Midterm 1 GS

Question 1

Formalistic representation

Answer 1

Examines the process of authorization and accountability. Normative black hole. Emphasizes these institutional procedures by which an agent acquires the authority to act.

Question 2

Descriptive representation

Answer 2

Focuses on the resemblance or correspondence between the representative and the represented.

Question 3

Symbolic representation

Answer 3

Captures the ways that a representative “stands for” the represented. The reaction of the represented is constitutive of this. The feelings generated by “the king” are like those generated by a flag.

Question 4

Substantive representation

Answer 4

Refers to the behavior of acting on behalf of, in the interest of, as an agent, or as a substitute for the represented.

Question 5

Substantive representation

Answer 5

Refers to the behavior of acting on behalf of, in the interest of, as an agent, or as a substitute for the represented.

Question 6

Positive peace

Answer 6

Galtung. More lasting peace that is built on sustainable investments in economic development and institutions as well as societal attitudes that foster peace.

Question 7

Negative peace

Answer 7

boulding. Defined by the absence of war and violence. Does not capture a society’s tendencies towards stability and harmony.

Question 8

Direct violence

Answer 8

overt harm, results from intentional action

Question 9

Indirect violence

Answer 9

structural/ institutional violence, has psychological aspects, cultural violence

Question 10

Just war theory

Answer 10

deals with the justification of how and why wars are fought. If a war is for self-defense it is just. The right to go to war and the right conduct in war (protecting innocent lives)

Question 11

Terrorism

Answer 11

the use of unlawful violence or threat violence to create fear (from one country to another usually?)

Question 12

Structural vs cultural violence

Answer 12

structural violence is social force that harms certain groups of people, producing perpetuating inequality in health and well-being. Cultural Violence is from one culture to another (us vs them).

Question 13

Retributive justice

Answer 13

eye for an eye. Crime deserves punishment.

Question 14

Rehabilitative justice

Answer 14

crime as a social problem. Focuses on treatment/ non-recidivism, medical metaphors: curative, preventative

Question 15

Restorative justice

Answer 15

“a system of criminal justice which focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large”

Question 16

Redistributive justice

Answer 16

system of criminal justice based on the punishment of offenders rather than on rehabilitation.

Question 17

Justice as recognition

Answer 17

justice as recognizing and moving past wrongdoing

Question 18

“Classical”/ justice cosmopolitanism

Answer 18

all in one cosmopolitanism, the Individual morally evaluates the concern or what is “owed” by moral right.

Question 19

Cultural cosmopolitanism

Answer 19

people from many different countries and cultures in a collective world formation.

Question 20

Identity

Answer 20

The distinguished character or personality of an individual.

Question 21

Tradition

Answer 21

all ideologies are traditions. Used to describe and evaluate the world. Theories we use to make sense of the world and then adapt. Understanding ourselves and others.

Question 22

Community

Answer 22

groups, associations, institutions. Groups whose members do not exploit one another or behave unjustly to one another, acknowledge each other as members. Safe space.