Midterm 1 Lecture 1

Question 1

Define homology

Answer 1

structures that share ancestry / develop from same structure

Question 2

define phylogeny

Answer 2

a geneology of species or higher taxa

Question 3

define monophyletic group

Answer 3

group w most recent ancestor and ALL descendants

Question 4

what are the 5 characteristics of chordates

Answer 4

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, slits in pharynx, postanal tail, endostyle/thyroid gland

Question 5

what is the function of the notochord

Answer 5

fluid filled dorsal to gut tube, keeps body straight and prevents collapse during muscle contraction

Question 6

what is the nerve cord

Answer 6

tube at surface of back

Question 7

where are the pharyngeal slits and what is their function

Answer 7

on digestive tract behind oral cavity, feeding and respiration

Question 8

what is the function of the postanal tail

Answer 8

help swimming

Question 9

what is the function of the endostyle

Answer 9

filter feeding, iodine metabolism

Question 10

what are the close relatives of the phylum chordata

Answer 10

hemichordata, echinodermata