Temporal lobe
- The auditory cortex - responsible for processing auditory information
- Wernick’s area - important for speech comprehension
Occipital lobe
primary visual cortex - responsible for interpreting incoming visual information - be organized retinotopically
