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Classics - Greek and Roman Mythology > Midterm 1 - Divine Myths > Flashcards

Midterm 1 - Divine Myths Flashcards

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Mythology flashcards
1
Q

Who were the first gods to come out of chaos? (and name meanings)

A
  • Gaia (great mother)
  • Tartaros (place underneath earth.)
  • Eros (love, sexual love)
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2
Q

Who were Gaia’s first children. How did she conceive them?

A
  • Ouranos (sky)
  • Pontos (sea)
  • She came out of chaos before Eros, therefore she did not need to mate before she created her two children, and all of creation
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3
Q

Who were the children of Gaia and Ouranos? (the groups, and their physical descriptions)

A
  • 12 titans (humanoids, eldest)
  • 3 Cyclopes (single eyed humanoids)
  • 3 Hecatonchires (100 hands, 50 from each shoulder)
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4
Q

Who were the titan’s names (that we need to know)?

A
  • Oceanos (ocean)
  • Hyperion (one who goes above [sun])
  • Themis (Traditional law)
  • Mnemosyne (memory)
  • Rheia (becomes new earth mother)
  • Kronos
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5
Q

Euxine

A

Black sea

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6
Q

Who was Oceanos’ wife? Who were their children? What were they?

A
  • Tethys
  • 3000 sons (rivers flowing into mediterranean)
  • 3000 daughters (female spirits of those rivers [called Oceanids])
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7
Q

Who was Hyperion’s wife? Who were their children? What were they (general)?

A
  • Helios (sun [displaces father])
  • Selene (moon)
  • Eos (dawn)
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8
Q

What was Helios’ epithet? What did he do?

A
  • epithet: he who sees and hears all things
  • rides a chariot, east to west, bringing the dawn.
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9
Q

Who was Tithonos? What happened to him? What did he become an aetiological myth for?

A
  • Prince of Troy
  • Eos’ favourite lover
  • Eos asks Zeus to give him immortality, but forgets to ask for eternal youth
  • Eos locks Tithonos in a room, since she can’t stand his sight
  • Because of the noises he made in the room, he became associated as being the first cicada
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10
Q

What does Ouranos do to his children, and why?

A
  • since he is afraid of his children (namely, cyclopes and hecatonchires), he hides them away in Tartaros.
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11
Q

What is Gaia’s response to Ouranos hiding her children?

A
  • Gaia, being a loving mother, asks the titans to punish their father.
  • Kronos is the only taker, since he too hated his father. - Gaia gives him a sickle, and he castrates his father, deposing him as the new sky god.
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12
Q

What creatures arise from Ouranos’s castration? Who are they?

A
  • Erinyes (furies; they find and kill kin-killers; they take on the gender of who they kill)
  • Gigantes (giants; all male and humanoids, but they have snake tales)
  • Nymphs of the Ashtrees (quasi-immortal, they live as long as the tree they are associated with lives)
  • Aphrodite (Aphros = foam; cam from the foam mixed with blood; displaces Eros)
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13
Q

Who were the children of Gaia and Pontos? (the groups, and their physical descriptions)

A
  • many monsters
  • Nereus
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14
Q

Who were Nereus’ children?

A
  • 50 daughters (Nereids)
  • Amphitrite (marries Poseidon)
  • Thetis (mother of Achilles)
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15
Q

Aetiological

A

the first story/explanation of something (no repetition)

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16
Q

Archetype

A

the first of something that is repeated

17
Q

Who did Kronos marry? Who are their children?

A
  • Hestia
  • Hera
  • Demeter
  • Hades
  • Poseidon
  • Zeus (last born)
18
Q

What archetype do Kronos and Rheia repeat?

A

The sacred marriage between Earth and Sky.

19
Q

What does Kronos do to his children, and why?

A
  • Gaia made a prophecy that one of his children would overthrow Kronos.
  • Out of fear, Kronos swallowed his children (Zeus has not yet been born)
20
Q

What does Gaia tell Rheia to do when she finds out she is pregnant with Zeus? What happens (utill the point the prophecy is fulfilled)?

A
  • Gaia tells Rheia to escape to Crete to give birth (he is the one who will fulfill the prophecy)
  • Rheia then hides him in a cave
  • Kronos shows up, demanding the baby.
  • Gaia gives Kronos a stone instead, which he swallows.
  • Gaia later gives him a potion that makes Kronos vomit up all his children, including the rock
  • The prophecy is fulfilled
21
Q

What historic even does the birth of Zeus signify?

A
  • Indo-Europeans came to mainland Greece from Crete, and saw how the mainlanders worshipped Earth goddesses.
  • they brought their worship of Zeus with them, and Zeus became a consort to Earth goddesses.
22
Q

What is the first thing Zeus does after his overthrowal? What does he gain?

A
  • He releases the Cyclopes from Tartaros.
  • In their joy, they reward Zeus with thunder, lightning, and bright flashes of light.
23
Q

What are the theories about how Zeus creates his thunderbolts?

A
  1. Cyclopes were absorbed into Zeus (part of him)
  2. Cyclopes are under Mt. Etna, Sicily (highly eruptive), where they forge Zeus’ thunderbolts.
24
Q

Who is Zeus’ opponent in the Titanomachy?

A

Kronos, who raised the challenge to Zeus.

25
Q

Who are the combatants, and who is on who’s side?

A
  1. Kronos:
    • 10 titans
    • Atlas (son of Iapetos)
  2. Zeus:
    • Themis (titan)
    • Styx (oceanid)
    • Prometheus and
      Epimetheus (sons of
      Iapetos)
    • Hecatonchires (by Gaia’s
      recommendation)`
26
Q

How long does Appolodorus claim the battle lasted, and what does he mean? What are the TItan’s and Atals’ punishment?

A
  • 10 years, metaphor for a very long time.
  • Titans: Tartaros, where the Hechatonchires become guards.
  • Atlas: holding up the heavens.
27
Q

Who is Zeus’ opponent in the Typhonomachy? Who is he and what does he look like? Who sent him and why? What would happen if Zeus did not notice him?

A
  • Typhoios
  • Son of Gaia and Tartaros
  • 100 snake heads that make strange sounds. Eyes that flash fire.
  • Gaia sent him as a test.
  • Typhoios would have became ruler of the cosmos.
28
Q

What does the Typhonomachy become an archetype for?

A

The first dragonslaying myth.

29
Q

What is Typhoios thought to cause?

A

Cyclones, hurricanes, and strange winds.

30
Q

What is the Gigantomachy, and who causes it. Why?

A
  • Gigantes climb up Olympus and fight the gods with natural objects (boulders, trees, etc.)
  • Gaia sent them as a test.
31
Q

What happens during the battle? What does Gaia prophecies? What happens?

A
  • The battle is a stalemate
  • Gaia prophecies that in order to win, the gods must recruit Heracles.
  • The gods win.
32
Q

What does the gigantomachy become an allegory for?

A

A description of natural phenomena, such as earth quakes.

33
Q

What does Gaia say after the Gigantomachy?

A

She recommends the gods appoint Zeus and chief god/king. He becomes the ruler of the Cosmos.

34
Q

Prometheus, Epimetheus and Pandora (x)

A

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Classics - Greek and Roman Mythology (1 decks)

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