Midterm 1: Lectures 1-5

Question 1

Phylogenetic trees

Answer 1

Simplified model of the genealogy of life that is used to make predictions and inferences

Question 2

Terminal taxa

Answer 2

Tip of tree( could be species or groups)

Question 3

Internal node

Answer 3

Represents hypothetical ancestrial taxa

Question 4

Root note

Answer 4

First/absolute common ancestor

Question 5

Taxon

Answer 5

Any organism, species, or group of species that a name is designated to

Question 6

Cladogram

Answer 6

Only relative branch or is considered

Question 7

Phylogram

Answer 7

Branch length is proportional to amount of a character change

Question 8

Chronogram

Answer 8

Branch length proportional to time

Question 9

Monophylogenetic group

Answer 9

Consist of most common recent ancestors and all of descendants

Question 10

Paraphyletic group

Answer 10

Consist of MCRA but not it descendants

Question 11

Polyphyletic group

Answer 11

Excludes the MCRA

Question 12

Synapomorphy

Answer 12

Shared derived traits that evolved in the MCRA of the clade

Question 13

Transition

Answer 13

Change from purine to purine

Question 14

Transversion

Answer 14

Change from purine to pyrimidine
Less likely to occur

Question 15

Molecular clock

Answer 15

DNA and protein sequences evolve ate a rate that is relatively constant over time and among different organisms

Question 16

Phylogenies in medicine

Answer 16

Can be used to pinpoint specific virus or bacteria that causes diseases so it could be treated with an appropriate medicine

Question 17

Conversation

Answer 17

Reveals major lineages within a larger clade
Emphasizes the conversation of combination of species that best capture evolutionary history
Try to conserve a combo of species